Homework for tonight----no essay but POST QUESTIONS HERE
bsa...@gmail.com
the packet I gave out today. These are questions about WW2 that were on
I believe the second to last page of the packet. You don't have to
write more then 3-4 sentences for each question and if you are
uncertain how to answer a question post to the discussion thread I will
start. Answering these questions will begin the process of reviewing
for the upcoming test and solidify our WW2 knowledge so we can in rapid
fashion finish it up tommorow.
J. Pizzle
APUSH Per. 3
Sanoff
4/25/06
WWII Questions
1 The public reaction to the War of the Worlds broadcast revealed that
America was easily scared and easily commanded by this new media, the
radio. It was a clear-cut example of the radio and its new power of
Americans. They believed everything they heard and were especially
concerned with their personal safety. Americans are beginning to
become brainwashed by the media, much as we believe everything we see
on TV or read in newspapers today.
2 Roosevelt managed to provide aid to Great Britain in WWII by
implementing a cash-and carry policy which said that Great Britain had
to come pick up their goods and pay in cash, thus making it similar to
regular trade, not a favorable trade. Roosevelt also traded old
American destroyers (to protect British freighters) for leases on air
and naval bases around the world. These two policies circumnavigated
the Neutrality acts by attempting to create trade with Great Britain
without making it look as if they were on their side.
3 The two principal positions over whether or not American should join
the war were isolationists vs. everyone else. Isolationists were
afraid of another WWI situation where American would be dragged into a
war where they did not belong. They were heeding Washington's
farewell address warning. Everyone else basically saw that the British
were being pummeled unfairly from the air, and were not receiving the
help that they deserved, considering they had been our allies in the
last world war fought against Germany.
4 The lend-lease program allowed the British to purchase whatever they
wanted from the United States as long as they promised to pay them back
after the war. The national debate over this act was about whether
this essentially placed America in the war on the Allied side. And of
course, it did, but not officially. Most people saw it as an excellent
measure to help the British survive. The Lend-lease Act passed
congress easily.
5 The American military was not prepared for an all-out world war when
Poland was invaded in 1939. However, to increase the preparedness of
the military, Roosevelt enacted a draft, and organized the economy in
much the same manner as it had been organized during WWI. The
government gave out contracts, set prices, and mediating
labor-management disputes. It also limited the manufacture of civilian
goods. The government also sold war bonds.
6 The Atlantic Charter of 1941 cemented the American-British alliance,
because Churchill and Roosevelt met off of Newfoundland (in Canada, of
course) to discuss the "final destruction of Nazi tyranny". It was
basically a limited set of war aims and a promise that the British and
the United States faced a shared enemy.
7 The U.S. entered into an undeclared shooting war with Germany in 1941
when they promised to escort American lend-lease ships halfway across
the Atlantic to Iceland, where British ships would take over the escort
business. German submarines fired on American escort ships and
freighters, nearly starting war. The Americans were ordered to shoot
Nazi U-boats "on sight". This was basically all-out naval war
without a formal declaration of war.
8 Japan and the U.S. were at a stalemate over the Japanese invasion of
Manchuria. America demanded the cessation of hostilities in Manchuria,
and Japan wanted American oil to continue their imperialistic
domination of the Pacific. America denied the Japanese all goods
(including, most importantly, oil) until they stopped the invasion of
Manchuria. Of course, Japan wouldn't stop the war in China, and
America wouldn't give them any oil. Japan desperately needed oil and
other natural resources, as their home islands were not large and their
colonial possessions' recourses were being swiftly depleted. Oil was
needed for all their military operations.
9 The Americans were caught off guard at Pearl Harbor for a number of
reasons. One, it was Sunday morning and all the American sailors were
working off hangovers and were not expecting an attack. Two, the
Japanese did not declare war before the attack, so American did not
expect it. Three, the American radar station on Oahu was manned by
incompetent and untrained soldiers, so they did not properly report the
first wave of Japanese airplanes. Lastly, the American bureaucracy at
Washington was slow to get out the information that Japan was planning
an all-out assault on America.
10 The Japanese attack solved the one major problem Roosevelt has been
battling. American needed to be unified behind a cause. The attack on
Pearl Harbor did what no speech, law, or presentation ever did. It
unified the American people behind Roosevelt and the nation's
leaders. America had been attacked, and they would not stand for it.
No one liked getting hit, and they were all planning on hitting the
Japanese back.
11 The attack on Pearl Harbor can be considered a tactical victory for
the Japanese because they destroyed many American airplanes and ships
of war while losing very few airplanes. It can also be considered a
political blunder because they failed to take into account the fact
that American would not roll over and attempt to sign a peace treaty.
The Japanese didn't realize that America would be able to fight back
ferociously. Historians have nearly unanimously agreed that it was a
blunder on the part of the Japanese, however many historians consider
the assault on Pearl Harbor a failure for the Japanese because they
failed to hit the most important parts of the Pearl Harbor Naval
Station: the oil reserves, the drydocks, and of course, the aircraft
carriers.
12 The west coast of American benefited the most enormously from the
government spending on the war because it was close to the war in Japan
and was a launch pad for many of the attacks in the Pacific.
13 The war boosted union membership and gave organized labor some
significant gains, because the government was trying its hardest to
limit internal economic strife. It wanted things to run as smoothly as
possible, so it allowed unions to grow and mediated a few large
victories for them. However, unions were not allowed to strike (they
did anyways) and public animosity towards them grew. Some states even
passed laws limiting union power.
14 The government, in an attempt to regulate prices during the war,
enacted the Anti-inflation Act, which allowed them to freeze prices,
wages, rent, etc. so as to stop inflation. The government also created
the Office of Price Administration, which set prices. Furthermore, the
government created the War Production board, which had many powers but
failed to utilize them. The WPB was often circumnavigated by the Army
and Navy and its counterpart, the Office of War Mobilization was only
slightly more successful. The economy did not fail the military
however, as everything was produced, and then some. Surpluses of goods
were not uncommon. The Smith-Connally Act limited union striking
ability.
15 The new scientific inventions that helped the allies win the war
were RADAR and SONAR, which helped allies gain an advantage detecting
enemy forces on the sea and in the air, and most importantly, the atom
bomb, which allowed America to win the war in Japan quickly. Also,
American and British advancements in code-breaking technology helped
them decode enemy messages and know what the enemy was doing without
them knowing they knew. Make sense squeezelifes? The peacetime
implications of these weapons were that transportation would be greatly
improved and that whoever had an atom bomb would rule the world, as
they could wipe out entire cities with one airplane.
16 The U.S. fought a war for democracy with a segregated military
because of longtime racist beliefs among the powerful men in the
government. The one strategic reason, as put forth by Eisenhower, was
that the mixing of races in the army in the war would produce unwanted
internal conflict in the armed forces, such as the civilian race riots
that were occurring at home.
17 African-Americans distinguished themselves in WWII by wearing zoot
suits, a style of clothing which typically included large, baggy
clothes. They also began to organize and won a few small victories for
civil rights. A Phillip Randolph's Brotherhood of Sleeping Car
Porters' union became more powerful, as it was the largest all-black
union in America. The Fair Employment Practices Commission was also
established, and although it did little, it was an important symbolic
victory for African-Americans.
18 The military changes for African-Americans and Mexicans was slim.
They were still segregated (not Mexicans) and African-Americans were
still typically given the most menial jobs in the army. In terms of
social changes, African-Americans and Mexicans moved throughout
American, generally to the west and the north, where all of the wartime
production was happening. In terms of demographics, many
African-Americans and Mexicans became wealthier and social mobility
increased. However, race riots were not uncommon.
19 A. Phillip Randolph was the leader of the Brotherhood of the
Sleeping Car Porter's union, and he threatened to lead a march on
Washington because he wanted integration of the work force producing
American wartime goods. This march never happened, because Roosevelt
saw it would provide good material for the enemy in terms of
propaganda. Roosevelt engineered a deal with Randolph, creating
government organizations for African-American rights.
20 As many Native Americans served in the Armed Forces and wartime
production plants, they were introduced to American life. Many more
began to assimilate, and the government began to promote assimilation
once again.
21 Women who filled war jobs were treated as temporary workers, and not
given much respect. However, they are needed and are given the idol to
look up to: "Rosise the Riveter". They have to leave kids at home,
however, and teenage crime rises dramatically. Prostitution rises
dramatically as well. Women begin to truly dominate service industry
and clerk, typist jobs.
22 Women were, unfortunately, held back by these actions, as men
considered them more and more domestic servants, and likened the job of
cutting airplane wings to sewing, etc. etc. Women were pushed into the
domestic role yet again, and the rising crime rate associated with
women in work caused many Americans to believe that women were
necessary in the home.
23 The United States' economy prospered during the war, and American
servicemen were introduced to the USO, which was a way for American
servicemen to relax while segregated from the rest of the population.
Girls, among other things, were imported to these USO parties. The
USOs kept the armed forces focused and attempted to keep them out of
civilian life as much as possible.
24 Swing music worried many Americans because it broke down racial
barriers among young people and was very sexual.
25 The American government justified the internment of
Japanese-American citizens by saying they were a threat to national
security. They believe that some Japanese may have maintained roots in
Japan and could work on sabotaging American war efforts on the west
coast. So they were put in internment camps far in the American
interior.
26 Japanese Americans suffered more than German Americans, number one
because there were less of them, and number two because of precious
racism. They looked drastically different than white Americans, while
Germans looked the same. Japanese Americans had previous racist
policies directed towards them limited their immigration, like the
Chinese did. This was an excellent precedent for racism during the
war.
27 Korematsu vs. US ruled that the internment of disloyal citizens was
constitutionally permissible, but left the interpretation of loyal to
the government.
28 D-Day, June 6th, 1944, was the opening of a second front in Europe,
which helped relieve pressure on the Soviet Union and pressure Hitler.
It was also the beginning of the American liberation of Europe, and the
true beginning of Hitler's downfall.
29 Allied bombing raids of Germany in 1944 and 1945 were brutal and
non-discriminatory in many cases. Dresden and Tokyo were firebombed,
and many civilians were killed. Many industrial complexes were
destroyed along with civilians. In 1945, two atomic bombs were dropped
on Japanese cities that were primarily civilians. This ended the war.
30 The Allies were able to win the war in Europe because they
outnumbered the Nazis, and out powered the Nazis. Their equipment,
thanks to the US was for more numerous, and their soldiers, thanks to
the Soviet Union, were far more numerous. They closed in on the
Nazi's from both sides in a massive pincer move, and crushed the
Nazis close to home in Berlin.
31 The candidates in the 1944 election were Roosevelt for the Democrats
and Dewey for the Republicans. The main issues of the election were
Roosevelt's health, and the home front economy. Also the New Deal
and it's end was discussed, as well as winning the war. Roosevelt
won. F.D.R. changed running mates because he believed governor Wallace
was too liberal and repulsed some supporters. He changed to Truman
because everyone looked up to him and he was a good, solid guy.
32 In fighting the Japanese in the Pacific, the Americans used the
Island-Hopping strategy of capturing strategic island after strategic
island and the airstrips their, so they could move under cover of their
air power. This worked very effectively early on, but the last few
island battles were long and fierce.
33 Colleges and Universities served as hubs for military research and
new technologies. The Manhattan project was based out of Columbia in
New York City, but was run by Leslie Groves, an army general. The
colleges supplied the intelligence and the army supplied the force and
money.
34 Oppenheimer meant by his statement, I am become Death--Destroyer of
worlds, that he had created a weapon so terrible it could destroy the
world. He had effectively created the most destructive weapon in the
history of the world, and he clearly wasn't happy about it. Uh-oh!
35 The pros of the atomic bomb droppings were that the war ended
quickly and lives were saved, and the destructive power and terror if
atomic weapons were exposed, hopefully never to be used again. The
cons were that these atomic weapons killed massive amounts of civilians
and caused a fallout that affected everyone nearby. It also sparked
the Cold War. Next chapter! Yay!
whit...@gmail.com
we have about the questions??
slugge...@yahoo.com
right now...okay
1. The public reaction to War of the Worlds broadcast revealed how
powerful the radio and the anxieties of the American people were in
1938. Listeners actually believed that there was an interplanetary
conflict that had started with invading martians that were spreading
wide death and destruction in NJ and NY. This shows how people relied
on getting news from the radio.
2. Roosevelt asked congress for a revision of the Neutrality Acts, so
he could lift the arms embargo. By July France was defeated and
Britain threatened, more than 66% of the public thought Germany posed
as a direct threat to the USA.
3. The domestic debate was that some Americans believed that they
should assist the Allies, but oppose actual intervention. Others
however urged an immediate declaration of war and formed the Fight for
Freedom Committee.
4. Lend-Lease: allow for America to funnel weapons to England on the
basis of Britain's promise to return and pay for them when the war was
over. They also had to ship them because the British navy was losing
ships. Others thought that it was a device to tie the USmore closely
ot the Allies and would drag them into the war.
5. Roosevelt psuhed neutrality back one more step by enacting a law for
compulsory military service. The Selective Training and Service Act
provided for the registration of all American men from ages of 21 to
35.
6. Atlantic Charter: It was a seceret meeting in August with British
prime minister Winston CHurchill on a ship off the coast of
Newfounland. They drew up a documetn that affirmed the peace
objectives when the war ended. General principles for peace was
self-determination for all people, no territorial expansion, and free
trade.
7. The American destroyer was attacked by a German sumbarine while they
were escorting British ships carrying lend-lease materials from US
shores as far as Iceland. In response, Roosevelt ordered the navy to
attack all German ships.
8. When Japanese troops occupied French Indochine Roosevelt froze all
credits in teh US and cut off Japanese access to vital materials aka US
oil. Another conflict was that Japan's invasion of China was a direct
violation of the Open Door Policy.
9. Many were surprised because they did not know the exact targe and
dat for teh tattack and many thought it would be in teh Philippines,
Dutch East Indies, or Malaya.
10. ? declaration of war
11. Because it drew the US into war which meant more splitting of the
troops and another big force to worry about because AMerica had many
resources. It also led the Americans to bcome united beind the war
effort.
12. The places where industries were benefited most from the enormous
government spending for the war effort. This is because business was
booming from all the demands of war supplies.
13. Labor unions and large corporations agreed that while the war
lasted, there would be no strikes. Wages were frozen while corps. made
large profits. The Smith-Conally ANti-strike Act of 1093 was then
passed.
14. The office of Price Administration regulated almost every aspect of
civilians' lives by freezing prices, wages, and rents and rationing
such commodities as meat, sugar, gasoline, and auto tires.
15. The gov. created the National Defense Research COmmittee. AMerica
had advantages of mass prduction, while allied scientists and engineers
moved quickly as well to improve ANglo-AMerican aviation and naval
tech., and to imprve the performance of submarines and tanks. bombs..
16. Blacks fought regarldless of segregation in the military because
theythought it could improve their condition in society. It gradually
improved as black leaders organized sit-ins and demonstartions ect...
17. There was a migration from the South to the North becuase of all
the jobs needed to make war supplies. Leading black organizations also
redoubledtheir efforts druing the war to challange the stystem of
segregation.
18. It led to zoot suit riots because there was white resentment about
the fabric during rationing. It led to the riots wehre whites and
MExian Americans battled on teh streets.
19. Randolph helped organize sit-ins and demonstrations in segregated
theaters and restaurants. THey won a battle when they forced a
Washington DC restaurant to agree to serve blacks.
