That will depend on the library you are planning to use with Blockly, and what you build around Blockly. On its own Blockly just runs in a browser, you can think of it as being a textfield in an html file, you can write your code on it and use javascript to retrieve it, how you compile it, execute it, or interface with the computer running it depends on you.
There are quite a few projects that use Blockly to generate code and then compile it or execute it one way or another (there is list in
https://developers.google.com/blockly/about/examples , but there are many more). Blockly itself comes with examples, one of which has a JS interpreter that executes in the browser (
https://blockly-demo.appspot.com/static/demos/index.html).
So, if you can build an application that can execute code written using a firmata library and communicate with an Arduino using bluetooth (generally this is just sending data through a serial port, if the arduino has the bluetooth module connected to the UART RX and TX pins), then you can use Blockly to generate that code.
There might be projects out there with something similar to what you need (not necessarily using Blockly), that you could use to leverage a lot of the work to implement this, but I am not very aware of firmata projects. Maybe somebody else could suggest a similar kind of project?
Kind regards,
Carlos