You have to wait until Google indexes the post which has a link to your blog post. Then the link of that post will appear under "Links to This Post" on the post page. This link has the no-follow tag on it. Which means that Googlebot will not follow that link back to the originating post and index it. Hence the originating post does not get any "link-love" though it has given it to you.
Here is how to give the originating post some of your link-love back. Login to Dashboard and click on Layout. Then click on Edit Html subtab of Template tab. First backup Template by clicking the Download Full Template link. Then put a check in the Expand Widgets Template checkbox. Scroll down till you come to this code in the Blog Posts widget :
Delete the code in red and save the template. Now GoogleBot will follow the backlinks back to the original post which will also gain from having mentioned your blog/post. You can also mention in a prominent place in your blog that backlinks are FOLLOWED and thus encourage people to link to your blog/posts. See this badge I have inserted to show that my backlinks are followed :
If you want to insert it in your template Login to Dashboard and click on Layouts. Then click Edit Html subtab of Template tab. First backup your template and then put a check in Expand Widgets Template box and scroll down till you come to this code in BlogPosts widget :
<div id='backlinks-container'>
Paste the line below immediately below the above line :
If you want another just after the backlinks paste the img src line code again just before the closing tag for the backlinks-container. These images will appear before and after your backlinks on the post page.