[Birding-Aus] Song Thrush: Friday Bird in Focus
Tim Dolby
A couple of people have recently asked about how to track down Song
Thrush in Melbourne. For a bit of fun (and because it's Friday and I'm
bored) I've put together a few notes that may help people locate this
somewhat cryptic bird.
* The relative territory size of the Song Thrush is large for a
passerine, about 4 hectares. This compares to the territory of a
European Blackbird, which is about 0.3 hectares. The large size is one
reason they are hard to track down in Melbourne parks and suburbs.
* Song Thrush is one of the earliest initiators of singing before
sunrise; about 40 minutes before dawn. (Blackbirds start slightly
earlier.) So if you want to find a Song Thrush it is worth getting to
your site before dawn (i.e. standard birding behaviour).
* The Song Thrush has a very large song repertoire, one of the
largest for the oscine (songbirds). It can be anywhere between 140 to
220 different songs. This compares with a Blackbird 20 to 50 different
songs. (The bird with the most songs is the Brown Thrasher from North
America. It looks quite similar to a Song Thrush and has a repertoire of
3000 plus distinct songs. A Sunbird has one.)
* The most common call during the day is a sharp tsip (somewhat
similar to the Green Catbird, although that's just my opinion). It is by
this call that I usually locate Song Thrush during the day.
* Snails! Song Thrush love snails! A sure fire why to track them
down is to look for empty piles of snail shells.
* Statistically in Melbourne they are best found that the following
sites: Edwardes Lake Park, Reservoir (50%), Royal Botanic Gardens (42%),
Royal Melbourne Zoo, Parkville (29%), Merri Creek Trail (19%), Newport
Lakes Reserve (17%). In the last couple of years they have also been
recorded at Brodie's Lakes (Greenvale Dam), Jells Park, Newport Lakes,
Northcote including my backyard.
* Although relatively common in Europe, they are in serious
decline. Let's hope it doesn't end up like the situation of the
Yellowhammer, which is probably more abundant in New Zealand than it is
in Europe where it is also in serious decline. My feeling anecdotal
feeling is that Song Thrush are also declining Melbourne.
* Along with the European Blackbird, in Melbourne the Song Thrush is
often described as a nice introduced bird, as opposed to Starlings, Rock
Doves, sparrows etc. The only annoying thing they seem to do is disturb
people suburban garden beds. Any thing else?
* The crest of the English soccer team West Bromwich Albion
features a Song Thrush! See
http://www.wba.premiumtv.co.uk/page/Home/0,,10366,00.html (The soccer
team I follow is Arsenal and the crest features a ... )
Now I should get back to doing some work. Believe it or not, I'm
actually flat out!
Cheers,
Tim Dolby
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michael norris
I had no idea they have such a wide repertoire.
But you didn't quote Robert Browning's 'Home thoughts from Abroad':
"That's the wise thrush; he sings each song twice over,
Lest you should think he never could recapture
The first fine careless rapture!"
Various sources say they most often repeat a phrase three times (sometimes
four) but it's a great way of separating them from blackbirds (which have a
similar tone to my ear).
And they often sing from the top of a tree meaning you can see them several
blocks away.
Incidentally, I have a memory of a study suggesting Song Thrushes were in
decline in the UK because Blackbirds have learnt how to steal the snails
after the thrushes have opened them.
Enjoy the weekend - even though it's a month or so before they will really
be singing.
Michael Norris
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John Tongue
Thanks for the added info - only a fortnight now till we can have a
look for these guys for ourselves!
John Tongue
Ulverstone, Tas.
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David...@dpcd.vic.gov.au
Tim wrote:
"Snails! Song Thrush love snails! A sure fire why to track them down is to
look for empty piles of snail shells"
When I was growing up in Coburg in the 1950s, Song Thrushes were very
common and I would often watch them breaking snail shells against a rock or
the footpath prior to eating the snail. By the early 1960s, Song Thrushes
were rarely seen and my mother, who was a keen observer of nature (and
still is), said that their absence was a consequence of eating snails
poisoned with snail pellets.
How close to the mark was she?
David
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Tom and Mandy Wilson
"The Throstles", which is an old English word for a Song-Thrush. So good
luck to the Melbourne Throstle seekers!
Cheers
Tom Wilson
********************************
* The crest of the English soccer team West Bromwich Albion
features a Song Thrush! See
http://www.wba.premiumtv.co.uk/page/Home/0,,10366,00.html (The soccer
team I follow is Arsenal and the crest features a ... )
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Syd Curtis
Thanks Tim. Excellent.
