I agree that those pupae with missing caps should be scored as "Dead".
I remember taking those photos and they were from colonies where all
of the adult bees had absconded. I believe robber bees had entered
the empty hive and removed some of the wax capping off of those pupae.
In any case, they should most definitely be scored as dead.
--
.
Reed M. Johnson
Assistant Professor
Department of Entomology
The Ohio State University
Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center
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Wooster, OH 44691
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