Fwd: O avtidpactikos movtepvicmos tou Nikou Eggovonoulou
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[Sthv ictocelida unapxei kai fwtogpafikh cullogh deka nivakwv tou
Nikou Eggovonoulou]
O avtidpactikos movtepvicmos tou Nikou Eggovonoulou
tou Giwpgou TTiccalidh
Evas ano tous megalutepous eknpocwnous ths Pizocnactikhs De3ias kai
tou E8vikicmou, nou omws akoma dev avagvwpicthke ws tetoios, eivai o
uneppealicths zwgpafos kai noihths Nikos Eggovonoulos, ctov onoio to
Ynoupgeio TToliticmou afiepwce thv xpovia tou 2007. Evw to Mouceio
Mnevakh opgavwce mia avadpomikh ek8ech gia ta 100xpova ano thv gevvhch
tou.
Ti eivai omws o uneppealicmos; Sumfwva me tov kupio 8ewphtiko tou, tov
noihth Avtpe Mnpetov, o uneppealicmos (h couppealicmos) eivai evas
«ka8apos yuxikos automaticmos, me tov onoio 8a mnopouce va ekfpactei h
npagmatikh leitoupgia ths ckeyhs. O automaticmos autos unagopeuetai
ano thv ckeyh, me thv anoucia ka8e elegxou ths logikhs, xwpis kaveva
aic8htiko h h8iko melhma». Skonos tou uneppealicmou htav o cuvduacmos
tou favtactikou ctoixeiou kai tou oveipou me to pealictiko ctoixeio
ths npagmatikothtas gia thv dhmioupgia evos tpitou eninedou, nou htav
auto nou ovomazotav uneppealictiko. Gia va to netuxei xphcimonoiouce
thv automath gpafh, thv yuxavaluch h akoma kai tov unvwticmo.
O uneppealicmos npocna8hce va 3enepacei tov dixacmo ths Dutikhs Skeyhs
avameca ce ckeyh kai dpach, npagmatikothta kai favtactiko, nveuma kai
ulh. TTpokeitai cthv oucia gia mia cuvexeia ths nolemikhs evavtia cthv
kupiapxia ths yuxphs Logikhs nou eixe 3ekivhcei me tov Pomavticmo tou
18ou kai 19ou aiwva (Mnlehk, Mnaupov, Selleu, Xailvtepliv), kai tou
onoiou o Soupealicmos kai o Facicmos 8ewpouvtai oi duo anogovoi ctov
20o aiwva.
To 1935 o Avdpeas Emneipikos ekdidei thv npwth tou noihtikh cullogh
«Yyikamivos» kai gevvatai o ellhvikos uneppealicmos. Akolou8ouv oi duo
npwtes noihtikes culloges tou Eggovonoulou «Mhv omileite ctov Odhgo»
(1938) kai «Ta Kleidokumbala ths Siwnhs» (1939). Telos o Eluths
ekdidei tous «TTpocavatolicmous» (1939).
Omws evw o Eluths bphke amecws anhxhch kai avagvwpich, dev egive to
idio me tov Niko Eggovonoulo. H npwth tou cullogh egive ctoxos adawv
kpitikwv kai eni8ewphciogpafwv. Evw h npwth tou ek8ech egive ce eva
adeio cniti filwv kai to epgo tou note dev cumnepilhf8hke cthv ethcia
Ek8ech E8vikhs Texvhs ths kubepvhcews Meta3a (ce avti8ech me thv
filokatoxikh kubepvhch).
To uneppealictiko kivhma 8a wpimaze, yuxologika kai kallitexvika, meca
ctov nolemo. O Eluths kai o Eggovonoulos 8a katataccotav cto ellhviko
ctpato cthv diapkeia tou Albavikou Enous. O npwtos, xpovia apgotepa,
8a egpafe tov «Xamevo Av8unoloxago tou Albavikou Metwnou». Evw o
Eggovonoulos ev mecw katoxhs tov «Mnolibap».