The Song Thrushes on Lord Howe Island include quite a bit of mimicry in
their song. Back in '97 I sent a tape of them to Peter Slater (University
of St Andrews Professor, not our Australian Peter Slater) and he commented:
"I thought it very interesting. It is clearly song thrush, but also full of
all sorts of ethereal Australian noises." I've wondered whether it was the
mimicry of Australian birds that occasioned that remark.
Any mimicry with your Melbourne songsters?
Cheers
Syd
> From: "Tim Dolby" <Tim....@vu.edu.au>
> Date: Fri, 16 May 2008 12:54:47 +1000
> To: <birdi...@vicnet.net.au>
> Subject: [Birding-Aus] Song Thrush: Friday Bird in Focus
>
> * The Song Thrush has a very large song repertoire, one of the
> largest for the oscine (songbirds). It can be anywhere between 140 to
> 220 different songs. This compares with a Blackbird 20 to 50 different
> songs. (The bird with the most songs is the Brown Thrasher from North
> America. It looks quite similar to a Song Thrush and has a repertoire of
> 3000 plus distinct songs. A Sunbird has one.)
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Rosemary Royle
I was interested in the remark about size of territories - which explains why Song Thrushes are always much less common than Blackbirds.
Rosemary Royle
Wales, UK
Wendy
Thankyou for your interesting research on Song Thrushes.
I'm sure you need another distraction from book editing etc, so here is one
I have wondered about.
The territory requirement of Song Thrushes (4ha) versus Blackbirds (0.3ha)
reminds me of something I have observed and wondered about in 2 of out local
urbanised natives - Red and Little Wattlebirds. Little Wattlebirds have only
become resident in my area (Coburg, Melbourne) within the last 5-10 years.
Reds have been here all the time I've been here ~30yrs. I suspect these 2,
while occupying similar habitat niches, like the Song Thrush and Blackbird,
have very different home territory requirements.
Reds live and breed very successfully (up to 3 or more broods a year, often
with 2 young/brood fledging) in and around my and my neighbours garden.
While I have not studied it in detail, the pair appear to use an area of
only about 7 or so of our house blocks. They are also quite inventive with
nest sites. For one or more seasons they nested in a small (~2m high) Pencil
Pine in the 'garden' (~3sq m grass, 4 small Pencil Pines) of the huge
"palace" across the road. Food collecting occured elsewhere!
I am not sure if the Littles breed here, though the first arrivals nearly
drove my then (nightshift working) partner to 'bird-icide', calling, LOUDLY
all day for weeks, for a mate. There is little calling in recent seasons so
I assume there is now a pair.
The next pair of Reds seem to live only one residential cross street away.
Not sure where the next Little pair lives, but my feeling is, it is much
further away.
While their larger size may mean the Reds are better able to harass/compete
with the Littles, I wonder if they are also better able to utilize the
strange variety of food on offer in an urban area like this. Apart from
their traditional diet of insects and nectar from my Eucs etc, the Reds are
happy to eat my figs, apricots and other fruits - being very polite and
eating most of the one fruit, not sampling (damaging) all on the tree like
some birds do. They also nectar feed from non-native trees in my neighbours
garden such as camellias. I think I have also seen them eat dog food and
other unnatural things. The Reds can also tackle some impressive prey items.
I often become aware of the first emergence of Greengrocer Cicadas, when I
find the poor creature being dismembered and eaten by a Red Wattlebird
I suspect the Littles are more specific, less adventurous feeders. I see
them feeding in native blooms and hunting bite-sized insects. They seem to
be more wary than the Reds and stay higher in the trees. I see Reds hopping
about on the ground hunting and foraging (and dismembering cicadas!) - never
Littles.
I also wonder if this territory size difference is only a phenomenon of
urban habitat. Or is it the same in the bush?
Any thoughts Tim, or others?
Wendy Moore
----- Original Message -----
From: "Tim Dolby" <Tim....@vu.edu.au>
To: <birdi...@vicnet.net.au>
Sent: Friday, May 16, 2008 12:54 PM
Subject: [Birding-Aus] Song Thrush: Friday Bird in Focus
Hi birders,
A couple of people have recently asked about how to track down Song
Thrush in Melbourne. For a bit of fun (and because it's Friday and I'm
bored) I've put together a few notes that may help people locate this
somewhat cryptic bird.
* The relative territory size of the Song Thrush is large for a
passerine, about 4 hectares. This compares to the territory of a
European Blackbird, which is about 0.3 hectares. The large size is one
reason they are hard to track down in Melbourne parks and suburbs.
