A video file normally consists of a container (e.g. in the Matroska format) containing visual (video without audio) data in a video coding format (e.g. VP9) alongside audio data in an audio coding format (e.g. Opus). The container can also contain synchronization information, subtitles, and metadata such as title. A standardized (or in some cases de facto standard) video file type such as .webm is a profile specified by a restriction on which container format and which video and audio compression formats are allowed.
The coded video and audio inside a video file container (i.e. not headers, footers, and metadata) is called the essence. A program (or hardware) which can decode compressed video or audio is called a codec; playing or encoding a video file will sometimes require the user to install a codec library corresponding to the type of video and audio coding used in the file.
Good design normally dictates that a file extension enable the user to derive which program will open the file from the file extension. That is the case with some video file formats, such as WebM (.webm), Windows Media Video (.wmv), Flash Video (.flv), and Ogg Video (.ogv), each of which can only contain a few well-defined subtypes of video and audio coding formats, making it relatively easy to know which codec will play the file. In contrast to that, some very general-purpose container types like AVI (.avi) and QuickTime (.mov) can contain video and audio in almost any format, and have file extensions named after the container type, making it very hard for the end user to use the file extension to derive which codec or program to use to play the files.
The free software FFmpeg project's libraries have very wide support for encoding and decoding video file formats. For example, Google uses ffmpeg to support a wide range of upload video formats for YouTube.[1] One widely used media player using the ffmpeg libraries is the free software VLC media player, which can play most video files that end users will encounter.
Because video files can be large, programs called codecs were developed to make them easier to store and share. Codecs encode data to compress it for storing and sharing. Then they decode that data to decompress it for viewing and editing. The most common codec for video compression is H.264 or AVC.
Audio file formats or file extensions are the containers or wrappers for these codecs. As with lossy audio file formats, most video formats lose data in compression. Which format you choose depends on the balance you want to strike between quality and ease of use.
MOV (QuickTime Movie) stores high-quality video, audio, and effects, but these files tend to be quite large. Developed for QuickTime Player by Apple, MOV files use MPEG-4 encoding to play in QuickTime for Windows. MOV is supported by Facebook and YouTube, and it works well for TV viewing.
AVI (Audio Video Interleave) works with nearly every web browser on Windows, Mac, and Linux machines. Developed by Microsoft, AVI offers the highest quality but also large file sizes. It is supported by YouTube and works well for TV viewing.
Developed in Russia, Matroska Multimedia Container format is free and open source. It supports nearly every codec, but it is not itself supported by many programs. MKV is a smart choice if you expect your video to be viewed on a TV or computer using an open-source media player like VLC or Miro.
While similar in name, these two file types are very different. MP3 stands for MPEG-1 Audio Layer III, and it is an audio-only container. This format compresses audio files for an easy and versatile way to store sound bites and music. An MP4 (MPEG-4 Part 14), on the other hand, is a multimedia container that can store audio, video, still images, subtitles, and text.
With Premiere Pro, you can easily convert MP3 audio files into MP4 video content. Simply upload them to your editing timeline to make them a part of your latest video project. Converting videos into different file types is also easy, such as going from an MOV to an MP4. Upload almost any type of video file to your project timeline, and then export your project in your desired format.
A video file format is an extension at the end of a video file, such as AVI, MP4, or MOV. These file formats may vary in several ways, including file size, compression, encoding, and compatibility. You might want to choose the format with the smallest file size for some projects, but resolution and video quality might be more important in other cases. Anybody who creates video content should have a basic understanding of the different types of video files.
The only real downside to the MP4 format is the fact that the encoding and decoding processes require a lot of resources. While the actual file sizes are small, compressing the video when you save it is demanding on your PC. When people watch these videos, they have to be decompressed in real-time for maximum quality.
The most common type of video file is the MP4 format. When you want to add videos to a campaign, embed a video on your website, or upload a video to YouTube, MP4 is the ideal format. The biggest reason for the popularity of the MP4 format is the combination of high quality and small file sizes.
Having a basic understanding of video types and what separates them can help you choose the right format for your videos. Here are some of the things you should look for when it comes to video file formats:
From knowing when to use videos in an email marketing campaign to choosing the right file types, video marketing can be difficult. With a little research and hard work, you can create high-quality video content that helps boost your business.
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Were the movies imported with an EER upsampling factor of 2? If so, this results in 2x2 super-resolution frames (i.e. 8192 x 8192 at half the pixel size), which may be where the discrepancy stems from.
If you wish to work with movies that are at a pixel size of 0.57, then import should be performed with an upsampling factor of 1. I would argue that this should be the default in cryoSPARC instead of 2. However, if you wish to continue working at 8K x 8K scale, then bear in mind that anything expressed in terms of pixel size down the line, e.g. particle/box sizes, should be calculated with the super-resolution pixel size in mind (i.e. doubled in terms of pixels).
I have a KDL-46V5810 and have recently tried to play a movie file from the USB stick for the first time. I formatted the stick to FAT32 and have tried .avi .vob and .iso files on the stick. For some reason none have been recognized when the stick is accessed from the TV menu.
Getting MP4 files to play on my Bravia EX503 has had me foxed for a while. I couldn't get any of my MP4 movies to play via USB, yet they play perfectly when streamed using the free Serviio.org DLNA media server software.
I just found the way to get MP4s to play via USB. I use Nero software for converting DVDs to MP4s so they can be played on a variety of devices. In the digital category section of Nero it defaults to 'Nero Digital' and I confirm this format will not work on Bravia's (actually the movie plays but with audio only, no picture at all). By simply changing the category to 'Nero Digital AVC', the resulting MP4's play perfectly. In fact, they seem better quality and are slightly smaller in size.
I work at a movie production company and we have a lot of film post production and release happening. All types of formats are handed to us by filmmakers and other studios. Now we want to archive all the files to a storage device and start moving them to LTO devices. What do you think is the best file format for storing the films? Note that the files are supposed to be ready to be accessed later for the purpose of preparing for screening and subtitling.
Some of this depends on the quality of your source material and your workflow. Archivists will often tell you to use uncompressed 10-bit video streams, or something like TIFF or PNG sequences. This, of course, can send the size of your project north of 1TB/hour, is not terribly practical, and not at all necessary for most projects out there.
If you're a Mac-based facility (or can export the masters from a Mac) then ProRes is still probably the best balance. If you're working with very high-quality source material with a lot of VFX/color information, ProRes 4444 is available, but honestly most people would be find with ProRes 422 HQ.
If you're on Windows/Premiere, there are other options. I'm personally a can of CineForm, which began as GoPro's codec but has since been open-sourced. It has 10-bit 4:2:2 and 12-bit 4:4:4 modes with output quality on par with ProRes but, in my experience, is a bit less resource-intensive to decode. It's also not ubiquitous -- not all software can decode CineForm, so beware of that, but as it is open source, it should not be difficult to find a tool that can handle it. (Premiere and FFmpeg both handle it fine.)
As an additional option, and what the movie studios tend to use (out of habit), is Avid's DNxHD/DNxHR codecs. Similar settings and output as the previously-mentioned choices, though it is arguably inferior in a few ways and has some licensing caveats.
One thing that negates the fears about these not-quite-archival-caliber formats is to also just archive the video project itself with all raw footage, project files, assets, etc. self-contained. But this is expensive and down the road someone will need to open up the project and export something, so, not always ideal.
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