TTpokeitai gia evav eniko noihma, enikevtpwmevo ctov Simwva Mnolibap (h
Mnolibap, onws tov anokalei), tov megalo hpwa ths Notioamepikavikhs
Ave3apthcias. H apxh tou «Mnolibap» 8umizei evtova thv noihch tou
Avdpea Kalbou:
«Gia tous megalous, tous eleu8epous, gia tous gevvaious, tous duvatous
Apmozouv ta logia ta megala, ta eleu8epa, ta gevvaia, ta duvata
Gi' autous 8a nw ta logia ta megala ta wpaia nou mou ta unagopeuce h Emnveucis,
ka8ws efwliace cta ba8ia tou mualou mou olo cugkivhch
Gia tis mopfes tis aucthpes kai tis unepoxes, tou Oduccea Avdpoutcou
kai tou Simwva Mnolibap»
Auth h enilogh Mnolibap kai Avdpoutcou dev givetai movo eneidh kai oi
duo eivai e8vika cumbola, alla kai giati htav eleu8epoi, movoi kai
nepa ano to kalo kai to kako. O Eggovonoulos fwvazei ctov hpwa:
«Mnolibap eicai tou Phga Feppaiou naidi». Etci o «Mnolibap»
metatpenetai ce nagkocmio cumbolo Eleu8epias olwv twv lawv, olwv twv
tonwv. Evw kanou allou dhlwvei: «Mnolibap, eimai gios cou». TTpagma nou
chmaivei oti o Mnolibap tou noihmatos eivai o idios o Eggovonoulos,
evas noihths-nolemicths, evas noihths ths TTevas kai tou 3ifous.
Omws o noihths 3epei oti o hpwikos avdpiavtas olwv twv Mnolibap 8a
katedafictei ano ekeivous tous mikpoactous gia tous onoious o 8opubos
ths Eleu8epias eivai ekkwfavtikos. Gia auto cto telos tou noihmatos
tov pwta: «Stpathge, ti gupeues cthv Lapica, ecu evas Ydpaios;». H ti
gupeuei evas av8pwnos tou hpwicmou kai tou nolemou ctov kocmo twv
emnopwv;
Movo metanolemika 8a epxotav h avagvwpich, xapis ce eva keimevo tou
Avdpea Emneipikou onou egpafe: «Nikolae Eggovonoule, h wpa ths do3hs
cou ef8ace npo nollou kai eivai ctpaboi kai kakonictoi ocoi akomh dev
to blenouv». Evw tov anokalouce timhtika «bpaxo tou Elmnacap» kai
«davtella tou Bocnopou», avafepomevos cthv Apbavitikh kai
Kwvctavtivonolitikh katagwgh.
Stis apxes ths dekaetias tou '60 8a 3ecnacei mia diamaxh gia to kata
noco o Eggovonoulos, o Eluths kai o Emneipikos unhp3av npagmati
uneppealictes. O idios o Eggovonoulos eixe dhlwcei oti «Dev egive note
mepos tou uneppealicmou giati etci gevvh8hka». Evvowvtas oti eblene
navta thv zwh ws napalogh ano mikph hlikia.
Omws thv nio cwcth anavthch navw cto 8ema thv divei o aeimvhctos
Dhmhtpios Tcakwvas cthv «Ictopia ths Neoellhvikhs Logotexvias kai
TTolitikhs Koivwvias»: «H diakpich tou uneppealicmou ce metpiona8h kai
ce eleu8eph kai ce eleu8eph automatikh gpafh eivai anapaithth. Dioti,
evw o metpiona8hs uneppealicmos avtanokpi8hke cthv idiotunia tou
veoellhvikou nveumatos, nou anoteleitai ano icxupa napopmhtika, alla
kai ano elloga ctoixeia kai mnopece va evcwmatw8ei leitoupgika kai va
afomoiw8ei dhmioupgika cthv logotexvia, o uneppealicmos nou cthpizotav
movaxa cthv automatikh gpafh, kata mimhch 3evwv npotunwv dev afhce
biwcima ixvh cthv noihch mas. Evw o npwtos cuvde8hke me tis napadoceis
mas kai ta koivwvika mas npoblhmata, o deutepos emeive cthv kaluteph
nepintwch , mia afaipech kai cth xeipoteph mia maviepa. Eva 8ema nou
ce diafopo ba8mo, ektos ano tov TT. Wpologa (c.c. gvwctos
e8vokoivwvicths kpitikos logotexvias tou meconolemou ), 8igetai kai
ano to M.Vitti( c.c. tov kalutepo melethth tou Eluth) eivai h
map3izouca anoyh oti o ellhvikos uneppealicmos ths akmhs napw8h8hke
enithdeia ano thv nolitikh hgecia npos luceis de3ias anoxpwchs. Auto
ekave tous fopeis tou (Eluth, Emneipiko, Eggovonoulo, Gkatco k.l.n) va
tpanouv npos mia cuvthphtikou tunou ellhvikothta, evw eav emevav
nictoi cto gpamma tou uneppealictikou mavifectou enpene va htav
apictepoi».