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Tim Dolby
I think you have hit the nail on the head. The main reason Red
Wattlebird are doing so well in most urban environments, and have
smaller territories, is due to a wider dietary requirements. Not only do
they feed on the nectar from a range of flower types, they also eat some
insects, berries and insect honeydew.
Little Wattlebirds are somewhat more restricted in their diet, using a
somewhat more specialized brush-tipped tongue to feed on nectar,
although they do feed on other foods such as insects, flowers, berries.
Their long tongue is specifically adapted to plants such as banksia and
grevillea.
Little Wattlebird are becoming more common. The main reason for this is
almost certainly related to the fact that people are planting more
banksia and grevillea species. In my yard alone I have planted 3 banksia
species (Banksia serrata, B. marginata, B. spinulosa) and a range of
grevillea and grevillea cultivar hybrids (Grevillea rosmarinifolia, G.
Robusta, G. Elegance, G. Honey Gem, G. Poorinda). Little Wattlebirds,
and a few others, such as Eastern Spinebill, love them. The ongoing
'drought' conditions have therefore favoured this species, mainly
because people are starting to plant the sort of plants that don't need
much watering. Australian city habitats are changing.
Tim Dolby
Wendy Moore
Hi birders,
flam...@labyrinth.net.au
>
>
> Little Wattlebird are becoming more common. The main reason for this is
> almost certainly related to the fact that people are planting more
> banksia and grevillea species. In my yard alone I have planted 3 banksia
> species (Banksia serrata, B. marginata, B. spinulosa) and a range of
> grevillea and grevillea cultivar hybrids (Grevillea rosmarinifolia, G.
> Robusta, G. Elegance, G. Honey Gem, G. Poorinda). Little Wattlebirds,
> and a few others, such as Eastern Spinebill, love them. The ongoing
> 'drought' conditions have therefore favoured this species, mainly
> because people are starting to plant the sort of plants that don't need
> much watering. Australian city habitats are changing.
>
> Tim Dolby
>
recent years Little Wattlebirds have arrived every Autumn in our garden.
First they feed on a neighbour's Tecomaria capensis, then on our pink
Protea for months, as long as the flowers last. They seem to dominate
when Red Wattlebirds also wish to feed on the Protea. Both plants are
South African. (Eastern Spinebills also feed on Tecomaria as well as
South American Fuchsias).
Anthea Fleming
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Tim Dolby
gardens any more, may well be the reason that Song Thrush numbers have
dropped in Melbourne.
If we think in terms of the scientific principle known as Occam's razor,
which proposes that one should shave down the accumulation of possible
explanations until the simplest reasonable explanation remains, with
regards to Song Thrush it is possible to make the following links: Song
Thrush like snails, snails like moisture, in Melbourne there is less
moisture and as a consequence there are less snails (and slugs etc).
Ipso facto, lex parsimoniae and el presto, less Song Thrush.
Tim Dolby
From: Rosemary Royle [mailto:rosema...@tiscali.co.uk]
Sent: Saturday, 17 May 2008 6:58 AM
To: Tim Dolby; birding aus; David...@dpcd.vic.gov.au
Subject: Re: [Birding-Aus] Song Thrush: Friday Bird in Focus
There is a widely held belief that the cause of the decline in Song
Thrushes in the UK is due to them eating snails poisoned with slug
pellets. However as far as I am aware there is no evidence at all for
this - and it assumes that most Song Thrushes live in gardens which they
don't. (I am still unclear myself whether a diet of poisoned snails will
actually poison an individual Song Thrush though I am sure that the
overall effects on populations are likely to be minimal) The
intensification of agriculture together with dry spring weather,
especially in the SE is thought to be a more likely cause. They have
actually reversed their decline at the moment and are doing OK in the
wetter parts of the country.
I was interested in the remark about size of territories - which
explains why Song Thrushes are always much less common than Blackbirds.
Rosemary Royle
Wales, UK
Tim wrote:
"Snails! Song Thrush love snails! A sure fire why to track them down is
to look for empty piles of snail shells"
When I was growing up in Coburg in the 1950s, Song Thrushes were very
common and I would often watch them breaking snail shells against a rock
or the footpath prior to eating the snail. By the early 1960s, Song
Thrushes were rarely seen and my mother, who was a keen observer of
nature (and still is), said that their absence was a consequence of
eating snails poisoned with snail pellets.
How close to the mark was she?
David
Wendy
"The dry conditions in Melbourne, and the fact that we do not water our
gardens any more, may well be the reason that Song Thrush numbers have
dropped in Melbourne."
Other factor would be urban infill/higher urban density, and resultant loss
or shrinking of house block gardens. While sadly this is not great for urban
wildlife, I support it as it helps control urban sprawl.
