ZuluHart is a historical novel by British author Saul David, set in the late Victorian Era, and focussed around the early military career of its eponym, George Hart. It is the first novel in the George Hart series.
George Hart is the bastard son of a pillar of the British military establishment and a half Irish, half Zulu actress. He is bullied at school for his dark looks, an experience which teaches him how to fight. When he is eighteen he learns that his mysterious father has promised him a vast inheritance if he can accede to a suitable rank in the British Army. He proceeds to the military academy, and is once more the source of animosity over the colour of his skin.
Set up by a group of officers he is forced to leave the army, whereby he travels to South Africa. Conflict is brewing between the British authorities and the Zulus, and he is quickly enlisted to fight for the army under the command of Lord Chelmsford. Hart witnesses a massacre, and returns to London to be debriefed by the Duke of Cambridge himself.
The novel received mixed reviews. The Observer noted that "while the story is stuffed full of period detail, it is too often buried under clunky prose",[1] whilst History Today was more favourable.[2]
Chaka is the third and final novel by Lesotho writer Thomas Mofolo. Written in Sesotho, it is a mythic fictional retelling of the story of the rise and fall of the Zulu emperor-king Shaka. Following its first publication in 1925, it was published in English translation in 1931.
Chaka was written in three years, from 1907 to 1910.[1] To gather material for his novel, Thomas Mofolo made several trips to the South African province of Natal, including one in 1909 where he visited the grave of Shaka.[2] The original Sotho manuscript was first submitted in 1910 to the Morija Sesuto Book Depot supported by the Paris Evangelical Missionary Society (PEMS), but was only published in 1925.[3][4] The delay in publication was due to the publishers' being "disturbed by Mofolo's failure to condemn pagan tribal customs"; this led to a disheartened Mofolo's retirement from writing.[5] According to translator Daniel P. Kunene, who translated Chaka from Sesotho to English, at least two chapters revolving around the traditions and history of the Zulu people were omitted from the published version of the novel.[6]
The first English translation of Chaka was published in 1931, while the earliest French and German translations were published in 1940 and 1953 respectively; an Afrikaans translation was published in 1974.[7]
The novel received a polarised reception initially, with some readers accusing the author of being anti-Christian, in contrast to others who felt that Chaka was "deeply Christian in inspiration and intent".[3] Nonetheless, Chaka became a local and international bestseller.[8]
Moreover, especially since the publication of Daniel P. Kunene's English translation of Chaka, the novel has become increasingly appreciated for its literary value.[3] In a review for English in Africa, Neil Lazarus described Chaka as an "extraordinary and enigmatic work of literature ... demanding the close attention of all scholars of African literature."[3] In February 2002, Chaka was named one of the twelve best works of African literature of the 20th century by a panel organised by Ali Mazrui as part of the Zimbabwe International Book Fair.[9]
As with my first novel, Inca, I wanted to read about this remarkable people from their own perspective. After a great deal of research, I wrote the book I wanted to read. It begins in 1866 and runs until 1882, and while most of the protagonists are fictional, the story is as true as I can make it.
Mbeki and Ingonyama are the gifted sons of the blacksmith Jama. Their adventures at the royal court of King Cetshwayo draw them into the great events of a kingdom on the cusp of a golden age. There they meet Inyati, an exiled Matabele prince, and Nandhi, the daughter of a northern baron. Their unlikely friendship promises a life of peace and plenty, but their future is darker than they could ever imagine.
A year later on April 15, 1979, Michener wrote the first of two memos about those meetings suggesting that what I brought to the table was "an exciting adventure story about diamonds," while he'd already outlined a South African novel based on a "Dutch family, a Zulu component and a conflict with the British."
15 April, 1979
Long before he met me, Errol Uys devised what could have been an exciting adventure story about diamonds, Arabian emirs, prospectors and some rattling good South African and American characters. He outlined his proposed novel in extensive detail, featuring intricate plot relationships among a considerable collection of characters, but did no writing.