20. Approximately 25,000 served in the military and thousands
moreworked in defense industires. THey left the reservations and more
than half never returned.
21. Over 200,000 served in the military in noncombat roles. THey also
entered the workforce and a song about "Rosie the Riveter" encouraged
woemn to tkae defense jobs. HOwever they recieved a much lower pay
then male factory workers.
22. THe men returning from the war would want their jobs back.
23. It created an economically stable life wehre people could spend
money on somet things to spend on. THe book, theater and movie
industries did record business. MOvies were popular, magazines were
pouplar as well as radios. Resort hotels, casinos, adn racetracks were
jammed with customers.
24. People recoiled at its black roots and at its interracial culture.
Other did not like swing for its sensual style and romantic and even
overtly sexual at times the dancing it inspired.
25. Because of Pearl Harbor, the japanese Americans were suspected of
being potential spies andsaboteurs,. THese irrational fears ordered
over 100,00 to leaver theirs homes in the west coast and move to
internment camps.
26. They suffered more becuase they were relocated because Pearl
Harbor was the main event that united the Americans which drove them to
create harsher consequences.
27. Korematsu v. US: relocation was constituitonally permissible. It
barred the internment of the loyal citizens but lef tthe interpretaion
of loyal to the discretion of the government.
28. D-day: the allied drive to liberate France and was the largest
invasion by sea in history. British, Canadian, and US forces under
General Eisenhower secured several beacheads on the Normandy coast. It
was a successful attack and rolled back German occupying forces.
29. Since 1942 allied bombing raids over Germany had reduced that
nations'industiral capacity andability to continue fighting. Hitler
ended up committing suicide in 1945.
30. Bombing raids...
31. Many felt taht in the crisis that there should be no change in
leadershi. The president therefore sought and recieved the Democratic
nomination for the fourth time. Thomas Dewey was a republican
candidate. However FDR won but would live for less than tree months
after his inauguration, after him was Truman.
32. The Turning point was the war in the Pacific where the Japanese
advance was halted. Aircraft carriers stoped a japanese ivnation of
Australia.It led to the decoding of Japanses messges which enabled U.S.
forces to destroy four Japanese carriers and 300 planes.
33. The project employed over 100,000 people and spent 2 billion to
develop a weapon whose power came from the splittin gof the atom. It
was the most powerful tech. of its time.
34. Basically because it was utter destruction!!!!
35. It was the unleashing of the most destructive weapon mankind had
ever created, however it led them to win the war.
willhu...@yahoo.com
4.26.2006
AP U.S. History
Period 3
Questions: World War II
1. The public reaction to the radio broadcast of the War of the Worlds
caused a great deal of panic. This greatly revealed the power of
radio-that it had the ability to affect so many people to portray
such a chaos. It also displays the anxious sentiments many Americans
held at this time, if they would believe this ludicrous event was
actually happening. Undoubtedly, these anxious and restless sentiments
were caused by the problems of the Great Depression and the anxiety
related to the rise of fascist governments abroad.
2. Roosevelt used the "cash-and-carry" policy and later the
Lend-Lease act to aid Great Britain, both of which worked off of
loopholes in the Neutrality Acts. Both of these acts permitted the sale
of arms to Britain. These acts were made possible in a large part by
the shifting in public opinion after the fall of France. After this
nation had fallen, Americans realized the true extent of the Nazi
threat and that the U.S. might be in jeopardy.
3. The two positions over World War II were the isolationists and the
internationalists. The isolationists advocated complete detachment with
Europe and the European conflict, enforcing strict neutrality. The
internationalists favored aiding Britain and other democratic nations
in any way possible, although they discouraged actual American
involvement in the war.
4. The Lend-Lease Act permitted Great Britain to buy war supplies from
America on credit, as Britain was near economic collapse and could not
afford to buy these commodities. This act was attacked by the
isolationists, who said the act was a blatant attack on the Neutrality
Acts. Internationalists, however, felt that any act to strengthen
Britain and weaken the Nazis was "vital to the defense of the United
States."
5. At the beginning of the War in 1939, the U.S. military was at its
usual low preparedness for war. In case of a possible, conflict,
Roosevelt passed the Selective Service Act of 1940, which drafted men
into the service. With this act, the U.S. military rose to the
appropriate standard.
6. The Atlantic Charter, like Wilson's 14 point in 1918, outlines
Roosevelt's and Churchill's vision for the post-WWII world. It
pronounced that Britain was fighting the war to protect
self-determination, an end to imperial expansion, and free trade-an
open and democratic new world.
7. Roosevelt agreed to protect British ships carrying war goods from
German submarine attacks. After the American warship Greer was attacked
by the Germans, Roosevelt ordered the U.S. navy to shoot all German
ships on sight. The U.S. was now fighting an undeclared naval war with
Germany.
8. After military generals seized control of Japan's government, they
needed oil to power their warships. They received most of this oil by
trading with the U.S. After the U.S. declared an embargo on Japan, they
expanded into the Pacific to control more oil fields, causing a great
U.S.-Japan conflict. Other sources of the conflict include Japans
invasion of Manchuria, violating the U.S. Open Door Policy.
9. The U.S. knew from intercepted codes that Japan would soon attack
the U.S. However, the United States thought that Japan would first
attack an "easy" target in the Pacific, such as the Philippines.
They did not think that the U.S. would attempt they potentially
devastating attack on Pearl Harbor.
10. The Japanese attack solidified the lurking danger Would War II
presented to the United States, unifying the nation behind the war
effort. This was something FDR had tried, but failed, to do.
11. Pearl Harbor can be considered a tactical victory for Japan, as
they had successfully attacked one of the most powerful nations in the
world. However, the Japanese provoked U.S. entrance into the war with
this attack, which ultimately lead to the destruction of the Axis.
12. The West, such as California, benefited immensely from the War as
the West Cost became an area to construct warships, airplanes, and war
materials for the war in the Pacific. Evidence of the booming western
economy can be found I Henry Kaiser's shipyard in California, which
could build one warship every 14 days.
13. Roosevelt called to an end to strikes and all violent actions of
unions during the war, as he said that production simply could not be
slowed down due to labor insurrection. He created the National War
Labor Board to do mediate conflicts, and Congress passed the
Smirh-Connally Anti-Strike Act in 1943 to combat organized labor.
14. The United States formed the War Productions Board, Office of Price
Administration, and Office of War mobilization to prepare the nations
economy for war by telling industries what to produce, battling
inflation, and imposing price controls. They worked reasonably
well-the United States did manage to meet all of there needs, but not
as well as their WWI counterparts.
15. Scientific and technological advances not only helped the allies
develop new weapons, they also aided in defensive technology such as
radar and sonar, in addition to the Ultra, a code breaking machine.
Even in peacetime, technologies such as radar and sonar are used today
in location.
16. Racism was still a prevalent force within the United States by
WWII. However, it was slowly eroding as some integrated parts of the
military emerged. However, as integrated units were often the site of a
lot of racial tensions, the U.S. though it wise not to risk
insurrections in the military at this crucial time and kept many units
segregated.
17. Unlike in WWI, African-Americans during WWII often used the war to
make demands for their race. In 1941, A. Philip Randolph almost marched
to Washington to demand equal rights. Other protests followed. It is
clear that African-Americans were beginning to think of themselves in a
new way during this era.
18. I really did not understand this question.
19. A. Philip Randolph was the president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping
Car Porters, a union with predominantly black membership. He planned a
march on Washington to insist the industries receiving government
contracts integrate their services.
20. In the fervor of patriotism in WWII, many Americans opposed the
Indians Reorganization Act of 1934. Again, Americans began to feel that
American culture was superior to all others and that Native Americans
should try to assimilate into mainstream American society, pressuring a
new federal Native American policy.
21. The new women who entered the work force were, as they always had
been, treated as domestic, weak creatures. So great was this ideal of
the domestic women that Americans began to justify women working doing
heavy labor that "mixing chemicals is just like mixing a cake" and
such. As always, women were paid less then men and usually forced to
take on more menial tasks.
22. During WWII, women began to take on increasingly male-orientated
jobs, foreshadowing a major emergence of women out of their domestic
sphere. This new women was also foreshadowed by the emergence of women
who got married at younger ages, eventually contributing to the baby
boom
23. During World War II, Americans suddenly found themselves with money
to burn and (limited) consumer goods to spend them on. This lead to a
revival of the advertising and glamorous culture of the 20's. To
increase morale and dampen the disruptive emotions of Men, women were
often provided at dances at certain military camps.
24. Many did not approve of the interracial nature of swing dancing, as
it had emerged from an African-American type of music. Other
conservatives criticized its sexual nature as obscene.
25. Americans believed that the Japanese-Americans had somehow
orchestrated the attack on Pearl Harbor. For this reason, they
justified rounding them up and putting them in prison-like interment
camps, so they did not cause any trouble. This hatred of
Japanese-Americans sprung from the deep hatred that arose of Asian
immigrants throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
26. Japanese-Americans had been discriminated against much more than
German-Americans in the United States. For this reason, Japanese
Americans were treated far worse than German-Americans. Furthermore, it
had been the Japanese, not the Germans, to attack the United States,
creating an anti-Japanese hysteria. On the other hand, Chinese
Americans-who had also been discriminated against throughout
immigration history-enjoyed increasing benefits as an ally to the
United States. In fact, the Chinese Exclusion Act was repealed in 1943
27. The key issue surrounding the landmark case of Korematsu V U.S. was
whether or not it was unconstitutional to send Japanese-Americans to
interment camps. The Supreme Court ruled that it was constitutionally
permissible to relocate Japanese-Americans.
28. During D-Day, the allies invaded France and little by little
started to take it from the Axis. This marks a major turning point in
the war in favor of the allies. From now on, the allies would be on the
major offensive.
29. The allied bombing raids were yet another way how total war was
practiced during WWII. By bombing strategic cities, the allies managed
to hurt the will of the Axis to fight, destroy the manufacturing
capabilities of the Axis, and hurt the German air force, making a major
offensive like D-Day possible.
30. After D-Day, the allies began to enclose on Hitler. Great Britain,
the United States, and France began to push in from the west while the
Soviet Union pushed in from the east. After a couple of strategic
battles, the allies broke the German resistance and surrounded Berlin.
At this point, the Germans surrendered.
31. Roosevelt ran for a fourth time in 1944 promising to continue to do
what he had already done for the American people. Thomas Dewey was the
bland Republican candidate, who offered no real alternative to
Roosevelt's plan. Americans opted to stick to the man they trust, and
FDR was elected for a fourth time.
32. The U.S. used the strategy of "island hopping" in the pacific.
Using this strategy, the United States could attack only the weaker
islands, and economically suffocate the stronger ones by attacking
islands around it and placing American troops there. Using the
"island hopping" strategy, General Macarthur would move north from
Australia whilst General Nimitz would move west from Hawaii. Eventually
they would do a combined invasion of Japan.
33. U.S. colleges and universities were the sites of great research for
war technology. Such an example is the "Manhattan Project", in
which the first atomic bomb was created. This perfectly exemplifies how
the military and academic worlds were being meshed perfectly together
by these new technologies
34. Dr. Oppenheimer probably meant that he felt he had created a thing
of such powerful force that he himself could be considered Death, for
all the destruction and death his new atomic bomb could, and would,
cause.
35. The dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki ended
WWII quickly, saving many American lives that would have been lost in a
costly invasion of Japan. On the other hand, the bomb cost many
Japanese lives and provoked suspicion from the Soviet Union, as the
U.S. had displayed it might near to the Soviet Union at a time when the
two nations were beginning to distrust each other.
In question 18, what is a demographic change?
jedimafia
Jarvis
1: Many people mistook the "War of the Worlds" broadcast for reality
and panicked. This showed both how trusting and naive many of the
people in 1938 were and how paranoid they had become thanks to the
Great Depression.
2: The Neutrality Acts were changed so that they allowed arms trade to
both of the countries at war. This way Roosevelt could supply France
and Britain with weapons without going out of the bounds of the
Neutrality Acts. The bad situation for France and Britain caused many
Americans to sympathize with them and start to hate and fear the Nazis.
*3: Sorry, but the way this question is phrased really confuses me.
Could someone explain it?
4: The Lend-Lease act allowed Britain to take as much weaponry as it
needed on credit. The logic was that this would provide America with
vast sums from Britain and stimulate the economy. However, the
opposition thought that this was a clear breech of the Neutrality Acts
since America was clearly favoring Britain.
5: The army was relatively pathetic when war broke out in Europe. In
order to enhance the army's power Roosevelt installed an Act that
drafted all men between 21 and 35.
6: The Atlantic Charter was important because it set up a basis for the
alliance the US would have with Britain. It established the
"self-determination" for all people, prevention against expanding
territories, and free trade.
7: When the Germans sunk the American ship "Greer", Roosevelt sent
out an order for the American Navy to attack any German ships they saw.
8: The United States had cut off Japan from its supply of oil after
Japan attacked French Indochina, the Japanese needed this oil to fuel
their navy, army and air force. America also demanded that Japan take
its troops out of China, to which the Japanese declined. Roosevelt was
also frustrated with Japan since it had joined the Axis.
9: Many Americans did not believe that the Japanese could launch a
successful attack, especially against a powerful US military base. So
Intel about the attack was ignored.
10: The Japanese attack gave FDR an excuse to join the war without
having to bypass the Neutrality Acts and risk the anger of
isolationists.
11: The attack on Pearl Harbor could be considered a tactical victory
because the Japanese received a virtually painless victory over the
Americans. It was, however, a political blunder because Japan made a
very powerful enemy, that would eventually defeat them brutally.
12: The South benefitted the most, because of its perfect environment
for workers and industry alike. Workers migrated to the South because
of its low labor costs and nice climate.
13: The demand for organized labor skyrocketed because of the amount of
money the government was pouring into industries at the time.
Industries could afford to hire more workers.
14: The Office of Price Administration was created to regulate
payments, prices and the rationing of many vital life supplies. It was
relatively successful in that no major problems arose from its
existence, which is surprising to me considering the amount of areas it
endeavored to cover and organize.
15: The Allies' use of sonar and radar were particularly significant
in overcoming the German submarine forces. The atomic bomb played a
large part in the defeat of Japan.
(I'm not sure what you mean by "peacetime implications")
16: Despite the fact that the war was being fought for democracy,
racial discrimination remained a large problem for blacks especially
those who joined the army or the workforce.
17: African-Americans distinguished themselves by joining groups such
as the NAACP and the CORE which both worked hard to end the
discrimination that was running rampant throughout America. Many
African-American adopted the double V slogan, which stood for victory
both in war and at home over fascists.
18: Much of the Mexican-American culture revolved around the zoot
suits, which eventually caused a lot of culture with whites as did much
of the African-American culture. Soon, African-Americans began to gain
more rights in the country (such as the outcome of "Smith v.
Allwright") and they began to get somewhat more accepted into society
as did Mexican-Americans as most Americans focused their discrimination
against the Japanese.
19: A. Philip Randolph was a campaigner for racial equality. He led a
march on Washington in order to get rid of military segregation.
20: Native American life was disturbed when many joined the military.
Once these Natives had left their reservations, few went back and the
population of devoted Native Americans significantly diminished.
21: Women were treated relatively poorly, receiving paychecks far less
than their masculine coworkers. They faced sexism and discrimination
but were motivated by figures like Rosie the Riveter.