The current massive growth around Melbourne in the Werribee, Hume and Epping
corridors, often in previous Green Wedge areas, is horrendous. Large areas
of very rare and significant remnant vegetation is being destroyed, in
particular Western Basalt Plains Grassland and Red Gum Grassy Woodland.
Habitat to many rare and endangered animals and plants. Infrastructure
development to support this sprawl further exacerbates the habitat loss not
to mention the other adverse environmental contributions (e.g. more roads -
greenhouse)
Wendy Moore
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Dave Torr
plains of Melbourne, I think this has little to do with Song Thrush decline.
They are a bird of established gardens and woodlands and most of the area
being destroyed is grassland. Indeed - with a lot od new gardens there may
end being more Song Thrush territory in years to come! The Thrush has
declined in developed areas throughout Melbourne (I live in Werribee in an
established area and they have declined a lot - they also used to be in the
wooded areas of the Western Treatment Plant but are now scarce). Drought
seems the answer - my wife is a keen gardener and is no longer troubled by
snails so the connection seems obvious (but of course may not be!)
2008/5/19 Wendy <woob...@pipeline.com.au>:
Peter Shute
(need?) are being gradually removed and replaced with higher density
housing that has little or no garden. No idea how much of a factor this
is yet, but dual occupancy developments are very common in Melbourne
now, where a house on a large block is supplemented by a second house
(or more) where the back garden was. Theoretically, every such
development should increase the size of the territory necessary to
support a thrush.
I also agree with Wendy that such developments are necessary to reduce
the need to develop the green wedges, etc, but I'm not comfortable that
the loss of gardens isn't being compensated for with equivalent planting
in parks, etc. These should, of course, be designed for native birds,
not Song Thrushes.
Peter Shute
-----Original Message-----
From: birding-a...@vicnet.net.au
[mailto:birding-a...@vicnet.net.au] On Behalf Of Dave Torr
Sent: Monday, 19 May 2008 1:16 PM
To: Wendy
Cc: Birding-aus
Subject: Re: [Birding-Aus] Song Thrush: Friday Bird in Focus
Dave Torr
suburbs - the people who live there tend to complain but the alternative is
more sprawl onto undeveloped land. Undoubtedly we are losing habitat in the
established suburbs. But my point was more about the Western Plains where
housing is taking over from (mainly non native) grassland and will probably
in 10 years time (if we get any rain) lead to a boom in habitat for birds
that like urban gardens!
2008/5/19 Peter Shute <psh...@nuw.org.au>:
Penny Brockman
1960s-70s, a sharp decline. In my garden central London, a nesting pair
were killed by my own cats (apologies, still feel guilty) but the
blackbirds were not caught, to my knowledge. Generally, they were (and
still maybe) in decline in the UK and I think one reason is they are
much more subject to cat capture. Urbanisation in Australia could mean
more cats, hence less thrush.
MS Weerheim
Suitability of the urban environment for birds is not so much a matter of the density of people and their houses, but the form these houses take. Traditional neighbourhoods in my old country, the Netherlands, used to be quite rich in birds. Houses are built with multiple storeys, most often three, and neighbouring houses share a wall. This is a ground-saving building method which leaves more room for urban green (not to mention the immense heating costs saved when heat moves not up and away through the roof and walls, but to the floor above or the house next door).
Small and varied gardens with hedges and native herbs and grasses were ideal habitat for birds who like semi-open habitats like the song thrush (a native to the country), while green parks offer refuge for forest birds. Having worked as an urban ornithologist, it is amazing how rich birdlife in a city can be as long as the type of green is right.
Urban ecologists in my old country speak of the present century as "the new stone age". Partially due to the success with which popular gardening programs for years have promoted exotic plants in pots (no insects) and ornamental tiles instead of lawns and herbs. Undoubtedly it has a lot to do with making gardens as low-maintenance as possible without reducing green altogether. Sadly, the more insect-resistant garden plants are, the less useful they are for insectivorious birds. This difference is very clear when comparing insect richness and birdlife in native European Oak trees with those in the closely related but non native American Oak. The fact that the house sparrow does so well in Eastern Australia while it has been in steep decline in Europe for the past 30 years shows how important the type of urban nature is, and that drastic changes in gardening style comprise habitat destruction in no less form than degradation of native bushland. Anyone who wants to get rid of the little brown breadcrumb muncher need only look at European cities to know how to go about it.
