nimba
Dinesh Valke
Regards.
VEENA NAIK
tanay bose
For thousands of years the beneficial properties of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) have been recognized in the Indian tradition. Each part of the neem tree has some medicinal property. Biswas et al (2002) have recently reviewed the biological activities some of the neem compounds, pharmacological actions of the neem extracts, clinical study and plausible medicinal applications of neem along with their safety evaluation.
Neem has two closely related species: A. indica A. Juss and M. azedarac, the former is popularly known as Indian neem (margosa tree) or Indian lilac, and the other as the Persian lilac. Neem has been extensively used in ayurveda, unani and homoeopathic medicine.The Sanskrit name of neem tree is Arishtha meaning 'reliever of sickness' and hence is considered as Sarbaroganibarini. The tree is still regarded as 'village dispensary' in India. The importance of the neem tree has been recognized by US National Academy of Sciences, which published a report in 1992 entitled 'Neem – a tree for solving global problems'.
More than 135 compounds have been isolated from different parts of neem and several reviews have also been published on the chemistry and structural diversity of these compounds. The compounds have been divided into two major classes: isoprenoids (like diterpenoids and triterpenoids containing protomeliacins, limonoids, azadirone and its derivatives, gedunin and its derivatives, vilasinin type of compounds and C- secomeliacins such as nimbin, salanin and azadirachtin ) and non-isoprenoids, which are proteins (amino acids) and carbohydrates (polysaccharides), sulphurous compounds, polyphenolics such as flavonoids and their glycosides, dihydrochalcone, coumarin and tannins, aliphatic compounds, etc.
Biological activity of some Neem compounds
Nimbidin, a major crude bitter principle extracted from the oil of seed kernels of A. indica demonstrated several biological activities. From this crude principle some tetranortriterpenes, including nimbin, nimbinin, nimbidinin, nimbolide and nimbidic acid have been isolated.
Biological activity of Neem compounds
Anti-inflammatory; Antiarthritic; Antipyretic; Hypoglycaemic; Antigastric ulcer; Spermicidal; Antifungal; Antibacterial; Diuretic; Antimalarial; Antitumour; Immunomodulatory etc.
Medicinal Uses
Various parts of the neem tree have been used as traditional Ayurvedic medicine in India. Neem oil and the bark and leaf extracts have been therapeutically used as folk medicine to control leprosy, intestinal helminthiasis, respiratory disorders, constipation and also as a general health promoter. Its use for the treatment of rheumatism, chronic syphilitic sores and indolent ulcer has also been evident. Neem oil finds use to control various skin infections. Bark, leaf, root, flower and fruit together cure blood morbidity, biliary afflictions, itching, skin ulcers, burning sensations and pthysis.
Immunostimulant activity
The aqueous extract of neem bark and leaf also possesses anticomplement and immunostimulant activity. Neem oil has been shown to possess activity by selectively activating the cell-mediated immune mechanisms to elicit an enhanced response to subsequent mitogenic or antigenic challenge.
Hypoglycaemic activity
Aqueous extract of neem leaves significantly decreases blood sugar level and prevents adrenaline as well as glucose-induced hyperglycaemia. Recently, hypoglycaemic effect was observed with leaf extract and seed oil, in normal as well as alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits.
Antiulcer effect
Neem leaf and bark aqueous extracts produce highly potent antiacid secretory and antiulcer activity.
Antifertility effect
Intra-vaginal application of neem oil, prior to coitus, can prevent pregnancy. It could be a novel method of contraception.
Antimalarial activity
Neem seed and leaf extracts are effective against both choroquin-resistant and sensitive strain malarial parasites.
Antifungal activity
Extracts of neem leaf, neem oil seed kernels are effective against certain fungi including Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, Microspor Trichosporon, Geotricum and Candida.
Antibacterial activity
Oil from the leaves, seed and bark possesses a wide spectrum of antibacterial action against Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms, including M. tuberculosis and streptomycin resistant strains. In vitro, it inhibits Vibrio cholerae Klebsiella pneumoniae, M. tuberculosis and M. pyogenes. Antimicrobial effects of neem extract have been demonstrated against Streptococcus mutans and S. faecalis.