22: The role of women in society during the second World War
foreshadowed how soon it would become more common to see women working
jobs that were originally viewed as jobs strictly for men.
23: Much of the popular culture was propaganda made to encourage young
men to enlist in the forces and go abroad. Patriotism was abundant, and
service members were often entertained by shows featuring people like
Bob Hope.
24:Some Americans were disgusted by swing's multiracial culture and
"overly sexual" dancing. They thought of swing much in the same way
as many Americans now think of hip-hop.
25: The United States government claimed that by putting many Japanese
Americans in internment camps they were preventing them from working
with Japan to take down America.
26: German Americans were not treated the same way because white
Americans did not feel the same animosity towards them because they
were not as "different" as the Japanese. Chinese Americans, who
were also seen as "different", started to be perceived better and,
while they still faced discrimination, they were treated much better
than the Japanese.
27: The main issue in Korematsu v. US was whether or not relocation to
internment camps was constitutional. In the end, the Supreme Court vote
that relocation was indeed permitted in the Constitution.
28: D-Day was the day that Eisenhower led the British and American
forces to take back some Normandy beaches from the German forces, this
marked the tide's turn in the war effort against the Nazis.
29: The Allied bombing raids on Germany and Japan were meant to weaken
both the armed forces hold on several cities and the moral of the
citizens. In many cases, both these goals were achieved.
30: The Allies were finally able to win the war because the Soviet
Union was eventually involved and Hitler's forces could not stand up
to the combined powers of Britain, France, USA and the Soviet Union.
31: In the 1944 election FDR ran against the Republican Thomas Dewey
who failed to bring up any real political issue that he could use as
leverage over Roosevelt. FDR switched vice-presidential candidates
because Henry Wallace was seen by many as too liberal, therefore the
more popular Harry S. Truman was an understandable replacement.
32: The United Stated tried to isolate the individual Japanese
controlled islands and conquer them one at a time. The navy was able to
capture many islands and were moving quickly towards the final goal of
Japan.
33: The academic world began to focus more on how the war could be won
using intellectual means. The Manhatten Project is a good example of
how academia was used effectively for the war effort because scientists
like J. Robert Oppenheimer and militants like General Leslie Groves
worked together to get the project completed.
34: Oppenheimer was referring to the fact that the atomic bomb insanely
powerful and that by creating it he had almost insured the deaths of
thousands of people.
35: On the pro side, bombing Japan brought about the end of the second
World War. On the con side, hundreds of innocent civilians were killed
even though they hadn't been involved in the war.
Max to the Borg
passed out today in class. The front page has a list of various events
leading up to world war dos.
Max to the Borg
WW2 Question Marathon 06': Cambridge
Ben Sannoff's P. 4
1: The public reaction to Orson Wells' "War of the Worlds" was
with sheer terror. This shows that the radio held great power through
communication as many fled their homes upon hearing the broadcast say
that New York City was under attack. This show that the American
people were living with scared emotions at the time.
2: Roosevelt was able to get aid to Great Britain by convincing
congress to change/revise the neutrality act. Roosevelt was able to
have the arms embargo lifted so that he could sell arms to G.B. by
convincing congress to allow the trade of arms through the cash-and
carry system. This meant that in order to sell arms to a foreign
nation, the country would have to pick up the weapons from the United
States.
3: The main conflicting views among Americans in terms of involvement
in the war were whether or not Germany posed a direct threat to the US.
Before France was taken down by Germany, Americans didn't see the
Germans as a direct threat, however after France was taken, public
sentiment shifted to that of fear of Germany.
4: The Lend-Lease program was a federal program introduced in 1941
which allowed the federal government to supply allied nations with war
goods while remaining neutral in the war. There was national debate
over this act because it brought into question whether the US was truly
neutral.
5: When the war in Europe was going on in 1939, the US was not nearly
prepared enough to fight in the war. Also, they were not trying to get
ready for the war because at this time they were still exhibiting
neutrality in the war.
6: The Atlantic charter was important because it established that the
US and Great Britain would be working together in the war effort. It
also established the principle that they wanted to take down the Nazis.
7: In September 1941, the Nazis began an attack on American ships,
fire and hitting two American vessels. After hearing about this,
congress authorized the arming of American ships and they began firing
back at the Nazi ships.
8: After the Japanese invaded the capital of Indochina which was a
French colony, the US set a trade embargo with Japan. This meant that
Japan could no longer purchase oil from the US. Their major
disagreement was over China's territory, which the two countries
failed to come to terms with.
9: We were so caught of guard with the attack on pearl harbor because
we believed that it would be very tactically difficult to successfully
attack pearl harbor.
10: The Japanese attack on pearl harbor solved the problem of unifying
the American people to believing in the war. This now gave the people
a major reason to support another major war. This also made it easier
to convince congress to declare war with the Japanese and Nazis as
within a weak, congress nearly unanimously decided to declare war on
Japan and Germany.
11: The attack on Pearl Harbor could be considered a political blunder
for the Japanese because there were many innocent Americans killed in
the attack. After the attack, then US dependent Japanese would now
have to come to terms with the fact that they would be faced with the
most severe angry feeling every.
12: The west coast benefited from the war the most as they became the
central area for the US' naval war with Japan.
13: The war had a great impact on organized labor as it created a
great shortage of jobs in the US as 15 million were fighting in the
war. This produced a great demand for organized labor throughout the
country.
14: In an attempt to protect itself against inflation, congress passed
the Anti-Inflation act, which gave the government the power to freeze
agricultural prices, salaries, and rents throughout the country. The
American people strongly disliked this act limiting its success.
15: The development of Radar and Sonar helped the allies win the war
because it gave them the ability to detect an enemy attack far faster
than before. This meant that they could now manage their
attack/defense tactics better. These developments now gave us a much
better idea for future attacks during a time of peace.
16: There is no real explanation as to why the government segregated
the army. The US was still stuck with its previous racist sentiment.
17: African Americans distinguished themselves through continuous good
service and by reinforcing the issue of segregation in the military
(and in society in general). They started various organizations such
as CORE and FEPC which addressed the issue of segregation in the
military.
18: The Mexican Americans had a demographic change in that they were
no longer being deported to make room for desperate Americans. Thanks
to the war, they were now needed for factory work. The African
Americans had a military change in that they were starting to be
integrated with other whites. Do to the need of factory workers in the
US, many African Americans were now moving from rural southern areas to
industrial cities.
19: Phillip A Randolph was the head of an all black union in the
military. He lead a march on Washington in 1841 to demand the
integration of races in the military.
20: WWII challenged traditional Indian life because many Indians were
now leaving their reservations because the federal subsidies were going
away. Native Americans were now integrating themselves in white
society for the first time. The war brought about a lot of support for
the complete elimination of the reservation system.
21: They were treated much differently from the men as they were given
completely different, "womanly" jobs. They were often patronized
by their employers who often displayed sexist attitudes.
22: The way woman-workers were treated in the war foreshadowed the way
many are treated today as there are far too many stories of the way men
act sexist towards women in the workplace. There are constantly news
stories about women being patronized by their male bosses.
23: The popular activities on the home front were going to dance
halls, where people would do a certain style of dancing called
swinging. Another popular pastime was visiting gambling areas such as
racetracks and casinos. Resorts were also popular on the home front.
24: Some Americans were worried about the growing popularity of Swing
music because of its African American roots and mixed race audience.
Others dislike swinging because of its openly sexual nature.
25: The justification for the internment of the Japanese was mainly
because of military pressure. John DeWitt was able to convince the
government that Japanese-Americans were a direct threat to the American
people.
26: The Japanese-Americans suffered more than the German-Americans
because the Japanese were seen as a dierect threat because their attack
on Pearl Harbor was seen as much more random. The Americans feared
that they could stage another attack. Americans didn't fear
German-Americans as much because they generally didn't associate
themselves as Nazis.
27: The key issue in Korematsu v. US was whether internment was
constitutional. The ruling was that it indeed is constitutionally
permissible. It stated that loyal Japanese-Americans could be released
from the camps; however, it left it up to the government to decide who
was "loyal."
28: D-Day was historically significant because it was the allies'
way of liberating france and it put the Nazi forces on the defensive
end (Richard Seymour?) for the first time in the war.
29: The allied bombing raids were significant because it destroyed the
Nazis manufacturing capabilities. They also limited the possible and
previous offensive strategies of the Nazis.
30: The allies were able to eventually win the war by essentially
surrounding the Nazis. They attacked germany from western Europe by
the Soviets attacked Germany from the east. The Nazis eventually
surrendered as their central city of Berlin was surrounded.
31: In the election of 1944, FDR received the democratic nomination.
Thomas Dewey got the nod for the republicans. FDR won the election
because the American people didn't feel that it would make sense to
change the president after the war that FDR handled for the United
States.
32: The US used a strategy of attacks on the surrounding islands of
Japan by attacking and taking over the small islands. They would then
use their advancements and power taken from the small islands to take
over the large islands around Japan.
33: The American colleges and universities played a key role in the
war effort. Important research was done at various American colleges.
A major one was the "Manhattan Project" where the atomic bomb was
developed. This shows the dependence on the universities as the A bomb
played a key role in the American defeat of Japan.
34: He meant: "this ones a keeper, I think I'm gonna call it the
grim reaper. PREPARE TO DIE!!!!!!!!!!!
35: The pro of dropping the A-Bomb was that it led to the victory over
Japan. The obvious major con was that it led to the deaths of millions
of innocent Japanese civilians.
saml...@yahoo.com
1.The strong and fearful reaction to the war of the worlds shows that
the new form of media - was extremely powerful in brainwashing American
people and provoking them to have certain emotions. This sets a
precedent for the high succeptibility to propaganda and biased news
today.
2.By requiring Britain to come get the supplies that America was aiding
them with Roosevelt found a loophole to the Neutrality Acts. This was
called the Cash and Carry Policy. At this time more americans saw how
dangerous the Nazi regime was and felt more of a need to stop it before
it got outta control.
3.Many Americans believed that America needed to step in on the side of
their friends the British and fight Facism. Other Americans thought
that war would be detrimental ans remained true to isolationsism.
4 The lend-lease act basically gave the US the right to aid the British
unlimitedly. This was debated because the people who were against the
war thought this was a big commitment and that it was getting too close
to being another war to end all wars.
5.Very rarely are armies prepared for such a big war. To put a US army
in shape as quickly as possible there was a draft, propaganda to raise
money and patriotism and orders to industries to create weapons.
6.Basically the Atlantic Charter in 1941 sealed the alliance between
USA and GB. Roosevelt and Churchill met to discuss motives and tactics
for the daunting war.
7.Before an actual declaration of war after pearl harbor the was a
naval battle between USA and Germany. German ships shot USA and USA
fired back in reaction.
8Japan was interfering in china (manchuria) thereby fucking with the
USA spheres of influence. Japan was also invading southeast asia which
got USA worried about the philipines. The Japanese really needed oil
from USA for this huge war but the USA wouldn’t give it to them.
9Basically America was sloppy about pearl harbor. As Ben mentioned
today in class, the government new about it but didn’t do anything.
Also they expected japan to declare before an attack.
10The attack at pearl harbor gave FDR a concrete justification to enter
the war and end isolationism.
11Many people think that the axis could have won the war if they hadnt
had so much on their plate at one time. The USA, having such a powerful
army kind of gave the allies the edge as they did in the last big war.
12The industrial regions benefitted most. As we know industry and war
are quite fond of one another. The war cause high demand for industry
and the government is easy with them during war time.
13Organized labor was previosly very strong. However because the
industry needs to be very efficient during war time to provide unions
are given less rights.
14Because the government was so dependent on the corporations they
pretty much gave them a lot of power and ignored the workers. The
government didn’t really set any codes of regulation.
15One leg up that the allies had technologically was radar. Our friends
across town at MIT helped us invent radar, which came in handy for
submarine battle, a crucial part of the war.
16 Although the USA claimed that this war was for freedom and
democracy they still had racially segregated units. Although Eisenhower
had his stategic justification it was really cause society was still
very racist and the whites wanted better conditons for themselves.
17AS we know with war come evolving styles and ideas and feelings.
Blacks had a new popular style of dress. The very popular colorful zoot
suit. The won some small civil rights gains and founded the fair
employment commission,
18Non-whites continued to move to northern cities. Gains in status were
small and rare. Some became more middle class and less became
unemployed. The race riots of the time plagued them
19Randolph lead a march in hopes to integrate the war time industry.
The march never occurred because roosevelt started a few organizations
that he said would take care of it.
20This was a time the native americans were beginning to lose their
cultures and assimilate. Many were fighting and working at higher level
jobs.
21Women were still treated differently. They got payed less and were
often given less respect and recognition.
22 Although they found some independence and demand for jobs during the
war they got the boot when the men came back.
23 I don’t get this question?
24 Swing music (big band jazz) had a very sexual dance. It had
syncopated rythyms and broke all the rules of triditional music. It was
also associated with blacks and jews. Americans saw this as a threat to
the order that they had found in society. The Nazis also feared jazz.
They even outlawed it for similar reasons.
25The USA thought that they couldn’t trust japanese americans and that
they were a threat to public safety. Similar to arabs today.
26 ?????
27 Korematsu vs. US ruled that the internment of disloyal citizens was
constitutionally permissible, but left the interpretation of loyal to
the government
28 D Day opened the second front in europe really hurting hitler
allowing them to be attacked from more angles. Taking stress off
soviets.
29 The fire bombings were horrific. In tokyo and dresden a historic
german city millions died,
30 The nazis basically ran out when the Allies still had some left in
them. More men, supplies ….
31 Once again no war time president ever loses. FDR wins again against
dewey in 1944.
32 They new that japs don’t surrender so they decided the only way was
to kill so many people that they had to. They ended it quickly by using
the atom bomb.
33 US universities provided for the technology that gave the usa an
edge. The a bomb and radar by mit were crucial,
34 oppenhiemer was saying that he had created the most deadly and
destructive weapon in the world. Maybe he was ashamed
35 the bomb was a quick end and maybe the only end. It also may have
killed less people than another invasion. However there is all the
radiaton. And now there is the WMD epedemic.
wes...@aol.com
Period 3
APUSH
Tuesday, April 25
World War II Questions
1.1. When the war of the worlds address was aired, the American
public entered essentially a state of panic, as the reality of the
current situation was now made apparent from the media's point of
view. This more than anything made it clear to the world the impact
that the media had on society, and still does to this day. This also
showed how easily public opinion could now be swayed in favor of the
media, through a new powerful tool, the radio.
2. Roosevelt managed to aid britain primarily through the
system of cash-and-carry. Which allowed the sale of arms to Great
Britain. As public opinion in France continued to shift and change,
these act had the opportunity to be successful.
3. World War II had two main principal positions, the
isolationists and the
internationalists. The isolationists wanted complete separation from
Europe and the conflicts, which as a result would keep America as a
neutral nation. However, the internationalists favored primarily
helping Great Britain and other democratic nations even though the did
not publicly support Americas involvement in the world war
4. The Lend-Lease Act allowed Great Britain to purchase
military necessities from America on credit system, seeing as Great
Britain had now entered an economic crisis.
6. The Atlantic Charter was a secret meeting in August with Winston
Churchill that took place off the coast of newfoundland on a ship. The
two crafted a document that affirmed peace once the war ended.