Me alla logia, h Ellhvikh Apictepa dev cugxwphce note ctous Ellhves
uneppealictes oti unhp3av De3ioi, evcwmatwvovtas me toco na8os kai
fucikothta (kai oxi cuvwmotika) cto epgo tous thv latpeia ths Fuchs,
ths TTapadochs, ths Op8odo3ias kai thv ictopikothta tou Ellhvicmou. To
1998, o ka8hghths chmepa tou Apictoteleiou TTavenicthmiou Takhs
Kagialhs egpafe cto 8eccalovikiwtiko logotexviko nepiodiko
«Evteukthpio»: «ta pizocnactika aic8hmata nou eggpafovtai cto epgo twv
Eluth, Eggovonoulou kai Emneipikou napanemnouv eu8ews cthv ideologikh
napadoch ths pizocnactikhs De3ias». Evw to napado3o navtpema
uneppealicmou, nou cthv apxikh tou evvoia anoppintei thv idea ths
TTapadochs, kai ths Ellhvikothtas (cwbivicmo onws thv anokalei o idios)
nou unapxei cto epgo tous, to ovomace «avtidpactiko movtepvicmo».
TTapanemnovtas etci cthv npwtofacictikh diavohch twv Ezpa TTaouvt,
Maptiv Xaivtegkep kai Ocbalvt Snevgklep nou anozhtoucav eva navtpema
E8vikicmou, avop8ologicmou kai avti-ulictikh xphch ths texvologias.
Facictas loinov o megalos mas vomnelictas; Facictas kai o cuggpafeas
tou «Mnolibap», tou «Ymvou npos thv Eleu8epia» ths «gevias tou '30»;
Eite omws tous anokaleceis facictes, eite noihtes ths klaccikhs h
pizocnactikhs De3ias (onou o e8vikicmos cuvunapxei me thv Eleu8epia),
o Eluths, o Emneipikos kai o Eggovonoulos mas afopouv. Kai eivai meca
ano to npicma tou avtidpactikou movtepvicmou nou 8a npenei va doume
toco thv noihch oco kai to zwgpafiko epgo tou Nikou Eggovonoulou.
Katapxhv to 8ema ths Ellhvikothtas htav navta napov cthv zwgpafikh tou
Eggovonoulou. O aganhmevos tou ka8hghths cthv Sxolh htav o
Kwvctavtivos TTap8evhs, ano tov onoio kpathce to opama ths aneikovichs
ths diaxpovikothtas tou ellhvicmou onou 8a mnopoucav va cuvunapxouv oi
kwdikes ths ideologias tou ka8e kallitexvh.
Evas allos megalos dackalos unhp3e o Fwths Kovtoglou. O Kovtoglou htav
ekeivos nou tou ema8e ta muctika ths Buzavtivhs kai metabuzavtivhs
texvhs. Htav ekeivos enichs nou tou ema8e thv unepbatikothta ths
Buzavtivhs Texvhs, dhladh ths duvatothtas va 3enepva tis
cumbatikothtes ths fucikhs npagmatikothtas, nou htav kai to zhtoumevo
tou uneppealicmou. Etci o Eggovonoulos eluce to npoblhma tou
uneppealicmou mecw ths Buzavtivhs Texvhs! Mias texvhs nou eivai mh
Dutikh kai mh op8ologictikh, cumfwva kai me tis enitages tou
kivhmatos.
Onws tovizei o Ale3hs 3udhs: «o Eggovonoulos eviwce icxuph el3h gia
thv buzavtivh texvh, icws giati tov gohteue toco to aic8hma ths
napadochs nou eixe meca tou». Auth h enidpach dev unapxei movo cto nio
cumbatiko epgo tou (agiogpafies h napadociaka cnitia ths Dutikhs
Makedovias). Ynapxei diaxuth ce olo to epgo tou. Ekei omws nou h
zwgpafikh ths Op8odo3ias ekmhdevizei to av8pwnivo cwma kai napouciazei
tis figoupes cxedov aules, oi mopfes tou Eggovonoulou npoballouv
capkwdeis kai lamnepes anoktwvtas mia tpicdiactath unoctach.
Telos mia megalh enidpach unhp3e o Tzwptzio vte Kipiko, o kupios
eknpocwnos ths metafucikhs zwgpafikhs, nou aneikovize favtactikes
noleis gemates 8eatpikothta, onou kupiapxoucav h ano3evwch, to
anokocmo kai h aic8hch ths anwleias. Autov tov anokocmo kocmo tou Nte
Kipiko tov katagpafei ce eva ano ta noihmata tou: «Omws 3afvou, mi´
avekfpacth agwvia nlakwce thv kapdia mou. Oi av8pwnoi autoi dev eixav
matia! Tous eixa npoce3ei: hdh me avhcuxouce to blemma tous!»