I greatly cheer efforts of increasing the density of buildings inside cities in order to limit urban sprawl. Native bushland is being squished out everywhere and if land needs to be "sacrificed" for housing, it better be areas that are already disturbed. However, adjusting the style of building would make a huge difference with respect to how much land one human being needs to claim to live comfortably. Not to mention the many options available to include nesting opportunities in roof spaces and walls (without affecting the hygiene of the building - so much is possible and has already been done!) for higher-up nesting birds like tree martins.
And why do I see English rosegardens everywhere, despite the fact that I live in a country with the most amazing wildflowers imaginable?
Some interesting examples (sorry folks, it's all in Dutch) with pictures can be found at:
http://www.vogelbescherming.nl/content.aspx?cid=2366
http://www.vogelbescherming.nl/content.aspx?cid=2513
http://www.vogelbescherming.nl/documents/pdf-files/actieplan_stadsvogels.pdf
Maree
Perth, WA
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Arwen B. Ximenes
"It's not only Australian plants which feed Little Wattlebirds. Inrecent years Little Wattlebirds have arrived every Autumn in our garden"
I constantly bemoan the fact that we inherited so many camelia trees (30+) when we moved to the mid-Mountains (Blue Mountains) as I'm not a camelia fan and would far rather a native garden, however nearly all of them are now in flower and the Little Wattlebirds and Spinebills feed in them every day. Red Wattlebirds are by far the most frequent visitors though. I just wish I liked camelias, though it's nice to see the succession of birds in them depending on the time of year. The King Parrots love the fruit.
cheers,
Arwen
......................................... Arwen Blackwood Ximenes
Lawson, Blue Mountains, NSWar...@hotmail.com
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Tony Russell
-----Original Message-----
From: birding-a...@vicnet.net.au
[mailto:birding-a...@vicnet.net.au] On Behalf Of Arwen B. Ximenes
Sent: Thursday, May 22, 2008 10:25 AM
To: tim....@vu.edu.au; flam...@labyrinth.net.au;
woob...@pipeline.com.au
Cc: birdi...@vicnet.net.au
Subject: [Birding-Aus] RE: (Urban) Red V Little Wattlebirds
territoryrequirements
http://www.livelife.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=343869==========www.b
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james oates
Having recently moved to Australia I am not sure how interesting this sighting is so hopefully somebody can let me know!
There have been approx 8 Red-tailed Black Cockatoos around Tacking Point (just south of Port Macquarie NSW). They are around today for the third day. I have not been able to see them landed but they are flying around calling quite a lot.
Cheers,
James
> From: prati...@esc.net.au> To: arw...@hotmail.com; tim....@vu.edu.au; flam...@labyrinth.net.au; woob...@pipeline.com.au> Subject: RE: [Birding-Aus] RE: (Urban) Red V Little Wattlebirds territoryrequirements> Date: Thu, 22 May 2008 10:28:55 +0930> CC: birdi...@vicnet.net.au> > I think I'd like both the camellias and the birds.> > -----Original Message-----> From: birding-a...@vicnet.net.au> [mailto:birding-a...@vicnet.net.au] On Behalf Of Arwen B. Ximenes> Sent: Thursday, May 22, 2008 10:25 AM> To: tim....@vu.edu.au; flam...@labyrinth.net.au;> woob...@pipeline.com.au> Cc: birdi...@vicnet.net.au> Subject: [Birding-Aus] RE: (Urban) Red V Little Wattlebirds> territoryrequirements> > > > "It's not only Australian plants which feed Little Wattlebirds.> Inrecent years Little Wattlebirds have arrived every Autumn in our> garden"> > > I constantly bemoan the fact that we inherited so many camelia trees> (30+) when we moved to the mid-Mountains (Blue Mountains) as I'm not a> camelia fan and would far rather a native garden, however nearly all of> them are now in flower and the Little Wattlebirds and Spinebills feed in> them every day. Red Wattlebirds are by far the most frequent visitors> though. I just wish I liked camelias, though it's nice to see the> succession of birds in them depending on the time of year. The King> Parrots love the fruit.> > cheers,> Arwen> ......................................... Arwen Blackwood Ximenes > Lawson, Blue Mountains, NSWar...@hotmail.com > _________________________________________________________________> Never miss another e-mail with Hotmail on your mobile.> http://www.livelife.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=343869==========www.b> irding-aus.org> birding-aus.blogspot.com> > To unsubscribe from this mailing list, > send the message:> unsubscribe > (in the body of the message, with no Subject line)> to: birding-a...@vicnet.net.au> ===========> > ===============================> www.birding-aus.org> birding-aus.blogspot.com> > To unsubscribe from this mailing list, > send the message:> unsubscribe > (in the body of the message, with no Subject line)> to: birding-a...@vicnet.net.au> ===============================
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