General principles for peace was self-determination for all people,
no territorial expansion, and free
trade.
7. An American destroyer was sunk by a German sub while they
were escorting British ships carrying traded materials from US
shores towards Iceland. Roosevelt then ordered the navy to
attack all German military warships.
8. Not to sure about this one.
9. The public was quite shocked at what had happened seeing as they did
not had no idea what the target was going to be, many had speculated it
to be the Philippines, but it was yet to be determined.
10. DUNNO
11. It brought the US to war which meant more splitting of the
troops and another big force to worry about because AMerica had many
resources. It also led the Americans to become united behind the war
effort.
12. Industries for the most part benefited most from the large
government spending for the war. This is because business was
greatly flourishing from all the demands of war supplies.
13. Large corporations along with several labor unions, agreed that
while the war
lasted, there wouldn't be any strikes. Wages were stopped while
business's made enormous profits. This then cause the Smith-Con
ally Anti-strike Act to be passed.
14. The Price Administration office regulated almost every aspect of
civilians' lives by freezing prices, wages, and rents and rationing
such commodities as meat, sugar, gasoline, and auto tires.
15. The American government created the National Defense Research
Committee. America
had advantages of mass production, while allied scientists and
engineers
moved quickly as well to improve ANglo-AMerican aviation and naval
tech., and to improve the performance of submarines and tanks.
bombs..
16. Not to sure bout this one.
17 African-Americans wore zoot suits during the second world war,
which typically is associated with quite large, sagging clothes. this
was done in attempts to distinguish themselves in society. They also
began to organize and won a few small victories for their own
civil rights. A Philip Randolph's Brotherhood of Sleeping Car
Porters' union became more powerful, as it was the largest all-black
union in America. The Fair Employment Practices Commission was also
established, and although it did little, it was an important symbolic
victory for Blacks in america at the time.
18. In terms of demographics, many African-Americans and Mexicans
became richer and more wealthy. However, race riots were not
uncommon. On the other hand, when speaking of social change social
changes, African-Americans and Mexicans moved throughout American,
generally to the west and the north, where all of the wartime
production was happening.
19. The Philip Randolph march never actually happened, because
Roosevelt
saw it would provide good propaganda opportunity for the enemy.
Roosevelt engineered a deal with Randolph, creating
government organizations for African-American rights.
20. Native Americans served in the Armed Forces and wartime
production plants, they were introduced to American life, and as a
result, more and more began to assimilate, and the government then
began to promote assimilation.
21. For the most part, women who filled war jobs were treated as
temporary workers, and were as a result given little to no respect for
what they did, and were quite undervalued as workers.
22. It was clear that returning soldiers form the war would want to get
the jobs they left behind, back.
23. Culture on the home front essentially created an economically
stable life where people could buy what they wanted. Movies at the
time were quite popular, magazines were popular as well as radios.
24. Most did not favor the swing dance, and one main criticism was
simply that it encouraged wild behavior, and was even portrayed as an
overly sexual dance.
akada...@gmail.com
APUSH
Period 3
April 25, 2006
WW2 Questions
1. The War of the Worlds created fear in the public, because, although
it stated that it was fictional, the radio was a major communication
source and very trusted, so what it said was deemed true.
2. Roosevelt changed the first Neutrality act that prohibited sales of
weapons to belligerents and created a cash and carry system that
allowed belligerents to get weapons if they paid with cash and came and
got them and took them home. This didn't make it seem like Roosevelt
was favoring the allies b/c they had to pay and the US needed the
profit during the depression. Roosevelt also gave ships to Britain for
access to their naval bases all around the world. Roosevelt also gained
the sympathy of the nation for the allies as well.
3. The debate was between pro war and pro neutrality (and
isolationism). Some groups like the Committee to Defend America though
that American assistance to the Allies was good but didn't want
America in the war while others like the Fight for Freedom Committee
called for war. The isolationists/neutrality people, such as the
America First Committee didn't want participation in the war.
4. The Lend-Lease program basically replaced the cash and carry policy
and allowed the sale of weapons to Britain/ Allies in return for loans
or promises that they would be paid for after the war. By this point
the US wasn't really neutral and Americans saw that Roosevelt
supported the Allies. Many still wanted isolation though b/c they saw
no benefit in putting America in the war.
5. America was still trying to end the depression at the beginning of
the war but the war helped them do that by rebooting the industry and
providing jobs and income. Industry became war based and the gov't
regulated it with the War Production Board, Office of Price Admissions,
and Office of War Mobilization. Support was gained in the home front
through propaganda, which encouraged rationing food and materials, and
buying bonds, there was also a preemptive draft.
6. The Atlantic Charter established America and Great Britain's goals
for the end of the war. This was necessary b/c both sides knew what
they were fighting for and received what was best for both nations.
They agreed on peace based on self-determination for all people
involved in the war, no territorial expansion, and free trade.
Hopefully these would prevent further wars and reduce the risk of
alliances/ entanglements.
7. When the US was assisting a British ship to Iceland a US destroyer
was attacked by German submarines. Roosevelt then ordered the immediate
attack of all German ships on sight after that date. This incited a
naval war against Germany, but it wasn't official yet.
8. Japan needed oil from America to fuel its ships. But they violated
the Open Door policy by invading China in 1940, the US refused to allow
trade (esp. of oil) with Japan. Japan tried to negotiate, but the US
refused. Also, Japan had joined on the side of the Axis powers by then.
9. The government knew that an attack was being planned somewhere in
the Pacific, but they didn't know where or when and never suspected
Pearl Harbor b/c Hawaii was pretty far from Japan. Officials were
paying more attention to a group of ships near China. No one had a clue
so on December 7, 1941, Pearl Harbor was attacked by Japanese planes.
2,400 Americans were killed and hundreds of ships and planes were
destroyed.
10. The unprovoked attack on Pearl Harbor completely surprised
Americans. Because it was on home soil following the attack there was a
huge movement of nationalism and aggression against the axis. Americans
finally felt threatened by the war and were ready to fight, even though
Roosevelt was advancing for war from a while back now he had the
support of the country. SPEAKING OF HAWAII THERE IS A LUAU DANCE THIS
FRIDAY AND EVERYONE SHOULD BY TICKETS...$3 AT LUNCH $5 AT THE DOOR BE
THERE!
11. The Japanese were smart to try to rid America of its main navel
base because then they would be completely unprepared to fight. But
Japan also started the aggression for no actually reason, and they were
the excuse for America's involvement in the war.
12. The West benefited most from the increased government spending.
Firstly, the West Coast/ mainly California became the base for Japanese
attacks so the gov't put money into the west coast and created a war
industry there which alleviated the depression immediately. The boom
went from the coast to the interior as major industries boomed like
steel and shipbuilding.
13. The war got rid of the unemployment from the depression so union
membership increased a lot. But the government also renewed its
relationship with big business as Roosevelt needed those connections to
keep war productions moving, so organized labor wasn't very effective
as strikes couldn't exist b/c production had to keep going and unions
agreed not to strike during the war.
14. The government created an agency to regulate prices of goods
(office of price administration) and it controlled inflation but the
public didn't support it. As a result a black market was created
because the OPA made prices so much higher than they needed to be.
There was also the War Productions board that regulated ammunition
prices. They were also limitedly successful because they couldn't
contact producers directly.
15. Mass production was the most important production tactic during
this war as the Allies had more ammunition so they could out last the
Axis. Scientists also worked on improving planes and ships and worked
on precision with radar and sonar so that enemy subs could be located
and bombs could be more precise. There were also a lot of machines
working on decoding messages from the Axis that continued getting
better as the messages became more complicated.
16. The military didn't want to change a tradition of segregation.
Riots and protests broke out when African Americans called for
integrated units, and it was too radical to happen. Basically the
hypocrisy goes back to the founding fathers writing the declaration of
independence while owning slaves. The military couldn't risk changing
the armed forces because they needed as much support as they could get.
17. During/ Post WWII was when African Americans really began calling
for equal rights. Through distinguished leaders and various protests,
African Americans took different aspects of society, like organized
labor, and added their cause to it. Instead of striking for unfair
wages in general, it was unfair wages especially because they were
Black. WWII was also the time of some of the first sit-ins and the call
for desegregation.
18. African Americans joined the military eagerly to improve their
societal and economic position. In the military, rather then work in
menial jobs and in segregated units, African Americans were allowed to
join previously barred units, even all-White ones, as the military
needed that man power. Unfortunately, instead of gaining respect in
society for fighting, they remained in the same position. Many African
American leaders demanded changes in their position in society, such as
integrating public locations and the civil-rights movement was getting
started. A lot of Mexicans came to the US to work for a limited time in
specific areas, and so many joined the armed forces. The large influx
of Mexicans in previously White neighborhoods lead to a lot of
tensions, especially because gangs were developed and a popular style
of clothing (Zoot suits) were considered vagrant, so there was tension
and riots.
19. A. Philip Randolph was the president of the Brotherhood of
Sleeping Car Porters, which was a predominantly Black union. He wanted
the government to require companies who received defense contracts to
integrate their work forces. To get the government to do this he
organized a march to Washington where he threatened an outcome of
100,000 people, and because FDR didn't want to be embarrassed and was
afraid of violence he agreed to work with Randolph if he cancelled the
march. So he created the Fair Employment Practices Commission to
investigate discrimination against blacks.
20. Native Americans were involved in the war and actually saw combat.
Many worked as code talkers using their own language to communicate
military codes, as no one spoke their language other than them. A big
change in Native American lifestyle during the war was that the
reservations lost opportunities for jobs so many young Native Americans
moved out of reservations to find work, and many didn't return. As
more Native Americans assimilated and as America called for a more
united nation, the government didn't want such isolated reserves so
more pressure was put to rid of them, although no legislation was
passed.
21. Women were prejudiced against in employment because many employers
gender categorized jobs and race so women always ended up with menial
low-paying jobs. Many industrial jobs tried to replace heavy work with
machines for women to use them, but more women began taking commonly
male associated jobs. Women were also placed in jobs that employer's
thought related back to domestic life, like chemical mixing relating
back to mixing ingredients from a recipe. Employers also patronized
their female employees making it even harder to receive equality in the
work force.
22. Employers always viewed women as domestic workers so they remained
limited in their field of work. Women were not treated the same as men
on the job and this impartial treatment stuck with working women into
the future. Also when men returned women were forced back to their
domestic role, as that was their established position.
23. The economy on the home front was flourishing because of the war,
so people re-embraced leisure. Theatre and literature were huge and new
magazines were published and radio listening also increased. Public
events were also frequented, such as racetracks, casinos and
dancehalls, as youth culture from the twenties remained. Advertisements
were common in support of the troops and how they were fighting to keep
everything as it was on the home front.
24. Swing music became hugely popular during WWIII, but it was
criticized by many older more conservative White members of society.
Swing music originated through African American music and drew a
multiracial audience, which created fear for the conservatives. Swing
was also openly sensual and to conservatives it represented a lack of
morals. Because Swing was so popular though, it continued to sweep the
nation and it continued to challenge conservative views of youth
culture and racial boundaries.
25. Because of America's conflict with Japan (incited by Pearl
Harbor) many American military leaders feared that American Japanese
would be a security threat to the nation. This fear was perpetuated to
the public and lead them to believe that interning Japanese was
justifiable for their own security.
26. Japanese Americans were actually separated from society through
internment camps and considered a national threat, whereas German
Americans were considered as part of society (ex. Sauerkraut wasn't
called freedomkraut to promote nationalism). The most obvious reason
why is because the Japanese were more identifiable than German
Americans so it was easier to single them out.
27. Korematsu vs. US was a case, which questioned the constitutionality
of interning the Japanese. The Supreme Court ruled that is was as they
only relocated "unloyal citizens" but left "unloyal" to be
interpreted by the government.
28. D-Day was when American troops helped to start pushing back the
German troops out of France. It is historically significant because it
was the start of the turning point of the war when the Allies began to
win.
29. German bombing raids, I'm not to sure, but Allies DIDN'T bomb
railroads leading to death camps or the chambers themselves, in fact
they almost refused to acknowledge what Hitler was doing to the Jews
when it was happening, when they could have halted things. The Japanese
battles were mostly naval until the atomic bombs, which were dropped in
Hiroshima and Nagasaki and killed thousands of civilians.
30. The Allies were able to win the war because they were finally able
to push German troops back. Through many Ally victories with the aid of
American, the western front of the battle was reduced back towards the
Rhineland, and then the Soviet pushed the Germans all the way into
Berlin until the Germans were cornered.
31. Roosevelt wanted to run again to continue the changes he had
started in America (New Deal) and promised working class America that
he was still on their side. His competition was Dewey, who didn't
have the same trust from the people as Roosevelt had, so Roosevelt was
elected again.
32. They went from island to island pushing back the Japanese navy and
winning battles at different islands. The American navy's main goal
was to get as close to the main island of Japan as possible, so they
pushed the Japanese back towards Japan.
33. Colleges and Universities did the research part of the war for
developing new war technologies and experimenting them. A prime example
of this was the Manhattan Project, which was the testing for the atomic
bomb. The government used researchers from MIT/ others to create the
bomb and perfect it for combat, they eventually took control of the
project and tested it on their own.
34. He had created something that could kill thousands in a matter of
minutes. The shear power of the a-bomb to produce mass death in the
blink of an eye was completely unheard of and extremely terrible.
Oppenheimer had just worked on a machine that killed faster than
anything before, and he realized what he had brought to the world.
35. The bombs ended the war quick and easy and caused no further
casualties for Americans. The bombs also killed thousands of civilians
not soldiers and were dropped near the end of the war, when Americans
could have waited out the military leaders of Japan. The Americans were
clearly winning and didn't have to kill so many, but it was time and
more American deaths vs. a quick solution that didn't affect American
lives.
alan.i...@gmail.com
APUSH - Sanoff
WWII Questions
1. The public reaction to War of the Worlds showed revealed how much
power the radio had on American society because people thought that
everything that was said was true. It also revealed that American
anxieties were very high and some people panicked.
2. America was able to aid Britain by adopting the cash-and-carry
system. This system allowed Britain to buy and pick up goods from the
United States. Due to the British and French inability to hold off the
Germans, the American public opinion shifted and now Germany was seen
as a direct threat to the country.
3. Some, such as the isolationists, argued that the situation in Europe
was so bad that nothing could be done to help the allies. Others said
that it was our duty to help the allies.
4. The lend-lease program allowed the country to lend or lease
armaments 'vital to the defense of the United states' for just the
promise that the purchasing country would repay the United States after
the war.
5. The United States was not prepared at all for war in 1939. To
prepare themselves, the government issued the first peacetime draft.
6. The Atlantic Charter was important because it pretty much mean that
it was inevitable the United States was going to war. The charter was
pretty much a statement of war aims and the 'the destruction of Nazi
tyranny'.
7. The US went into a shooting war with Germany because many American
ships protecting British vessels were sunk by German submarines.
8. The Japanese greatly needed oil in their pursuit to conquer the
territories and islands of Southeast Asia. The United States, angered
by what the Japanese was doing, established a trade embargo that really
pissed the Japanese off.
9. The US was caught off guard at Pearl Harbor because they didn't
think the Japanese would dare strike United States soil and also
because they were monitoring a large Japanese convoy in the China Sea.
10. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, all the Americans were united
under the push for war. This made it very easy for Roosevelt to declare
war because there was hardly any opposition.