Autoi oi av8pwnoi dixws matia emfavizovtai ce olous tous nivakes tou
Eggovonoulou. Eivai ta avdpeikela nou 8umizouv 3uliva mavekev pantwv.
Evw omws ta avdpeikela tou Nte Kipiko napanemnouv ce mia anokocmh
eikova, ta avdpeikela tou Eggovonoulou eivai gemata zwh kai
zwgpafizovtai me evtova xpwmata, tovizovtas etci to diovuciako nveuma
kai thv katafach cthv zwh nou kupiapxei cto epgo tou Eggovonoulou.
Avdpeikela eivai cta epga tou oloi tou oi hpwes tou Ellhvicmou ano tov
Qhcea ctov Ai Giwpgh. Movadikh e3aipech o Phgas Fepaios, mias kai tov
8ewpouce ws aiwvio cumbolo ths ka8e E8vikhs Enavactacews. TTpocwnika
nicteuoume oti ta avdpeikela cumbolizouv tov ka8hmepivo av8pwno kai to
oti o ka8evas mnopei va tautictei h kai va metatpanei ce hpwa. Omws
auta ta avdpeikela cuvduazovtai me acxeta faivomevika uneppealictika
cumbola. TTolloi nicteuouv oti npokeitai gia acteio tou zwgpafou kai
avatponh tou e8vikictikou 8ematos. Onws eine kai h Nikh Loizidou cto
dihmepo cuvedpio gia tov Eggovonoulo: «Av dev npokeitai gia
coupealictiko neipagma nou avatpenei to 8ema tou, onws zhtage o
Mnpetov cthv «Av8ologia tou Maupou Xioumop», tote exoume mia «e3allh
ellhvolatpeia» onws gpafei ctov «Mnolibap», evav akpato fuleticmo».
Auto eivai loinov, nou tpomazei tous apictepous melethtes tou
Eggovonoulou: h Ellhvolatpia tou. E3allou o idios eixe nei oti ekeivo
nou tov fobizei ctov 8avato eivai oti dev 8a mnopei va dhlwvei nleov
thv ellhvikh i8ageveia tou. Evw dhlwve: «Icws eimai megaloideaths.
Omws to oveipo ths Agias Sofias dev eivai pomavticmos, eivai
uneppealicmos. 3ekivhca va ta nw ola me xpwmata kai ctixous. Kai
3afvika bapbapos cta8hke mnpocta mou o Toupkos». Telos anodexotav thv
npotponh tou Emneipikou oti ta mova npagmata nou a3izouv cthv zwh
eivai o Epwtas kai to Sna8i. Kai otav leei Sna8i, evvoei thv TTolemikh
Apeth, tov Hpwicmo, onws tov nepigpafei ctov «Mnolibap».
Ekeivo telika nou aneikovizouv oi nivakes tou eivai h evvoia ths
TTapadochs kai ths Ellhvikothtas, oxi omws me tov mouceiako tpono nou
to kavei h laogpafia. Onws gpafei h Katepiva TTepniviwth- Agkazip cto
biblio ths «Nikos Eggovonoulos: O Zwgpafikos Kocmos tou» (Ekdoceis
Mouceio Mnevakh): «o ellhvokevtpicmos tou npoballei me tpono ka8apa
autobiogpafiko ta ctoixeia tou x8es kai tou chmepa kai avtictpofa.
Katagpafei tov eauto tou kai tous nveumatikous tous cuggeveis xwpis
xpovikous, ictopikous kai fuletikous nepiopicmous, cuv8etovtas me
dhmioupgikh au8aipecia ckhves unapktes cto mu8o , cthv ictopia h cthv
favtacia, cav va fwtogpafize to nepiballov tou kai tous cuggeveis tou
me evav uneppealictiko fako». Etci o avtidpactikos movtepvicmos tou
Eggovonoulou metatpenei thv TTapadoch ce eva zwvtavo mepos mias
napaloghs ka8hmepivothtas, avakhpuccomevos cthv E8vikictikh Texvh tou
Aupio.
[To ap8po dhmocieu8hke cto teuxos 7 (Dekembpios 2007) tou mhviaiou
nepiodikou Patria <http://www.patriamag.gr/>.]
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