That's not possible in TypeScript. You can't modify the definition of a type after it's been created, and the type of a module is defined by the exports in the module file. Think about it -- how would code in a third file be able to know what type Blockly.JSON is?
However, there's also no specific need for your generator to be added to the Blockly namespace. If you're using modules, then code that wants to use the JSON generator can just import it directly. So instead of "Blockly.JSON =", just use "export default".
/s/ Adam