11. The attack was a tactical victory because the American forces in
the Pacific were greatly diminished. However it was a political blunder
because the miscalculated the American response and it ended up being
an invitation for the United States to kick their ass.
12. Cities, especially on the west coast, benefited greatly because now
factories were back in business producing war materials. This gave jobs
to people and really boosted the economy.
13. Organized labor significantly increased because more and more
people were taking jobs at factories and were looking for the
securities the unions provided. However union power was limited because
the government did not allow them to strike.
14. The government created the War Productions Board to regulate
production. This board regulated what would and would not be
manufactured. They also created the Office of Price Administration
which had the power to freeze agricultural prices, wages, salaries, and
rents.
15. The new technologies such as radar, sonar, the British created
Ultra, and the United States Magic, all had profound effects on helping
the Allies win the war. With these new technologies they were always
one step ahead of the enemy and could create strategies based on their
stolen information.
16. Easy, the military was segregated because of racism. However, do to
public opinion and political pressure, the military slowly began to
become unsegregated.
17. African Americans distinguished themselves by joining organizations
such as CORE and by participating in sit-ins.
18. African Americans - eventually gained some integration in the
military... shows how they were slowly being accepted into American
society. Mexicans - were also getting assimilated into American
society. They filled factory jobs in cities and had a large cultural
presence... ex. the zoot suit. However they also caused panic among
white Americans.
19. A Philip Randolph, president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car
Porters, lead a march on Washington because he wanted the government to
require companies receiving defense contracts to integrate their work
forces.
20. Indians were hired by the military as code talkers. Socially,
Indians were now being assimilated into white society because of the
whole notion of national unity.
21. Although women were treated poorly, paid less, and treated as
inferiors, they had a huge effect on the war effort by filling up the
jobs that men had left opened... although most had bureaucratic jobs.
22. Women could now get work by doing a "mans job".
23. The American society during this time was booming. There was great
entertainment, people were out at parties, dance halls were packed.
There was a lot of patriotism and prosperity in the country.
24. Many people disliked swing dancing because it was often very
sexual.
25. The government was removing the Japanese 'threat'... they
thought that Japanese Americans were aiding Japan in the war.
26. Japanese Americans suffered more than German Americans because
Japan had launched a direct attack on America and Americans felt more
hostility towards the Japanese than the Germans, who had not directly
effected Americans.
27. The key issue of Korematsu v. US was the constitutionality of
relocation. The Supreme Court ruled that it was constitutional.
28. D-Day really turned the tide for the Allies in the war. The Germans
suffered a great loss not only in the number of men they lost but also
geographically. This added another front the Germans had to worry
about.
29. The United States bombed the shit out of Germany, targeting
manufacturing plans so they couldn't produce anymore weapons and
other war materials.
30. They basically surrounded Hitler from all sides. America and
British from the west and south, and Russia from the West.
31. FDR vs. Thomas Dewey. Domestic issues vs world peace. FDR wins for
the 4th time in a row. He replaced his running mate with Truman because
of pressure from the Democratic Party to have his running mate be a
more moderate and acceptable figure.
32. The United States approached the war in the pacific by taking over
Japan's small islands. They would use their ships to bomb the crap
out of them and then eventually take them over.
33. The Manhattan Project created a good relationship between the
academic and military worlds. The military needed the smart people to
invent new things and in turn they (the government) funded the schools.
34. He basically stated that the atomic bomb will be the death of
mankind and planet earth.
35. Pros - win the war by blowing them up. Establishing yourself as
the world power. Cons- kill a lot of innocent people. Bring other
countries into the arms race.
whit...@gmail.com
APUSH
April 25, 2006
WWII Questions
1) The War of the Worlds broadcast showed the fear that Americans felt.
It showed that Americans were afraid of an attack on their own soil,
whether from another country or from aliens. Americans were unsure of
the stability of the world during the World Wars, and the radio had
control over their anxieties since it was their only connection to
world events.
2) Roosevelt was able to get aid to Britain despite the Neutrality acts
because he created loopholes. He created the lend-lease system where
America could either lend ships to Britain or trade for them and
benefit from it. He also created the cash and carry policy where
Britain had to pick up their aid, and pay in cash.
3) The two positions were isolationists and the others. Isolationists
feared entangling alliances and feared being dragged into the war.
Everyone else thought that the American allies were not getting the
help they deserved, and America had interests in the war.
4) The Lend-lease program made it so America wasn't just giving
Britain ships and aid. It meant that Britain would either give the
ships back at the end or the war (lending), or trade bases in British
colonies for the ships (leasing). Americans debated whether or not
this was truly neutral.
5) At the beginning of WWII, Roosevelt had already put the draft in
place to prepare for the war. Therefore, America was prepared for
tough conflict. Roosevelt had also rearranged the economy to prepare
it for wartime production needs.
6) The Atlantic Charter was a treaty between Churchill and Roosevelt
made off the coast of Newfoundland. It just put America and Britain in
a pact to destroy the tyranny of Hitler and the Nazis. It strengthened
the British-American alliance.
7) The US fell into an undeclared shooting war with Germany when they
were escorting British ships to Iceland with their lend-lease system.
The Germans torpedoed a US ship, which made the US declare that they
would fire on German boats on sight.
8) The oil stalemate caused a crisis because America would not give
Japan any goods (namely oil) until they stopped invading Manchuria.
Japan refused to stop the invasion, but without oil Japan suffered
hugely. This caused Japan's military and economy to suffer, which
made their invasions more difficult. Japan needed oil, but wouldn't
stop the invasion, so they were stuck in a paradox.
9) The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor came as such a surprise because
the Americans did not anticipate it at all. Officials that received
the report didn't process it correctly, and didn't alert everyone.
Also, the Japanese planes were detected but ignored, because everyone
assumed they were going elsewhere. Most of all, no one expected Hawaii
to be a target of the Japanese, so Pearl Harbor was not prepared in any
way.
10) The attack effectively united the Americans behind the war cause.
Before Pearl Harbor the country was divided on the war issue, but the
attack made everyone support it. Roosevelt could now justify going to
war and keep his popular support.
11) The attack on Pearl Harbor was a tactical victory for the Japanese
because it destroyed much of the American navy in one attack. However
it was a political blunder because it dragged Japan into the middle of
the war, and pitted the US against them. The US was now committed to
getting revenge, and so they were now rearing to attack the Japanese.
12) The West coast benefited the most from the government war spending
because A) it was closer to the pacific and housed many war
preparations and B) had already been receiving the most from government
relief etc., and so wartime industry soared the most in the West.
13) The war helped organized labor because the President wanted to
keep Industry running smoothly during the war. Therefore, he
recognized Union membership but prohibited strikes. Also, unemployment
all but disappeared, meaning that the newly filled jobs caused raised
union membership as well.
14) To control the economy during the war, the government passed the
anti-inflation act to control inflation. They started the War
Production Board which did not end up being very effective even though
it had a lot of powers. It created the Smith-Connelly Act to keep down
striking ability so Industry would be smooth and productive:
undisrupted by strikes.
15) New scientific developments were things like new radar for
detecting subs so they could detect the German boats at an amazing
rate. Code breaking played a major role in war, and the Allied
cracking of the Ultra proved very important in interpreting messages.
Most of all, the experimenting with bombs and nuclear power ended up
playing a major role in the war when the US dropped A-bombs on
Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
16) The US had a segregated army because racism was still very present
in the American society. Also, the leaders of the army thought that
desegregating the army would cause problems within the army like race
riots etc. that would take away from the power of the army.
17) African Americans distinguished themselves namely by wearing the
zoot suits, the characteristic suits connected to this time. They also
fought for victories such as A. Phillip Randolph's all black Union.
18) African Americans and Mexican Americans did not gain a significant
amount during the war. They gained more jobs, but were usually given
the most undesirable jobs, and did not obtain military desegregation.
Most moved to big cities, mostly in the west and north, because the
south did not have as much wartime production.
19) A. Phillip Randolph was the leader of the Brotherhood of Sleeping
Car Porter Union. He threatened to march on Washington to gain
desegregation of the wartime industry, but Roosevelt prevented the
march by negotiating with Randolph.
20) Many Native Americans joined the army, and began to be more
assimilated into American life. Roosevelt promoted giving the Native
Americans more of their tribal lands, but also supported their
assimilation.
21) The women who filled war jobs were treated mostly as workers who
would leave as soon as the men came home to re-fill the positions.
Women did gain respect as Rosie the Riveter, but war time jobs were
tough on them because they had no one to look after their kids. They
also had to keep all their parental duties raising their kids when they
got home.
22) In a sense, the war increased the image of women in their domestic
roles. Most women's jobs were likened to housework, and men viewed
their employment as a necessary but undesirable step. Also, because
women were viewed as incompetent, their jobs were often broken down
much farther so they were less valuable workers. Also, families
suffered during the war, which led men to believe that women were truly
essential in the home.
More LAter....
Eva
because the radio was often the only source of information that people
had easy access to and they developed a trust towards everything they
heard. Even if the radio assured them that the scenes described on the
radio shows were only fictional, people had learned to rely on the
radios and take everything they heard as fact or at least somewhat
true. Just like today, most people only use one main news channel or
source and take it as reliable instead of finding information from a
variety of sources.
2. FDR modified the 1st Neutrality Act (which prohibited sale of any
weapons to belligerents) and passed a new one that allowed other
countries engaged in war to purchase war materials if they paid for
them in cash and then carried them home in their own ships. This made
the trade seem more justified because at least Britain was paying for
the weapons and the US was making substantial profit without risking
its own ships. FDR also gave ships to Britain in exchange for access
to their naval bases all around the world. Roosevelt was also able to
use the public's changed opinion to support the Allies - by July
1940, the majority of Americans believed that Germany posed a direct
threat to their country.
3. One side of the debate generally supported American involvement in
the war; some groups such as the Committee to Defend America believed
in American assistance to the Allies but rejected warfare while others
such as the Fight for Freedom Committee actually called for a
declaration of war. Their opponents, such as the America First
Committee, were firmly decided on neutrality.
4. The Lend-Lease program basically cancelled the cash and carry policy
that had been previously established and simply allowed the sale of
weapons to Britain in return for loans or promises that they would be
paid for after the war. This drew the US further away from neutrality
and basically showed the public that Roosevelt was giving his full
support to the Allies. However, many people argued severely against
this new act because they thought it would tie America in with the
Allies instead of maintaining the traditional isolated position from
the war.
5. America was not focused on the possibility of war in 1939 - it was
still trying to recover its economy and deal with domestic problems
before considering the outside world. But WWII brought along thousands
of opportunities to improve the economy and unite the country in a
productive manner. Industry once again was converted towards a
military focus just like it had been in the previous war with the
establishment of War Production Board, Office of Price Admissions, and
Office of War Mobilization. Food and materials were rationed, and
propaganda was widely used to encourage financial and motivational
support from Americans. A draft was also established even during the
neutrality.
6. The Atlantic Charter was important because it established common
goals that the American and British leaders had for their countries
when the war was over. This way, the two knew exactly what they were
fighting towards and that it would result in a positive outcome. The
leaders generally agreed on peace that would be based on
self-determination for all people involved in the war, no territorial
the future and prevent entangling alliances and loyalties.
7. On a trip to Iceland while assisting a British ship carrying home
some materials, an American destroyer was attacked by German
submarines. Roosevelt then ordered the immediate attack of all German
against Germany, even if it was undeclared.
8. Japan depended on oil from American resources to fuel its ships and
other military forces. But when they violated the Open Door policy by
invading China earlier in 1940, the US was furious and refused to allow
any more resources, especially oil, to be traded to Japan. Japan tried
to negotiate some agreements to fix these problems, but the US refused.
Also, Japan had joined on the side of the Axis powers, which furthered
problems between the two countries.
9. Even though the government was aware that an attack was being
planned somewhere in the Pacific, they were not sure of its exact
location or date and supposedly did not consider Pearl Harbor as a
potential target. Officials were paying more attention to a group of
ships near China and did not prepare pearl Harbor for a potential
attack. Americans were not informed of this of course, and early in the
morning on December 7, 1941, Pearl Harbor was attacked by Japanese
planes. 2,400 Americans were killed and hundreds of planes and ships
destroyed.
10. The uncalled for attack on Pearl Harbor caught all of America off
guard because they did not expect to be blatantly attacked on their own
home front since the US had not outwardly provoked aggression. A wave
of nationalism and defensiveness spread over the nation and united the
whole country in a common cause - protect America and defeat the
enemies. Roosevelt had has difficulty bringing together the public and
convincing them that America should support the Allies because he had
no concrete reason to invest so much effort in a war not directly
connected to the US. But Pearl Harbor was a separate issue...
11. The Japanese were smart to attack the main naval base because they
reduced the power of the American navy and air force in just two hours.
America had been caught off guard and was not prepared for warfare at
that moment. However, Japan was the one who fired the "first shot"
and directly challenged the safety of all Americans. Roosevelt had been
looking for an excuse to start a war and convince the population that
war was necessary, and Japan's attack provided exactly that.
12. The West benefited most from the increased government spending for
several reasons. The West Coast became the launching point for attacks
against Japan, so facilities were created in California to deal with
military demands over there. 10% of what the government spent when
into California because of the incredible number of highways, power
plants, and military facilities that were invested in. This industrial
boom spread all across the coast and into the inner West with steel,
magnesium, and shipbuilding production.
13. Since the war basically wiped out unemployment and created over 7
million jobs for the jobless alone, union membership also dramatically
increased. However, they were limited in their effectiveness. Since
the government was more focused on keeping production up, it was less
sympathetic to union leaders and their demands. Unions agreed no to
strike during the war, and a 15% limit was set on wage increases.
14. A federal agency was actually established to control prices, wages,
rents, and rations of meat, gas, shoes, and tires (the Office of Price
Administration). It was successful in moderately controlling inflation,
but was an unpopular agency with the public. However, people responded
by creating a black market and high prices on rationed goods that
frustrated the consumers. The War Production Board then encountered
problems with controlling war purchases because the army and navy
frequently avoided it by contacting producers directly. Even with all
these problems, America was able to meet almost all of the demands of
the war.
15. The signature production tactic of America - mass production -
played an extremely important part in the war on the Allies side by
simply producing more than Germany and Japan could. Scientists also
worked to improve the quality of planes and ships to make them more
effective in warfare, as well as radar and sonar (especially the
centrimetric radar). The Gee system helped bombers to pinpoint exact
locations to attack to make them more deadly than before. But the
biggest area of technological improvement was gathering intelligence
- figuring out enemy systems, deciphering codes, and other computer
advances.
16. Riots and protests broke out when African Americans began to call
for desegregation, and discrimination was still strong throughout most
of the country in all areas. Basically the military did not want to
test out the traditionally prejudices of society at that time and risk
disrupt in the armed forces that might affect their effectiveness in
war.
17. African Americans began to made demands for more equal
opportunities in industry and the military. A. Randolph, the president
of the Brotherhood of the Sleeping Car Protests, demanded that
companies receiving defense contracts should integrate their workers or
else he would stage a march. FDR created a Fair Employment Practices
Commission in response, which was limited in power but was an important
beginning. In the military, some training camps were becoming more
integrated because of the increasing number of blacks in the force and
the need to conserve manpower.
