The project focuses on the contents of ads and aims to show how parties employ different strategies in relation to policy issues they prioritize and the degree of personalization of their ad campaigns. Moreover, we are interested in temporal dynamics of these campaigns and in patterns of co-dependence in ads (e.g. one party triggering an issue that other parties respond to and/or requesting direct responses by them within ads). For the analysis of ad contents, we use a Bayesian language model to allocate social media ads to specific topic categories, enabling us to perform quantitative text analysis at a larger scale than previous studies.
The project aims to provide insights into the dynamics of social media campaigns and contributes to a better understanding of the (potentially) special characteristics of these campaigns compared to traditional campaign instruments like TV ads or campaign posters. By focusing on the content of political ads and analyzing them on the basis of established theories of party competition and political communication, the study also aims to counter the lack of theoretical foundation associated with research on social media campaigning. Lastly, we aim to contribute to methodological debates about the potentials and drawbacks of applying text-as-data approaches to content from ad libraries to analyze online political campaigns.
Travellers who like to stray off the beaten path are booking flights to Angola to discover one of the most interesting emerging travel destinations. Fully recovered after the civil war ended in 2002, now oil revenue and wealth from other natural resources have helped create a strong infrastructure.
The Portuguese were the first Europeans to settle in the country, and some of their influence remains in the language and the culture. But tribes like the Ovimbundu, Ambundu, Bakongo, Chokwe, and Mbunda add their own distinct flavour to the spirited city. There's no better place to experience it all than at the National Festival of Angolan Culture, a country-wide celebration between late August and mid-September which highlights the varied aspects of Angolan culture.
Luanda offers plenty of places to stay with top destinations including Hotel Tropico and Epic Sana. From there, you can easily access attractions like the former Portuguese fortress of Sao Miguel, which dates to the 16th century, the island of Mussulo and the Church of Sagrada Familia. And make sure to spend some time in one of the city's many nightlife venues where the party and the beats go on all night. You might even see Leila Lopes, Miss Angola 2011, who won that year's Miss Universe pageant.
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Outside Algiers, mountains, deserts and coasts are all waiting to be explored. The Sahara alone is a reason to visit Algeria, with its enormous sand dunes, canyons and stone forests, and its remarkable collection of prehistoric cave art. Many travel companies run tours that can last a week or more.
To keep your energy level up, street vendors serve steaming portions of local favourite fufu (cassava or yams pounded into a dough and served with meat and a vegetable sauce called kedjenou). Innovative restaurateurs also deliver imaginative culinary combinations in a new wave of gourmet restaurants, many of which, like the rest of the city, are heavily influenced by the French.
Cairo is a fascinating city, with old mosques and modern malls, crowded streets bursting with fantastic food, and so many historical sites that it could take weeks to see them all. Add to this smoky cafes where men sit with their nargilehs (pipes), pastry shops offering treats dripping with honey, the call to prayer echoing from the many minarets, and even the lively traffic, and you have a potent mix that will prove both energising and addictive.
The locals love nothing more than a bit of al fresco dining. Young groups of friends can be spotted hanging out at the newest cafe or restaurant, while older generations opt for the more traditional coffee shops, where you can enjoy a refreshing espresso alongside some shisha.
As well as being an important African business hub with international business people filling flights to Addis Ababa, the city is brimming with cultural and educational institutions. It boasts the well-respected Addis Ababa University, the renowned National Museum and Ethnographic Museum, and countless cafes and jazz clubs. It is also a city of considerable political significance, home to both the UN Economic Commission for Africa and the headquarters of the African Union.
The capital Accra still retains remnants of its time serving as the capital of the British Gold Coast, indeed English is the official language of Ghana. But modernisation has brought five-star hotels, museums and nightlife venues, making it the tourist hub of the region. Football is the most popular of sports in the city; during your stay, try and get tickets to cheer on Accra Hearts of Oak at the Accra Sports Stadium. For shopping, head for the lively market in Kumasi, where all manner of goods can be purchased from the never-ending market stalls.
For the best street food in town brave the busy Makola Market, where the whole world, it seems, goes to shop. For a more stylish approach to local dishes such as fufu (mashed cassava) try Buka Restaurant in Osu, a hip open-air restaurant. The area is full of nightlife venues and even the odd roof terrace or two if you keep your eyes open. For Ghanaian handicrafts, the Centre for National Culture is a rabbit warren of stalls selling handmade arts and crafts from all over the country.
Going to Guinea is an unforgettable experience. Forests, waterfalls, elephants, beaches and mountains beckon the adventurous traveller, to say nothing of the pulsing warmth of its capital. When your flight to Guinea touches down in Conakry, the mild bedlam of noise and crowds is invigorating and even a bit addictive.
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