Antiviral activity
Aqueous leaf extract offers antiviral activity against Vaccinia virus, Chikungemya and measles virus.
Anticancer activity
Neem leaf aqueous extract effectively suppresses oral squamous cell carcinoma induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene (DMBA), as revealed by reduced incidence of neoplasm. Neem may exert its chemopreventive effect in the oral mucosa by modulation of glutathione and its metabolizing enzymes.
Antioxidant activity
The antioxidant activity of neem seed extract has been demonstrated in vivo during horse- grain germination.
Effect on central nervous system
Varying degrees of central nervous system (CNS) depressant activity in mice was observed with the leaf extract. Fractions of acetone extract of leaf showed significant CNS depressant activity.
Possible medicinal applications of neem
Neem extract Its effective to cure ringworm, eczema and scabies. Lotion derived from neem leaf, when locally applied, can cure these dermatological diseases within 3-4 days in acute stage or a fortnight in chronic case. A paste prepared with neem and turmeric was found to be effective in the treatment of scabies in nearly 814 people100.
Neem leaf extract has been prescribed for oral use for the treatment of malaria by Indian ayurvedic practitioners from time immemorial. Recently, a clinical trial has been carried out to see the efficacy of neem extract to control hyperlipidemia in a group of malarial patients severely infected with P. falciparum. The lipid level, especially cholesterol, was found to be lower during therapy when compared to non-malaria patients. Reports are available regarding the use of neem to treat patients suffering from various forms of cancer. One patient with parotid tumour and another with epidermoid carcinoma have responded successfully when treated with neem seed oi1.
NIM- 76, a refined product from neem oil, was studied in 10 human volunteers, where intra-vaginal application before sexual intercourse could prevent pregnancy with no adverse effect on vagina, cervix and uterus. The data suggested that intrauterine treatment is safe.
sheji
On May 12, 5:45 pm, tanay bose <tanaybos...@gmail.com> wrote:
> For thousands of years the beneficial properties of Neem (*Azadirachta
> indica* A. Juss) have been recognized in the Indian tradition. Each part of
> reviewed the biological activities some of the neem compounds,
> pharmacological actions of the neem extracts, clinical study and plausible
> medicinal applications of neem along with their safety evaluation.
>
> and the other as the Persian lilac. Neem has been extensively used in
> ayurveda, unani and homoeopathic medicine.The Sanskrit name of neem tree is
> Sarbaroganibarini*. The tree is still regarded as 'village dispensary' in
> Academy of Sciences, which published a report in 1992 entitled 'Neem – a
> tree for solving global problems'.
>
> More than 135 compounds have been isolated from different parts of neem and
> several reviews have also been published on the chemistry and structural
> diversity of these compounds. The compounds have been divided into two major
> classes: isoprenoids (like diterpenoids and triterpenoids containing
> protomeliacins, limonoids, azadirone and its derivatives, gedunin and its
> derivatives, vilasinin type of compounds and C- secomeliacins such as
> nimbin, salanin and azadirachtin ) and non-isoprenoids, which are proteins
> (amino acids) and carbohydrates (polysaccharides), sulphurous compounds,
> polyphenolics such as flavonoids and their glycosides, dihydrochalcone,
> coumarin and tannins, aliphatic compounds, etc.
>
> Nimbidin, a major crude bitter principle extracted from the oil of seed
> nimbidinin, nimbolide and nimbidic acid have been isolated.
>
> Anti-inflammatory; Antiarthritic; Antipyretic; Hypoglycaemic; Antigastric
> ulcer; Spermicidal; Antifungal; Antibacterial; Diuretic; Antimalarial;
> Antitumour; Immunomodulatory etc.
>
> Various parts of the neem tree have been used as traditional Ayurvedic
> medicine in India. Neem oil and the bark and leaf extracts have been
> therapeutically used as folk medicine to control leprosy, intestinal
> helminthiasis, respiratory disorders, constipation and also as a general
> health promoter. Its use for the treatment of rheumatism, chronic syphilitic
> sores and indolent ulcer has also been evident. Neem oil finds use to
> control various skin infections. Bark, leaf, root, flower and fruit together
> cure blood morbidity, biliary afflictions, itching, skin ulcers, burning
> sensations and pthysis.