18. African Americans wanted to improve their position in society by
joining the armed forces. They were needed desperately in the military
to strengthen its manpower and were thus better off than in the menial
jobs they had before. But they did not actually rise much in society as
a result. Many black leaders demanded integration and a civil rights
movement. Mexicans also immigrated more into the country and joined the
military, but this caused tensions because of gangs and the
inappropriate Zoot suits they liked to wear.
19. see question #17
20. About 25,000 native Americans actually did serve in the war
effort. They used their unique languages as a secret weapon by working
as "code-talkers" and speaking their own languages over the radio
to others that no one else could understand.. But reservations were
providing fewer jobs for Native Americans, so many moved out and never
returned. There was pressure to get rid of these reservations in order
to finally assimilate the Native American culture.
21. Women usually ended up with low-paying menial jobs because their
employers discriminated against gender (and race). Many jobs began to
provide machines for women to use as a replacement for heavy work.
Employers also seemed to think that women would do well with tasks that
were similar to domestic work, such as chemical mixing. But women were
very patronized and could not receive the equality they were working to
achieve.
22. Women were very limited because their employers still had the frame
of mind to only consider them as domestic workers. Even in future years
women did not attain equal treatment because of their centuries-long
traditional role in the home. And when the men returned back from
military service, many women lost their jobs and had to go back to
domestic work or other lower jobs.
23. Since the economy was flourishing at home, people had more
opportunities to engage in leisure activities. Theater, literature, and
other forms of entertainment because extremely popular as well as more
magazines and radio programs. Racetracks, casinos and dancehalls were
appeared more and more; all of these activities helped distract people
from the war and create a lighter atmosphere. Advertisement and
propaganda was used widely to encourage support for the troops though.
24. Swing music was criticized by more traditional and older white
people even though it was swiftly gaining popularity. It originated
from African American music and brought together a multiracial audience
which conservatives began to fear. It also represented a lack of moral
values because it was sensual and provocative. But it helped to
challenge conservative views of the youth culture and racial
boundaries.
25. Pearl Harbor played an important role in instilling fear and
suspicion in the minds of Americans towards Japanese in the US. Since
Japan had basically started a terrorist attack, which the country had
never experienced before, people became paranoid and hostile towards
anyone who might represent the country of Japan. The US government was
simply responding to the fears of the Americans by implementing its
anti-Japanese measures.
26. Japanese Americans were removed from society through camps because
they were considered a threat to the US (even though most of them had
been born in the US), while German Americans were still considered a
part of American society. Germans were not as easily identified as
Japanese and the government would have to go through more effort to
separate them.
27. Korematsu vs. US was a case that challeneged the constitutionality
of interning the Japanese. The Supreme Court eventually ruled that is
was against the law since they only relocated "unloyal citizens"
but left "unloyal" to be determined by the government.
28. D-Day was the day when American troops actually began to help move
the German troops stationed in France out of the country in order to
increase the Allied attack. It is significant because it is basically
the turning point in the war when the Allies began to see the end and
the victory.
29. The bomb raids in Germany and Japan were mainly done to weaken the
manufacturing and air force power of the Axis powers in order to make
the Allied attacks more devastating. The raids also succeeded in
weakening the morale of the enemy armies and civilians.
30. The Allies were successful in pushing the German armies back away
from their spread over the continent mainly thanks to US involvement.
The western front of the battle retreated to Rhineland while the Soviet
armies pushed the eatern front in the opposite direction until Gernamy
was cornered and defeated.
31. Roosevelt was determined to become president again in order to
continue the new programs and legislation he had started during the
Depression. He assured the working class that he was still on their
side and had not changed his fundamental principles. His opponent,
Dewey, was new and unfamiliar with the people. They did not earn his
approval and they chose to stick with FDR, who had also gotten them
safely through another major war.
32. The US went across the pacific battle the Japanese navy and pushing
it back away from its territories and away from the US. Its ultimate
goal was to force it to retreat back to Japan and stop spreading across
to other islands.
33. Universities worked with the government and played an important
role in research for new technology that was used in the war. The
Manhattan Project, a testing site for the atomic bomb, is a perfect
example. Researchers at MIT created the bomb at the request of the
government, and then eventually the government took over and decided to
use it in warfare.
34. He meant that he had basically become a murderer a sense that his
new invention had given people the power to kill thousands instantly.
The A-bomb was terrifying and unheard of because of its capacity for
murder and devastating effects. Oppenheimer had just developed the most
deadly weapon in the history of the world, and the immense burden of
holding such a title was finally hitting him...
35. The bombs ended the war quickly in Japan and prevented any more
death on the American side. It also created a sense of power and
control for the US. But the bombs killed thousands of innocent people
when the war was basically over anyways, and Americans could have
negotiated with the military leaders of Japan. The Americans did not
want to risk any more death to their own people, but it was morally
wrong for them to kill innocent Japanese when other measures could have
been taken instead.
elvent...@yahoo.com
WWII Questions
4/25/06
1. The novel War of the Worlds is about aliens invading the earth.
this was an entertanment broadcast that people thought was a news
bulliten and panic broke out. The radio was what people relied on for
information about new ways that thier lives will improve or worsen.
People dont want to have to worry about the earth being destroyed when
thier lives are destroyed already.
2. The US remained neutral to the extent that weaponry was
manufactured, but if Britain wanted it it had to come over to the US to
pick it up, the US couldnt go over there. if the US brought it over,
German U-boats would sink the ships thinking the US was going to attack
them.
3. This question is very weirdly worded. can someone help me?
4. The Lend-Lease program ended the cash-and-carry requirement of the
Neutrality acts. It permitted Britain to obtain all weapons from the
US on credit. Since people stilll had very isolationist views of
politics, they campaigned against it for fear of Germany declaring war
on the US.
5. The US at this time was neutral, so they didnt have much of a
standing army. However, he did convince Congress to go along with his
idea of increasing the armed forces' budget.
6. The Atlantic Charter was a document affirming what thier peace
objectives would be at the end of the war. principles for a sound peace
ncluded self-determination for all people, no territorial expansion,
and free trade.
7. The US navy was escorting British ships toward Iceland. An American
destroyer was destroyed by a German submarine. FDR decided to order all
navy ships to shoot down all German subs if they see one. The US was,
in Germany's eyes, fighting an undeclared naval war with them.
8. The US was sending oil to Europe to assist in the war. This cuts off
the oil going to Japan that is its lifeline. Japan also invaded China,
a violation of the open door policy. When asked to pul thier troops out
of China, they refused.
9. Sailors were still asleep in thier bunks, and they believed that it
would be too difficult for anyone to successfully pull of a torpedo
attack on pearl because the harbor is so shallow.
10. Everyone knew that the US will eventually be in the war. When Pearl
Harbor was attacked, it not only justified the US entering the war, it
also convinced people to rally behind the war effort.
11. In attacking Pearl Harbor, Japan messed with one of the most
powerfull nations in the world, and eventually the US dropped the
A-bomb on them. it was a victory in a sense that thier navy was able to
weaken one of the world's most powerful nation's pacific fleet,
something that would take a lot of planning.
12. Western factories, instead of building cars and refrigerators, they
build ships and fighter planes. this was the most efficient because
there was a fear that Japan would invade the west coast and people
thought the more prepared they were the better.
13. During the war peoples' wages, prices, and rents were frozen but at
the same time, cooporations were still making large profits. The
government, under the Office of Price Administration, regulated
civilians' lives by doing these things and rationing commodities such
as meat, gas, and sugar.
14. In 1943, the Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act was passed allowed the
government to intervene with buisnesses whose workers are threatening
to strike. Also prices were frozen and all labor wa going toward the
war effort.
15. The Allies were disgusted by the use of submarine warfare. They
developed sonar and radar to locate subs and bombed German naval bases.
16. Whites, even at home, resented blacks. There was still
discrimination in the armed forces even though this war was intended to
end facism and bring about democracy.
17. Many African Americans left home and either moved north to work or
joined the military. A new civil rights organization was formed, the
Congress of Racial Equality, which worked militantly in the interest of
African Americans.
18.In 1944, it was delared unconstitutional to deny anyone membership
to political parties as a way of excluding people from voting in
primaries. Many Mexican-Americans served in the military and worked in
weapon factories as well as blacks. Mexicans were also allowed to come
to the country without going through a formal immigration process.
19. A. Philip Randolph was the president of a union called the
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, insisted that the government
require companies assisting in the war effort to integrate thire
workforces. The March on Washington didnt happen because FDR was afraid
that violence would break out of he will suffer political embarassment.
FDR ordered an investigation regarding discrimination in companies.
20. Native Americans also assisted in the war effort. they left their
reservations and many never returned.
21. Women served non-combat roles in the military. About 5 million
women jioned the workforce, replacing men who had gone off to fight.
Womens' wages were far lower than those of men.
22. Before this time, there were "women's jobs" that were specified to
only be worked by women. This is the same idea as women only serving
domestic roles in society. After this time, women took jobs that were
more male-oriented.
23. People started to enjoy themselves more. They would go to dance
halls, sporting events, movies, and listen to shows on the radio.
Despite this, the government still put up propaganda theat made people
more sympathetic toward the war and remember that since this war is
going on, you should be a little more conciencious.
24. Swing music is derived from jazz, a type of music invented by
african americans and that caued racial tensions. it was also seen as
sensual and sometimes sexual dancing.
25. After Pearl Harbor was bombed, there was a lot of animosity toward
people of japanese descent. There was speculation that the Japanese
sabotaged Pearl Harbor by helping the Japanese government get
information.
26. Japan directly attacked the US. Germany did not. China was allied
with the US during the war so Americans of Chinese descent were treated
better.
27. Americans of Japanese and Geman descent were being treated badly
for something they themselves didnt directly do. In the case oF
Korematsu v. US, the sumreme court ruled that the relocation of of
those certain people wa constitutionally permissible.
28. D-day is significant because it is the largest invasion by sea in
history. US, Canadian, and British troops landed on the coast of
Normandy to liberate France from Germany.
29. In bombing these countries' industrial regions, they take away that
country's ability to make weapons. You cant fight a war without
weapons.
30. American, Soviet, and British forces were moving quickly into
Germany. Hitler killed himself, and the remaining German forces
surrendered.
31. FDR v. Thomas Dewey. THe election mostly revolved around domestic
and economic issues rather than the progress of the war. FDR's
original running mate Henry Wallace was too outspoken a liberal and FDR
wanted a more moderate figure. He selected Harry S. Truman as his new
running mate.
32. The US decided to weaken Japan by bombing its vital military
strongholds and weapons factories.
33. At the start of the war there was speculation that Germany was
devoloping an atomic bomb. The "Manhattan Project" was a plan to build
an atomic bomb as well. Columbia was one university where scientists
began chain reaction experiments with uranium.
34. I have created something that will destroy everything in its path.
I am bringing about armageddon.
35.A pro to dropping the a-bomb is the quick end to the war. A con is
the obvious high death rates it can produce.
becca
This reaction revealed the anxieties of Americans about the fragile
condition of the world. The disillusionment the public experienced
during the Depression and the onset of war in Europe left many people
feeling vulnerable. The trust they had in radio broadcasts was evident
in the mass reaction to the announcement that aliens with "death
rays" had invaded the Earth.
2. Roosevelt used the cash-and-carry sale of weapons and the Lend-Lease
Act in his initial attempts to assist the British. FDR also
establishes an embargo of Japanese goods after they sign a treaty with
Germany and Italy. The American public allowed FDR to sidestep the
Neutrality Acts and become more involved in alliances as the
isolationist mentality gave way to a fear of the spread of fascism and
the threat of Axis powers on the American sphere of influence.
3. United States participation in the European war was highly
controversial. The Committee to Defend America advocated for
supporting the allies but no military involvement, the Fight for
Freedom Committee wanted to declare war on Germany, and the America
First Committee continued to support isolationism. Basically, the two
opposing opinions of American participation were increased
participation (at various levels) and the ideas of the America First
Committee.
4. The Lend-Lease program was intended to be a compromise between the
different sentiments about American involvement. However, it brought
the Americans closer to military involvement and an official alliance
with Britain. Lending the British weapons in exchange for use of their
harbors in the Pacific created other problems; Americans also had to
give the British their old ships to get armaments to the European
front. This increased involvement created obvious issues for the
advocates of isolationism. Still, German aggression towards the Soviet
Union justified American hostility and united the American public
behind the Allies' cause.
5. In the fall of 1939, Neutrality Acts were revised to include the
Cash-and-Carry provision. Still, Americans were not confronted with
the reality of war. A selective draft and business reorganization
began, but there was no rapid mobilization or self-defensive reasons to
go to war.
6. The Atlantic Charter was important because it established an
alliance between the US and Britain before a formal American
declaration of war. After FDR and Churchill established their
friendship and unity against Germany, FDR was just waiting on a
specific reason for American involvement. In order to unite public
opinion behind a declaration of war, there had to be an established and
personal threat on American security.
7. American involvement in the war began with naval conflicts. American
goods and armaments were being shipped to Britain, and German U-boats
began to indiscriminately assault American ships. FDR ordered American
ships to fire at the U-boats on sight, and an obvious but undeclared
animosity between America and Germany was established.
8. Oil was a source of conflict between the US and Japan because Japan
was trying to reestablish their empire in Asia and the Pacific (after
losing WWI). In their pursuit of control of raw materials, Japan was
violating the Open Door policy. FDR established an embargo on Japanese
goods, and this decline in trade between the US and Japan cut off
Japan's source of oil. Because oil was necessary for military
equipment, this increased Japanese animosity towards the US.
9. American responses to hints of a Japanese attack were delayed;
communication between Pearl Harbor and Washington was not efficient or
accurate. Furthermore, the government couldn't rely on the accuracy
of the Japanese threats. They weren't willing to mobilize all of
their naval ships and cause panic in Hawaii unnecessarily.
10. Pearl Harbor provided an excuse for FDR to declare war against
Japan (Germany, because of it's alliance with Japan, would obviously
be involved). It united public opinion behind the war, so the
conflicting views of the America First Committee and the supporters of
increased military support were not a problem. Isolationist opinions
were no longer dominant; Americans enlisted, bought war bonds, cut down
on consumerism, and were definitely united behind American military
action on the European front.
11. Although the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was, for their
purposes, successful, officially bringing the US into the war was not a
good idea. America began mass-producing weapons and the army and navy
constantly challenged and often overwhelmed Axis forces. Pearl Harbor
was not drastic enough to drive FDR to sign any peace treaties with
Japan. They had enough resources and were too involved with the Allies
to submit to the Japanese.
12. Government spending during WWII was especially beneficial to
Western development. Because federal programs and funding had more
stake in the Western economy than in the more independent Eastern
states, it was easier for them to influence industrial production.
Furthermore, Japan was most threatening to the Pacific coast, and the
Western states benefited from a military presence.
13. The war increased union membership, and more immigrants, women, and
other unemployed benefited from job openings left by soldiers and job
opportunities through increased war production. However, unions also
made a no-strike pledge, which decreased their political power.
Furthermore, the Smith-Connelly Act gave the president additional
control over unions and increased limits on their right to strike.
14. The national government effectively regulated prices, production,
and, to a lesser extent, labor. The Anti-Inflation Act, the OPA, the
WPB, and the OWM, combined with new military technologies, regulated
wages and weapon production throughout the war. Public unity behind the
war also increased the effectiveness of government economic regulation.
