On a Mac, a very good ripper/encoder (and also format converter) is XLD.
The reason the tracks on a CD are shown as AIFF on a Mac is the same reason they might be shown as WAV on a Windows machine: it's lying to you. An alternate way of saying that is it's telling you what the format of the resulting files might be if you rip them without specifying any other format.
The tracks on a CD are NOT files. An audio CD is a continuous stream of scrambled and encoded audio samples. The sectors have no headers, there's no directory. Those exist only on DATA CDs. An audio CD will seem to be different depending on what tool you use to look at it; unless it's an audio CD player, the tool lies to make the average person feel warm and fuzzy.
AIFF, while it might be a licensed format, is actually very similar to WAV. The file header is a little different, and the byte order is different, but it's a lossless uncompressed format just like WAV -- XLD will happily convert it to anything else you're likely to need (WAV, FLAC, MP3, AAC, ALAC, etc.).