>
> The aqueous extract of neem bark and leaf also possesses anticomplement and
> immunostimulant activity. Neem oil has been shown to possess activity by
> selectively activating the cell-mediated immune mechanisms to elicit an
> enhanced response to subsequent mitogenic or antigenic challenge.
>
> Aqueous extract of neem leaves significantly decreases blood sugar level and
> prevents adrenaline as well as glucose-induced hyperglycaemia. Recently,
> hypoglycaemic effect was observed with leaf extract and seed oil, in normal
> as well as alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits.
>
> Neem leaf and bark aqueous extracts produce highly potent antiacid secretory
> and antiulcer activity.
>
> Intra-vaginal application of neem oil, prior to coitus, can prevent
> pregnancy. It could be a novel method of contraception.
>
> Neem seed and leaf extracts are effective against both choroquin-resistant
> and sensitive strain malarial parasites.
>
> Extracts of neem leaf, neem oil seed kernels are effective against certain
> *Geotricum* and *Candida*.
>
> *Antibacterial activity*
> Oil from the leaves, seed and bark possesses a wide spectrum of
> antibacterial action against Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms,
> it inhibits *Vibrio cholerae Klebsiella pneumoniae*, *M. tuberculosis* and *M.
> pyogenes*. Antimicrobial effects of neem extract have been demonstrated
> against *Streptococcus mutans* and *S. faecalis*.
>
> *Antiviral activity*
> Aqueous leaf extract offers antiviral activity against Vaccinia virus,
> Chikungemya and measles virus.
>
> Neem leaf aqueous extract effectively suppresses oral squamous cell
> carcinoma induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene (DMBA), as revealed by
> reduced incidence of neoplasm. Neem may exert its chemopreventive effect in
> the oral mucosa by modulation of glutathione and its metabolizing enzymes.
>
> The antioxidant activity of neem seed extract has been demonstrated in vivo
> during horse- grain germination.
>
> Varying degrees of central nervous system (CNS) depressant activity in mice
> was observed with the leaf extract. Fractions of acetone extract of leaf
> showed significant CNS depressant activity.
>
>
> *Neem extract *Its effective to cure ringworm, eczema and scabies. Lotion
> diseases within 3-4 days in acute stage or a fortnight in chronic case. A
> paste prepared with neem and turmeric was found to be effective in the
> treatment of scabies in nearly 814 people100.
>
> Neem leaf extract has been prescribed for oral use for the treatment of
> malaria by Indian ayurvedic practitioners from time immemorial. Recently, a
> clinical trial has been carried out to see the efficacy of neem extract to
> control hyperlipidemia in a group of malarial patients severely infected
tanay bose
Narasimha Murthy Soma
Dr. Hari Venkatesh K Rajaraman
Good photos Sheji ji...
Thank you Tanayji for this wonderful information...
Dr.Simkin Surya
Varatwacha- Bark is the useful part
Sutiktaka- One of the best Bitter drug
Arishta- Eradicates number of Diseases
Krimighna - Used in Helminthiasis
Pichumarda- Used in Skin diseases
Chardana - It induces vomoting
See how nicely our Acharyas explains a plant only with Synonyms....As
Hariji told earlier , Synonyms were a best medium to convey the
knowledge of plant to others. by the Synonyms they cover each and
every aspects of a plant. and which was easy to remember also.
On May 12, 8:13 pm, "Dr. Hari Venkatesh K Rajaraman"
Dr. Hari Venkatesh.K.Rajaraman
VEENA NAIK
VEENA NAIK
about laeves and fruit different action and properties are given.
Dr.Simkin Surya
>
>
>
> > Wel-come Sheji,ji
>
> > Thanx Tanay ji, for wonderful piece of information....
>
> > Really Simkin ji, it created interest to know the synonyms of drugs, as
> > it make us to know the
> > every aspect of a plant acc to
> > acharyas.........Thanx for that...
>