Although labor regulation laws were passed during the war, union
unrest still caused work stoppage and a few controversial strikes
(United Mine Workers).
15. Scientific and technological advances such as radar, new
code-breaking developments, and mass production of tanks, ships, and
guns made significant contributions to the American war effort. In
peacetime, however, new military developments added to international
tensions (fear of a nuclear war after WWII).
16. Although the US was fighting a war for democracy, they had a
significant blind spot in their picture of an ideal American government
and society. Racism was a deeply rooted issue, especially in the
South, and a close examination or attempt to resolve race issues would
have torn apart the national unity of WWII society in America (at least
political unity-domestic social issues weren't addressed during
wartime, but were unearthed in the aftermath of WWII). Americans were
focused on international problems, on other people's problems-not
domestic ones.
17. African-Americans used their status as soldiers/veterans to make
demands of the American government. The FEPC and CORE were relatively
successful, and civil rights issues were addressed in the military and
challenged racist patterns of society and lay a foundation for social
change.
18. The Mexican Americans and African Americans were constantly given
menial jobs in the military and society. African Americans made a few
more advances, however, developing a foundation for military and social
advancement. More migration towards cities for both Mexican and
African Americans also added to urban tensions and increased public
awareness of the economic oppression and employment inequality that
they experienced.
19. A Philip Randolph was the president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping
Car Porters, a largely African American labor union. He lead a march
on Washington in order to force the government to enforce integration
in their work force and to require companies to comply with these
demands. FDR was wary of political embarrassment and violence, and he
promised Randolph that he would investigate this discrimination through
the FEPC.
20. WWII incorporated Indians into the military as code talkers, and
Native American youth was becoming increasingly interested in
assimilation. Still, national unity sparked a new tribal autonomy,
which made steps towards establishing new conditions on reservations
(through the Bureau of Indian Affairs).
mbbu...@yahoo.com
Maria Buruca
1. The public reaction of the War of the Worlds broadcast revealed
that many people listen to the radio closely and relied on it. It also
showed that many people had anxiety and were feeling uneased meaning
anything could spark their panic.
2. Roosevelt managed to get aid to Great Britain despite the
Neutrality Act by using a cash-and-carry policy. This meant that the
government would sell weapons and supplies to Great Britain, but they
would have to come and pick up the weapons and supplies themselves.
3. The two principle positions in the domestic debate over the degree
to which the United States should participate in the European war was
before the invasion of France, most Americans had believed that a
German victory in the war would not be a threat to the United States,
but after France was defeated many Americans believed that Germany
posed a direct threat.
4. Lend-Lease program worked by allowing the government not only to
sell but to lend or lease armaments to any nation deemed "vital to
the defense of the United States. This meant America could funnel
weapons to England on the basis of no more than Britain's promise to
return or pay for them when the war was over.
5. At the beginning of the war the shape of our military was that
Roosevelt was able to make an arms buildup. He was also able to
increase the military and the naval budget.
6. The Atlantic Charter was a statement of war aims that called openly
for the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny. It convinced the
American people to support the war
7. The shooting was because the American destroyer was attacked by a
German submarine while they were escorting British ships carrying
lend-lease materials from US shores as far as Iceland. In response,
Roosevelt ordered the navy to attack all German ships
8. Japan needed oil to help in their war effort and fuel their ships.
The only way Japan could receive oil was through America. American put
an embargo on Japan which made it increasingly harder for Japan to find
oil. Another area of disagreement was Japans invasion of Manchuria
which violated the US Open Door Policy.
9. We were caught off guard during Pearl Harbor America never thought
that Japan would actually attack their naval base and that Japan would
probably attack an easier target first.
10. The attack on Pearl Harbor help support and justify FDR's
decision to go to war.
11. The attack on Pearl Harbor is considered a political blunder on
the Japanese part because they attacked America's main navel base
killing many Americans which brought the US to war for no reason and
helped unit all Americans against the Japanese.
12. The west benefitted most from the governments spending of the war
because the west coast (California) became the base for which most
supplies were made for the war in the Pacific.
13. During the war most labor unions didn't do anything because FDR
asked that there be no strikes because he wanted production of war time
products to stay constant.
14. To regulate production the national government created the War
Productions Board which did very little to regulate. FDR also started
other agency to regulate labor and prices, but the public didn't
support it.
15. Technological advances such as radar and sonar helped the allies
immensely because it helped the detect German submarines. Code
breakers were also used in this war which helped the allies in other
wars.
16. Even though the US was fighting a war for democracy it remained a
segregated military because the US still had racist feelings and
traditions. The military didn't want to change feelings already in
many Americans.
17. During and after WWII many African-Americans began demanding equal
rights and creating organizations. To express themselves some African
Americans began wearing zoot suits, but some zoot suit riots occurred
by angry white Americans.
18. During WWII African and Mexican Americans were able to get the
factory jobs left vacant by the white males who left for war. Once the
men came back most lost their jobs which caused a tension between
whites and minorities that lasted for quite some time. Some
African-Americans joined the military, but were in segregated units
and/or had very menial jobs.
19. A. Philip Randolph was the president of the Brotherhood of
Sleeping Car Porters which was a black union. He lead a march on
Washington to get the government to require companies who received
defense contracts to be forced to integrate their work force.
20. During WWII Native Americans were involved in the war by becoming
code talkers for the military. Also, Native Americans began assimilate
into America. The government allowed this to happen and didn't force
them back onto their reservations.
21. Women who filled war jobs were treated considerable less then men
because they were treated badly and inferior, and paid less.
22. Even though women were treated poorly they did achieved
advancements by taking over general male dominated roles in the work
force. Women were given more freedom and responsibility. This
eventually sparked the feminist movement.
23. On the home front the sense of leisure was coming back. People
began going to the movies again, and also listening to the radio, and
buying newspapers and magazines. The youth culture of the 20s was
also coming back.
24. The popularity of swing music worried older Americans because it
originate from African American music and culture and people thought it
was too sexual and it represented bad morals.
25. The justification for interment by the US government of Japanese
Americans was that they were a threat and dangerous to America.
26. Japanese Americans suffered more than German Americans because
they were forced into camps. They were probably more targeted because
Japan launched a direct attack on America and Japanese American are
easer to identify then German Americans.
27. The Key issue in the case of Korematsu vs. US was whether or not it
was constitutional for America to relocate and intern Japanese
Americans. The Supreme Court ruled in was constitutional.
28. The historical significance of D-day was that America was able to
land in Europe and started pushing back the Germans and reconquering
lands taken over my Germany.
29. America attack German oil refineries and factories.
30. The Allies were finally able to win the war in Europe by attacking
Germany from all sides and forcing them back into one area.
31. The candidates in the 1944 election was FDR vs Thomas Dewy. The
main issue was Domestic issues vs world issues and FDR replaced his
running mate with Truman because the Democratic party wanted him to
change running mates.
32. The US's strategy in the Pacific was to take over the Pacific
islands of Japan.
33. The role of US colleges and universities in the war was to
research and develop new technologies. The Manhattan Project was an
example of this relationship between the military and academic worlds
because universities helped develop and test the atomic bomb.
34. What he meant was that the atomic bomb was so powerful that he
realized that it would end up being very harmful and take many lives.
35. The pros was that it ended the war quickly and didn't risk
taking more lives. The Cons is that it did take many lives and had
them die a very painful death. It was a decision of Japanese lives vs
American.
mbbu...@yahoo.com
7. The shooting was because the American destroyer was attacked by a
German submarine while they were escorting British ships carrying
lend-lease materials from US shores as far as Iceland. In response,
jedimafia
AP US HISTORY
BEN SANOFF
4/25/06
1) The Radio being a very important means of media served as a
disadvantage to Americans at that point because they believed
everything heard on it.
2) Roosevelt was able to get aid to Britain by manipulating the
neutrality acts. He used the cash and carry, and the Lend Lease Act
policies so that it wouldn't seem like the U.S gave the aid for free
or is partial. With the France defeated and Britain at the verge of
being defeated, America feared it might be their turn.
3) The two principal positions were of those who isolated themselves
from anything beyond the U.S and those who pitied the Britain and
France put could not intervene due to strict Neutrality Acts.
4) The Lend Lease Act worked by allowing Britain purchases all
ammunitions on credit. The two debates over this Act was
5) -That the U.S is not being neutral- argued by the isolationist.
6) -That we are lending to Britain who is a neighbor.
7) We were not prepared for the war at the outbreak of WWII. To prepare
us, the government organized agencies such as War Production Board and
before that the Selective Service Act was in place.
8) The Atlantic charter was important because they set out a basis for
undertakings after the war. They avoided similar mistakes made after
WWI. They wanted peace objectives that wouldn't include anyone taking
over territories- to avoid future conflicts.
9) U.S entered into an undeclared shooting war with Germany in 1941
when the German submarine attacked the American destroyer "Greer"
that escorted Lend Lease materials being transported from the U.S to
Britain by British Ship.
10) Oil was a major problem between the U.S and Germany because they
both needed it to fuel their navy and air force. And also Germany at
war at this point was not going to give up anything to the U.S. Another
area of disagreement that occurred between the two was the fact that
the U.S stooped the export of steel to all nations except for Britain,
also froze all Japanese credits and cut off Japan's access to
materials such as U.S oil.
11) It was an unexpected attacked which left the U.S disoriented at the
moment.
12) Japanese attack gave FDR the ultimate excuse to enter into World
War II
13) The attack on Pearl Harbor can be considered a tactical victory
because it was unexpected an it aimed at the U.S military base in hope
to disarm the U.S and of course prevent them from joining the war.
This turned out not to be the case, the Japanese mission backed fired.
14) The western part of the U.S benefited from the enormous government
spending because it is where all the war equipments such as ships and
planes are built.
15) ................
16) To regulate production, labor, and prices during the war, the
national government Office production Administration into effect. The
Agency was responsible for regulation almost every aspect of the
civilian lives by freezing prices, wages, rents and rationing
commodities like meat, gasoline, sugar.
17) With scientific and technological advances the Allies were able to
decipher codes, develop a radar system that detects submarines in order
to prevent warfares. The Gee system was also developed that locates and
targets exact spot that bomb is directed.
18) The level of discrimination at this point was very high, the
military feared if the force was integrated, it jeopardizes the
effectiveness of the soldiers at w ar.
19) African Americans distinguish themselves during World War II by
seeking equal rights. An advocate for equal rights during this time is
A. Phillip Randolph who was determined to march to Washington to demand
equal rights for blacks.
20) Mr. A. Phillip Randolph was an advocate for military integration at
the time of World War II.
21) The Women who filled the jobs were ill treated. They were paid very
less than what a male worker would receive. They faced discrimination
and sexism.
22) The American society began to imagine females out the realm of
domestic abilities only and where beginning to label them as people who
can work along side with men in our society.
23) The culture that developed at home was to enhance the lives of
fellow Americans to overshadow the worries about the war. Also due to
economic boom, consumer culture develop- the people were relatively
wealthy. For men fighting abroad, "regular life" is brought into
"war life" where they could enjoy some privileges- (dance, sport,
radio shows and even women), they enjoyed at home.
24) Americans were worried about the great culture popularity of swing
music because it evolved from Jazz, which was a culture that originated
from African American. And the society was not integrated to the extent
that they would want to tolerate such culture.
25) The justification for confining the Japanese that inhabited the U.S
at this point was that the posed treat to the U.S living among the rest
of the citizen. Being immigrants or descendants of Japanese, they were
suspected of feeding information to Japan.
26) The Japanese Americans suffered more than the Chinese and German
Americans because they were confined into an area where they received
poor treatments unlike Chinese and German Americans who still lived
amongst the rest of the nation.
27) The key issue of the case of Koresmatsu v. U.S questioned if it was
constitutional to relocate Japanese Americans. The Supreme Court ruled
it was constitutional.
28) The Historical significance of the D- Day, June 1944 was that it
marked the United States beaches of Normandy and began to conquer the
German troops- Germans were not able to conquer any more lands- they
began to move backwards.
29) The significance of the Allied bombing raids over Germany and Japan
was that it rendered them powerless by destroying their manufacturing
sites.
30) The Allies were finally able to win because they surrounded Germany
and Russia from all sides.
31) Candidates for election were FDR, Thomas Dewey. The issues of this
time were domestic matters and maintaining world peace. FDR replaced
his running mate, Henry Wallace with Truman because the Democratic
Party demanded a moderate person.
32) The U.S used the strategy of Island Hopping to fight Japan in the
Pacific. With this strategic, they were able to dominate crucial points
were they made use of the Navy and Air force.
33) United States colleges and Universities played crucial role of
carrying out researches such as that, which led to the development of
the Atomic Bomb. This research was specifically known as the
"Manhattan Project".
34) In this Statement, he is stating the extent of damage and death
that would result if the Atomic Bomb were utilized.
35) The Pro in stropping the Atomic bomb on Japanese cities was to
really prove to the Japanese who weren't at anytime willing to give
up that business is meant. If the Bomb had not been used by the United
States, the war would continue which would lead to more death in
relation to that caused by the A- Bomb. Also from the American
perspective- it saved the Americans from future attack and death both
soldiers and civilians at home.
The Con is unfortunately also the of Japanese lives lost and the
devastation it caused.
becca
still treated as domestic workers and not heavy laborers. Female
stereotypes, although they were prevalent in industrial factories,
could not completely prevent women from joining unions and combating
prejudices in the work force.
22. During WWII, women were able to organize into unions and develop
communities of female workers. This foreshadowed a movement for
professional and social equality for women, pursued in part because of
gains and professional justification during the war.
23. On the home front, an economic boom supported some forms of
consumerism and entertainment. Despite rationing and production
redistribution, swing music and movies created a romanticized vision of
American society. Service members were able to retain this vision of
America, and a leisurely, prosperous image of democracy increased their
motivation to win the war and return home.
24. Swing music, with its multiracial audience and provocative dancing,
received criticism from conservatives. The overwhelming popularity of
swing concerned people in the same way 1920's youth "flapper"
culture did; to some, it was morally corrupt and antagonistic towards
traditional American culture.
25. The US justified the internment of Japanese-Americans by accusing
them of conspiracy in the war, helping the Japanese armies bomb Pearl
Harbor and plan attacks on the Pacific Coast.
26. Chinese Americans and people from Europe or of European descent
(German, Italian) benefited from the social conditions of WWII. They
were becoming accepted as citizens and were not blamed for the actions
of the German and Italian armies and dictators. Japanese Americans, on
the other hand, were the focus of American animosity during the war
because of their insular communities and the American image of them as
foreigners.
27. The key issue in Korematsu v. US was the constitutionality of
relocation and internment. The Supreme Court declared relocation
constitutional, but restricted internment to those who were not
"loyal" citizens. The definition of a "loyal" citizen,
however, was left open to federal interpretation.
28. On D-Day, American forces landed in Normandy. This was their
initial involvement in land combat, and their advance against Axis
forces was successful and resulted in liberation of German-controlled
territories and a German surrender.
29. In 1944 and 1945, Allied bombing raids were successfully destroyed
German and Japanese oil refineries, railroads, and other military
resources. Japanese civilians were also targeted by atomic bombs,
which ended the war. Civilians suffered in bombings throughout the
war; both sides were relatively in discriminatory.
30. The Allies were finally able to win the war in Europe because they
were able to break up the German army, fighting from several fronts and
with more military power. The USSR, Great Britain, and the US were all
united in destroying Nazi power, which further strengthened their
cause.
