Class 11 Chemistry Notes Pdf Nepal

[Honorato Overmyer]

Thisdocument contains practice questions and answers related to 9th grade chemistry notes. It is divided into multiple sections covering topics like branches of chemistry, physical and chemical properties of substances, atomic structure, moles and molar masses. The questions are in a MCQ format testing the understanding of fundamental concepts. For example, one question asks the student to identify the branch of chemistry that deals with atomic energy and its uses in daily life. The answer given is nuclear chemistry.Read less

General introduction of chemistry, Importance and scope of chemistry, Basic concepts of chemistry (atoms, molecules, relative masses of atoms and molecules, atomic mass unit ( amu), radicals, molecular formula, empirical formula ), Percentage composition from molecular formula.

Modern periodic law and modern periodic table; Classification of elements into different groups, periods and blocks ; IUPAC classification of elements; Nuclear charge and effective nuclear charge ;Periodic trend and periodicity : Atomic radii ,Ionic radii , Ionization energy , Electron affinity ,Electronegativity , Metallic characters (General trend and explanation only)

General and electronic concept of oxidation and reduction; Oxidation number and rules for assigning oxidation number ; Balancing redox reactions by oxidation number and ion-electron (half reaction) method ; Electrolysis : Qualitative aspect and Quantitative aspect(Faradays laws of electrolysis)

7.2 Liquid state : Physical properties of liquids- Evaporation and condensation ,Vapour pressure and boiling point ,Surface tension and viscosity (qualitative idea only) ; Liquid crystals and their applications

7.3 Solid state : Types of solids -Amorphous and crystalline solids, Efflorescent, Deliquescent and Hygroscopic solids ; Crystallization and crystal growth; Water of crystallization; Introduction to unit crystal lattice and unit cell .

Reason for inertness of nitrogen and active nitrogen ; Chemical properties of ammonia [ Action with CuSO4 solution, water, FeCl3 solution, Conc. HCl, Mercurous nitrate paper, O2 ]; Applications of ammonia; Harmful effects of ammonia ; Oxy-acids of nitrogen (name andformula); Chemical properties of nitric acid [HNO3 as an acid and oxidizing agent (action with zinc, magnesium, iron, copper, sulphur, carbon, SO2 and H2S) ; Ring test for nitrate ion.

General characteristics of halogens; Comparative study on preparation (no diagram and description is required); Chemical properties [with water, alkali, ammonia, oxidizing character, bleaching action] and uses of halogens (Cl2, Br2 and I2); Test for Cl2, Br2 and I2 ; Comparative study on preparation (no diagram and description is required), properties ( reducing strength, acidic nature and solubility) and uses of haloacids (HCl, HBr and HI)

9.4.1 Carbon : Allotropes of carbon (crystalline and amorphous) including fullerenes (structure, general properties and uses only) ; Properties (reducing action, reaction with metals and nonmetals) and uses of carbon monoxide

10.2.2 Alkaline Earth Metals : General characteristics of alkaline earth metals ; Molecular formula and uses of (quick lime, bleaching powder, magnesia, plaster of paris and epsom salt); Solubility of hydroxides, carbonates and sulphates of alkaline earth metals (general trend with explanation) ; Stability of carbonate and nitrate of alkaline earth metals (general trend with explanation).

Introduction to organic chemistry and organic compounds ; Reasons for the separate study of organic compounds from inorganic compounds ; Tetra-covalency and catenation properties of carbon ; Classification of organic compounds ; Alkyl groups, functional groups and homologous series ; Idea of structural formula, contracted formula and bond line structural formula ; Preliminary idea of cracking and reforming, quality of gasoline, octane number, cetane number and gasoline additive

Fundamentals of Applied Chemistry ; Chemical industry and its importance ; Stages in producing a new product ; Economics of production ; Cash flow in the production cycle ; Running a chemical plant; Designing a chemical plant ; Continuous and batch processing ; Environmental impact of the chemical industry.

Introduction to gravimetric analysis, volumetric analysis and equivalent weight ; Relationship between equivalent weight, atomic weight and valency ; Equivalent weight of compounds (acid, base, salt, oxidizing and reducing agents) ; Concentration of solution and its units in terms of : Percentage, g/L , molarity, molality, normality and formality, ppm and ppb ; Primary and secondary standard substances ; Law of equivalence and normality equation ; Titration and its types: Acid-base titration, redox titration ( related numerical problems)

Introduction ; Rate of reactions: Average and instantaneous rate of reactions ; Rate law and its expressions ; Rate constant and its unit and significance; Order and molecularity ; Integrated rate equation for zero and first order reaction ; Half-life of zero and first order reactions ; Collision theory, concept of activation energy and activated complex ; Factors affecting rate of reactions: Effect of concentration, temperature (Arrhenius Equation) and effect of catalyst (energy profile diagram) ; Catalysis and types of catalysis: homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzyme catalysis (solving related numerical problems based on rate, rate constant and order of zero and first order reactions)

Electrode potential and standard electrode potential ; Types of electrodes: Standard hydrogen electrode and calomel electrodes ; Electrochemical series and its applications ; Voltaic cell: Zn-Cu cell, Ag- Cu cell ; Cell potential and standard cell potential ; Relationship between cell potential and free energy ; Commercial batteries and fuel cells (hydrogen/oxygen)

Introduction ; Characteristics of transition metals ; Oxidation states of transition metals ; Complex ions and metal complexes ; Shapes of complex ions ; d-orbitals in complex ions (simple explanation by crystal field theory) for octahedral complex ; Reasons for the colour of transition metal compounds ; Catalytic properties of transition metals

7.1 Copper : Occurrence and extraction of copper from copper pyrite ; Properties (with air, acids, aqueous ammonia and metal ions) and uses of copper ; Chemistry (preparation, properties and uses) of blue vitriol ; Other compounds of copper (red oxide and black oxide of copper) formula and uses only

7.4 Iron : Occurrence and extraction of iron ; Properties and uses of iron ; Manufacture of steel by Basic Oxygen Method and Open Hearth Process ; Corrosion of iron and its prevention

Introduction ; Nomenclature and isomerism of haloarenes ; Preparation of chlorobenzene from benzene and benzene diazonium chloride ; Physical properties ; Chemical properties : Low reactivity of haloarenes as compared to haloalkanes in term of nucleophilic substitution reaction , Reduction of chlorobenzene , Electrophilic substitution reactions , Action with Na (Fittig and Wurtz- Fittig reaction) ; Action with chloral ; Uses of haloarenes.

Aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids : