PROSPERO accepts registrations for systematic reviews, rapid reviews and umbrella reviews. PROSPERO does not accept scoping reviews or literature scans. Sibling PROSPERO sites registers systematic reviews of human studies and systematic reviews of animal studies.
Before registering a new systematic review, check PROSPERO and the resources on COVID-END to see whether a similar review already exists. If so, please do not duplicate without good reason. Your efforts may be much more useful if switched to a different topic. This will avoid research waste and contribute more effectively to tackling the pandemic.
We receive many emails enquiring about progress. As answering these takes time away from processing registrations, please email only if absolutely necessary. We are working hard to process registration requests as quickly as possible. If your enquiry is related to a COVID-19 registration please add #COVID-19 to your subject line.If you do not already have a PROSPERO account, you will need to create one to register a review
To allow the PROSPERO team to focus on COVID-19 and to avoid further delay, during the pandemic all submissions that have been waiting for registration for more than 30 days and which pass a basic automated check will be published automatically. The PROSPERO team will not check these submissions; this will be stated clearly on the published record. Records will be published exactly as submitted; therefore extra care should be taken to ensure that submitted information is accurate. Submissions which do not pass the basic automated check will be automatically rejected.
We are receiving a large volume of emails enquiring about progress. As answering these takes time away from processing records, please only email should if it is absolutely necessary. If your enquiry is related to a review on COVID-19 registration please add #COVID-19 to your subject line. For other reviews please allow at least 14 days from submission before enquiring about progress.
Students: We do not (have the resources to) register reviews done as part of training courses, modules or other 'mini' reviews. Feel free to use the system in your learning and to help you develop a full protocol, but do not press the button.
PROSPERO includes protocol details for systematic reviews relevant to health and social care, welfare, public health, education, crime, justice, and international development, where there is a health related outcome.
Systematic review protocols on PROSPERO can include any type of any study design. Reviews of reviews and reviews of methodological issues that contain at least one outcome of direct patient or clinical relevance are also accepted.
Previously, we accepted registrations provided the reviewers had not completed their data extraction but, from 1st October 2019, we will only accept reviews provided that data extraction has not yet started.
We hope that this will reduce the potential for bias by reducing the opportunity for data extraction to lead to conscious or subconscious effects on the review, for instance by influencing decisions to include or exclude certain items in order to shape a review so that it reaches a desired conclusion.
Registering reviews that are never performed is unhelpful to the research community and may discredit the research team.
You should therefore have the necessary resource in place to complete the review before you register your protocol (notification of award of research funding or firm commitment that author time is available for unfunded projects).
PROSPERO relies on the integrity of researchers for the accuracy of the data supplied, and the named contacts are accountable for the content of their records. We routinely monitor the time frame given in submissions and seek clarification where this appears overly ambitious prior to confirming registration and providing a PROSPERO registration number. Amendments and updates to the record are made transparent in the audit trail within each record.
On rare occasions, peer reviewers and editors using PROSPERO to compare what was planned with what is reported in the final manuscript, have identified that the initial registration date in PROSPERO post-dates the manuscript submission date to the journal. In these cases the logical explanation is that the stage of review was inaccurately completed in the PROSPERO registration form; otherwise the submission would have been rejected. In such cases, the named contact will be alerted to the issue and given the opportunity to respond within two weeks. If it is confirmed that incorrect information was provided, or no response is received, the content of the PROSPERO record will be removed, leaving the title and the details of the named contact and the following statement:
Since publication of this record it has been established that information provided initially about the stage of the review and anticipated completion date was inaccurate. The review had actually progressed beyond the stage of eligibility for PROSPERO.
Prospective registration aims to facilitate the comparison of reported review findings with what was planned a priori in the protocol. Reviews should ideally be registered before screening against eligibility criteria commences. However, reviews are currently accepted provided they have not progressed beyond the completion of data extraction.
PROSPERO is an international database of prospectively registered systematic reviews in health and social care. Key features from the review protocol are recorded and maintained as a permanent record in PROSPERO. The aim is to provide a comprehensive listing of systematic reviews registered at inception, to help avoid unplanned duplication. By promoting transparency in the process and enabling comparison of reported review findings with what was planned in the protocol PROSPERO also aims to minimise the risk of bias in systematic review.
Registering reviews that are never performed is unhelpful to the research community and may discredit the research team.
You should therefore have the necessary resource in place to complete the review before you register your protocol (notification of award of research funding or firm commitment that author time is available for unfunded projects).
Registration forms are checked against the eligibility criteria for PROSPERO and if they meet the inclusion criteria are checked for clarity of content before being approved and published on the register, returned for clarification or rejected. We endeavor to provide an update within five working days. However if you wish to enquire on the progress of your submission please contact the administration team by email using the details on the contact page.
Once published on the register, the record will again become accessible for future editing. However the original document submitted will remain in the register to provide a permanent record for the audit trail and for reference. The form can also be saved as a pdf or word processing document if you want to share with others working on the review before submitting.
Should your submission be rejected for registration the record will then be locked and no further edits can be made. Further access to the record for editing is not then possible without contacting us by email using the details on the contact page.
Changes, amendments and updates can be made to a published record by signing in, going to My PROSPERO records and opening the saved record. Once the changes have been made you must click the Submit button. You will then be asked to give brief details of the changes made. The information entered here will appear in the public record and should inform users of the database of the nature of the changes made (e.g. removed one of the outcome measures; changed the anticipated completion date).
All submitted edits and changes to a PROSPERO record will be recorded, dated, and made available within the public record audit trail. The most recent version will appear with previous versions accessible from dated links on the right-hand side of the screen, with the revision notes.
If you decide to update the registration of a review you have already completed, you can access the record by signing in and going to My PROSPERO records. You can make changes to the protocol and submit it as an update and it will be processed as for a new review. It is important to decide if you are updating a review, or in fact because of changes to the protocol, are doing a new review. The following definitions have been provided to help you decide.
It can be difficult to decide whether an update to a review is in fact a new review. There is little published guidance on this. PROSPERO adopts a pragmatic approach. If changes to the review questions or methods are so substantial that they require major changes to the original protocol, this should be regarded as a new review rather than an update. Examples that would constitute a new review:
If in doubt, a new record for a new review should be created. This will minimise the complexity of the editing to the original record in PROSPERO and make it easier for users to distinguish between the original review and the later version. Links between the new and original review can be added in field #37 in the registration form.
SPECIAL NOTES:
We accept information in good faith and rely upon the integrity of researchers to ensure the validity of all the data presented in PROSPERO records. Action will be taken if inaccuracies in data, particularly stage of review and anticipated completion date, are identified at any time.
PROSPERO records need to be fully searchable so the information requested needs to be in the fields, even if access to a protocol is given in Field 34. The records are permanent but links are not. We therefore do not accept submissions that refer the reader to the protocol without providing the basic information in the fields.
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