Long before I met Uys I had outlined a South African novel based on a Dutch family, a Zulu component and a conflict with the British. I stressed a Cape Town-to-Zimbabwe axis and ruthlessly excluded Natal, Southwest Africa and Kimberley, as I did not want to get involved in British settlements, Namibia or diamonds. But because of other pressures, and my inability as I saw it to get back to South Africa, I put this novel on the back burner and let it stay there for about eight years.
Then Tony Oursler of the Reader's Digest called one day to see if he could talk with me about his idea for a novel, and he told me of Uys's work, but more important, of Uys's presence in the United States and his eagerness to work with me on some South African materials. He outlined Uys's diamond novel briefly, and I said I'd not be interested in that line of development at all, but that I had long had my own thoughts on the matter and that if Uys and the South African arm of the Digest wanted to help with research material, I'd be interested. Especially, it was Oursler and Uys who proposed the diamond as the continuing factor in the story, and this appealed to me, but again, not as they supposed. In my version the diamond would never surface.
Then Uys and I met, most congenially, and I outlined my concept of the novel that I thought would make a contribution, and I rarely said one word but Uys immediately envisioned what I had in mind, and he rarely made a suggestion but what I could instantly see its applicability. (sic) We spent some four days with my outlining what was necessary, and he returned home to draft this document, using my ideas as a base line, adding his own inventive suggestions. We then met for another four days, after which he revised our outline along the lines my thoughts had been going. I then laid the whole aside and started to write from a fresh start, as it were, keeping basic structures in mind but allowing the story to develop itself. I write this memorandum as I finish Chapter VII, aware of how far I've strayed from our a priori ideas, but also aware of how valuable the pre-planning has been. Until a story gets a life of its own, one never know where it is going to lead, and that's always the best way.
16 April 1979
This is the beautifully worked-out plot that Errol Uys had in his possession when we first met to discuss whether or not he could find it congenial to work with me, and I with him. It should be studied carefully to see the points at which he had anticipated some of my own ideas, where he paralleled some, and where he introduced lines that I found quite extraneous.Examples of the latter are the Iranians in whom I could show no interest whatever, (Green); the American line (Black) although after having composed my last chapter with an Australian I diverted to an American as more fruitful; most of the English line (Green also) which seemed too melodramatic for me; and much of the Bantu (Blue and Brown) which again seemed too dramatic. There were, of course, elements in all the lines which had no attraction.
Examples of the first, in which Uys anticipated me beautifully, were the background materials on the creation of the diamond (that is the geology, which has always been a preoccupation with me and not specifically the diamond itself); the man-apes; Australopithecus, although I could express no interest in Pithecanthropus for the good reason that I know nothing whatever about him; the Bushmen; the fleeting allusion to Zimbabwe, which had always been of major importance to me. Indeed, it was Uys's interest in these pre-historical materials which attracted me to him, for without an understanding of how my mind works on such themes he would have been unable to keep pace.
Examples of the middle group, the rough parallels, are numerous: Boer War, the shebeen, the good feeling for the Afrikaner, the elephant hunter (which I did not use but whose characteristics so closely paralleled my Mal Adriaan.) and the solid glimpses of the English at work and play.
Now let's look at the lines of actual plot development that he liked but which I found it better to avoid: The Portuguese, the heavy emphasis on Kimberley, the witchdoctor's ownership of the diamond; indeed the entire diamond theme; the Americans at Kimberley; the New York diamond merchants etc. I'm sure Uys would have discarded an equal amount of the ideas I'd developed, so the rejection was neither excessive nor important.
Finally, let's look at the large themes which I had generated prior to meeting Uys: the concept of 1647 as the beginning of the novel; the heavy emphasis on Java rather than Holland; the strong emphasis on the Huguenots, especially their religious background; the very heavy emphasis on the English; the long detail to be given to early Cape Town, a wine farm and the Trekboers; the confrontation with the Xhosa; the strong focus on the Voortrekkers; an equally strong focus on the Boer War and especially the concentration camps; the long sympathetic look at how a real Afrikaner was educated; and the sharp comment on apartheid. And in place of Uys's dramatics, I had from the start preferred emphasis on setting, slow development and the establishment of a site to which I could return again and again.
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