31. In the 1944 presidential election, FDR ran against NY Governor
Thomas E. Dewey. His choice of Truman as his running mate was made
under the influence of more conservative party members. The election
was focused on domestic and economic issues (and FDR's deteriorating
health), despite the chaotic wartime atmosphere. FDR won, and
Democrats retained control of all branches of government.
32. The US worked to cut off Japanese resources and control islands,
from which they could launch ships and planes. Heavy casualties of
both sides eventually resulted in American advancement and increased
control of Pacific islands.
33. US colleges and universities, after losing most of their students
to the draft or wartime economic opportunities, became training camps
for soldiers and officers. The Manhattan Project shows how
intellectuals and university research facilities can assist the war
effort. Their research and development of the atomic bomb contributed
a great deal to military events and international safety.
34. Oppenheimer's statement suggests his realization that the
development of the atomic bomb would have drastic and horrifying
international effects and repercussions; he obviously regretted his
creation.
35. The issue of dropping atomic bombs in Japan became one of humanity
v. military strategy. The insanely high cost of civilian lives was
measured against potential losses of American soldiers, and Truman's
decision, although it ended the war, devastated Japan and sparked
international paranoia over the threat of nuclear warfare.
whit...@gmail.com
Whitney Wells
WWII questions
23) America was divided about many policies during the war, but almost
everyone supported the war effort. The American economy profited
greatly from the war, and that combined with the overall Nazi hatred to
produce a huge amount of support for the war.
24) Some Americans were worried by swing music because it represented
the desegregation that was just beginning to take root, as well as the
youth cultures promiscuous nature.
25) The US government justified the internment of the Japanese
Americans by saying that many Japanese Americans had aided in the
attack on Pearl Harbor, and they were a threat. Also, the government
said that it was for their own safety to protect them from rioting
Americans.
26) The Japanese American suffered more because of their alleged role
in Pearl Harbor. The Chinese Americans did not suffer nearly as much,
but sometimes felt the Japanese pain because many Americans lumped all
Asians into one group because they were too racist to try to
distinguish them.
27) The key issue in the case of Korematsu v. US was the legality of
interning the Japanese Americans. The Supreme courts ruled that the
government could intern disloyal citizens, but made no definition for
"disloyal."
28) D-Day was a major battle for the Allies. It was the beginning of
the major campaign to destroy the Nazi power, as agreed in the Atlantic
Charter. It was also a major surprise attack because the Germans
expected them to cross in a different part rather than into Normandy.
29) The Allied bombing raids killed many civilians and ruthlessly
destroyed many of the German and Japanese bases. The bombings were
very important because they destroyed much of the power of the German
and Japanese forces without engaging in armed conflict.
30) The Allies were finally able to win the war because of sheer size.
Also, the Axis powers had been engaged in hard conflict throughout the
entire war, whereas much of the Allied force was relatively unharmed.
Hitler had deplete all his army reserves, and the US entered the war
with a huge number of fresh soldiers. The Allies surrounded Germany
for their victory.
31) In the 1944 presidential election, the Republicans tried to exploit
any skepticism there was about the war. Roosevelt changed running
mates because he had a controversial VP, and the party wanted to
nominate a more moderate member of their party.
32) To fight the Japanese in the Pacific, the US split of their forces.
One force went north from Australia and the other west from Hawaii.
The two met and proceeded toward Japan with their united army.
33) The Manhattan Project illustrated the relationship between the
military and academia because the new research on nuclear power needed
top scientists researching all the time. The military was exploring
new technology and needed assistance from the academics.
34) Oppenheimer meant that the new bomb had the capacity to destroy the
world and cause unimaginable death.
35) The pros were that the US didn't have to engage in what was
estimated to be a very bloody and costly (in men) conflict. The cons
were the death of thousands upon thousands of Japanese civilians, as
well as the permanent label that America was the first and only country
to use a nuclear bomb to kill hundreds of thousands of people.
Ricky Wat
World War 2 Questions
[1] Many Americans posssessed anxiety over the present situation in
Europe, especially with the rise of fascist dictatorships, increased
military buildup, and heightened sense political tensions, Americans
were afraid that all out war would break out at any moment. Public
reaction towards the War of the Worlds broadcast mired in both panic
and outrage. Amid the rising situation in Europe and the Nazis,
Americans believed that the foreign (in this case, Martian) invasion of
the Earth, particularly the destruction of America to be too
overwhelming to concede to. It truly exposed the anxietys and fears of
Germanic foreign invasions.
[2] America reinstated its pro-Allied alliance that it adopted prior to
World War 1 by shipping arms, ammunitions, and money to the British
isles. However, based upon the lessons learned of WW1, the actual
transaction of goods between the two nations were completely different.
The Lend-Lease and Cash-Carry programs risked no American ships to be
present in the warring seas of Europe, instead, British ships would
come to America to pick up their supplies, thereby technically
circumventing the Neutrality provisions and still being 'neutral' in
Europe itself. The situation that led up to the creation of these two
programs was that there was cash profit to be made by selling supplies
to a desperate Britain and France nation.
[3] One position, the Isolationist over how America should engage in
the war in Europe was to avoid engaging all together. Another position
was that America should involve itself not militarily, but economically
(ie. sell war supplies to Europe).There was a fierce domestic debate
within America of whether or not to plunge American into European
affairs. One group reaffirmed the position of George Washington, who
preached avoiding European affairs and feared "entangling alliances" in
what could drag America into "unnecessary" warfare. The other group
affirmed that the America's economy was in a terrible shape due to the
Great Depression. Britain and France are desperately seeking war
supplies, which translates to an excellent opportunity for profit by
selling equipment, ships, guns, and tanks. The vast revenue generated
could stimulate economic growth and assist in putting an end to Great
Depression.
[4] The Lend-Lease program operated on providing British access to all
American equipments and supplies based on credit alone, instead of
cash. This would aid Britain tremendously in its desperate war efforts
agaisnt Nazi Germany because for the British, another source of money
and military hardware had been opened up to them. The national debate
over the Lend Lease was that it truly violated the Neutrality stance
that America embraced prior to the war. Isolationist feared that
increased American donations and involvment with British would increase
the likelyhood of American military involvement in the near future.
Isolationist vigorouly campaigned against this new law.
[5] Prior to the outbreak of World War two, America's economy and
industrial sectors were not prepared to satisfy the anticipated war
time production demands. There was a need for governmental control over
the industries so that America could efficiently mobolizes its vast
resources, rejuvenate its industries, and concentrates its production
capacity for the war effort. Roosevelt enhanced our potenital military
capabilities by taking control of the economy, specifying what you can
or cannot produce.
[6] The Atlantic Charter was extremely important because it was the
final steps in the emerging alliance between Great Britain and US that
cemented American involvement against the Axis powers in Europe. The
principles that this charter established was the general principles for
a sound peace would include self-determination for all people, no
territorial expansion, and free trade. The Atlantic charter affirmed
what their peace objectives would be when the war ended.
[7]In July of 1941, the presented extened US Support for Britain even
further by protecing its ships from submarine attack. He ordered the US
Navy to escort British ships carrying lend-leease mateirals from US to
Britain. The American destroyer Greer was attacked by German Submarine.
In response, Roosevelt ordered the Navy to attack all German ships on
sight. American had declared an unofficial naval war against German.
This situation resembles the situation that propelled America into war
back in World War one. America is now expose and risking its ships to
protect military war shipments to Britain. Not surprisingly, American
ships are attacked and America just guarantees itself a military naval
role in this conflicted.
[8] Oil was extremely vital to the Japanese because it fueled their
navy, army, and airforce. What fueled the Japanese war machine and
rapid expansion into Asia was oil , which America had put an embargo on
in 1940. Other areas of disagreements was Japan's blatant violation of
the Open Door policy through the invasion of Manchuria and China during
the 1931, to which America was still committed.
[9] Americans did not expect a Japanese military attack on its
territories because it's attention was more focused on European affairs
and the lingering threat of German domination over Europe at that time.
The American people was stunned by the attack on Pearl Harbor.
[10] FDR now had the public support behind the potential war effort
against Japan because America was attacked first without any
declaration of war. The American public was infuriated and impassioned
to fight the Japanese in retribution for Japanese bombing of Pearl
Harbor.
[11] The Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor introduce a powerful and
capable adversary into World War two. It was truly a political blunder
because the attack was covert and carried out without a formal
declaration of war. It underestimated the potential industrial
capability of America and underestimated the dedication of the American
public towards a war effort. It was a tactical victory because it
immbolized the powerful American pacific fleet, thus hindering any
American naval interferrence in Japanese expansion into Dutch East
indies and beyond the pacifc.
[12] The region of the Northeast benefited tremendously because that
was where all the stagnant and dead factories and industries were
located. American governmental investments towards building tanks,
aircraft, and naval ships primarily went to large industrial centers in
the Northeast. Since the Northeast already had a manufacturing base
established, most of the governmetnal production spending went towards
those manufacturing locations
[13] The Organized labor was now considered a barrier to American
mobolization for the war effort. America needed full cooperation among
all workers to dedicate and win the war by producing more military
equipment. Organized labor fell because most Americans had jobs with
good salaries. Organized labor was percieved to be anti-war because it
was hindering America to work efficiently and collaboratively in
winning the war. Opposition from organized labor ceased to exist
because Americans needed full cooperation in winning the war effort
[14] American government tried to regulate all aspect of the economy.
The US governize organized a number of special agencies to mobolize US
economic and military resources for the war time crisis. The War
Production Board was established similar to the War Board Industries of
WW1 to manage war induestries, and set production priorites , and
control raw materials.
[15] Scientific and technological innovations that emerged during World
War Two gave the allies great tactical and miltiary advantage over its
Axis oppositions. Advances such as the sonar and radar allowed the
allies to track the movement of submarines and airplanes. The creation
and deployment of the nuclear bomb was significant because it signifies
that Allied technology was monumental in helping ending world war two.
The peacetime implication for all of these were the peaceful use of
them.
[16] America was highly hypocratical in sending a segregated military
force for democratic endeavors. A segregated black and white military
force is clearly against the perfect ideals of a democracy preached by
Roosevelt.
[17] African americans distinguishe themselves from their fellow
American white soldiers by contributing to the war effort equally, if
not with more dedicate than fellow whites.
[18] Since a significant amount of white working population was sent
into armed combat in both the pacific and europe, the african americans
were called upon to fill the voids of the required labor
shortage.African americans were given opportunity to work full time in
factories to provide for the war effort. Similarly, Mexican Americans
enjoyed the same advantages in having employment as well.
[19] A. Philip Randolf led a March to Washington in 1941 to protest
racial discrimination in the armed forces. The March was cancelled
after President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt issued the
Fair Employment Act.
[20] World War Two had a dramatic impact on Native Americans as well.
They participated in the armed conflicts in Europe and Pacific. Over
250,000 left their reservations in helping to fight for the white men
that enslaved them. Indians utilized their indigenous language to
encode and send encrypted messages.
[21]Women faced obstacles in attainnig factory type jobs because it
contradicted the domestic role/image of women as caretakers of
families. Women contributed to the war effort by working in factory
jobs. They were treated with respect because their were an
indispensable asset and source of labor, and treated with respect
because they proved that they can handle the workload.
[21] The wartime workforce of America's minority and women proven
themselves that they were capable of working in factories. Their
wartime experience granted them a feeling of accomplishment and feeling
that they deserve equal opportunites for employment because they had
succesfully proven themselvse apt in world war two.
[23] Life for service members continued like normal and tried to avoid
the bad conditions in wfighting the German adversaries so that they can
efficiently take on the task the needed to.
[24] Some Americans were worried by the great popularity of swing music
because it highly resembled the heathenistic young culture than
developed prior to world war two. It represented teh deteoriation of
America's culture.
[25] The Japanese Americanswere view upon as threats to national
securities, and this is especially true in areas of the west coast and
california. After Pearl harbor, these was heightened resentment against
people of Japanese decendant. The rational for Japanese internment was
that they could not be trusted and could infiltrate America against.
[26]The Japanese had actually attacked American soil as opposed to
Germany who did not. German Americans had it much easier than Japanese
americans because they were "old stock". Chinese Americans and German
Americans enjoyed great prosperity because they gained citizeny status,
repeal Chinese exclusiion act of 1882, as well as wealth of employment
opportunites as well.
[27]The Japanese that were interned during WW2 sought compensation from
the American government for the injustice that we impose upon them. The
Korematsu vs. US declared that American treatment of Japanese american
was unfair and unconstitutional and rewarded compensation money to
those were still alive ion 1988
[28]The historical significane of D-Day was that the tide has shifted
onto the European continent. It signified that the inevitable downfall
of Nazi Germany because of the unrivaled momentum of Allied forces
sweeping and penetrating Germany occupied territory.lt signiifed
efficient collaboration between the United States and Great Britain and
mobolization of vast resources in a campaign against Nazi Germany.
[29] american B-19 bombs launched huge raids over the industrial cities
of Germany and Japan. Countless civilian casualties resulted from the
air raid bombings. The American bombing campaigns proved disastorous
for the Germans and Japanese because it wreaked havoc over their war
industries and crippled their ability to produce miltiary arms for
their war efforts. It made German and Japanese civilian wary of the war
and had psychological impact as well.
[31] Many americans felt that during a major crisis such as in a war
emergency, these should be consistency in terms of leadership. Many
felt that there should be no change in leadership because in a dire
situation such as WW2, changing new leaderships with fresh new plans
could prove disastorous.
[30]The allies were finally able to win the war in Europe because they
worked collaboratively is both military tactics and resource managemnt
in bringing down Nazi Germany. The allies attributed their ability to
win the war due to their close cooperation between each nation.
American contributed vast amounts of equipment and money to help Soviet
Union fight the Germans on the eastern front and contributed equally as
much to Great Britain as well. Close collaboration and cooperation help
win the war in Europe
[32] the Americans utilized the strategy of Island hopping in its
campaign against Japan. American amphious landing craft landed
thousands of American soldiers on small islands to gain naval and
airbases throughout the pacific as a precursor for the invasion of the
Japanese homeislands. America used these important islands as refueling
stationsa and bomber bases for the bombardment of major Japanese
cities.
[33] American govenrmental played a vital role in contributed massive
sums of money for college and university research in areas of science
and technology for military applications. The Manhattan project is an
excellent example of close collaboration between universtiies and
government in designing the powerful nuclear bomb. It symbolizd an
alliance between academic world and miltiary world because the military
relies on new innovations in technolgoy brought forth by scientist to
gain advantages on the battlefield.
[34] The atomic bomb was a powerful weapont that could destroy entire
cities. It was the most destructive device man had ever created.
Oppenheimer's comment on the destructive nature of the atomic bomb
illustrates his unease with the abusive use of such as powerful weapon.
He understands taht this device would kill hundreds of thousands of
lives and would destroy nations, possibly the world someday.
[35] The advantages of bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki include a swift
victory with no American troop casualties involved. It avoided
committed over 1,000,000 troops to X-Day invasion of Japan and avoided
prolonging the war by many years, thus, saving millions of American
lives. The bombing of Hiroshima resulted in less American and Japanese
civilian deaths than if America actually invaded the Japanese
homeislands. There are no cons to bombing Japan. It provided a swift
conclusion to a catastrophic war with Japanese unconditional
surrenderment.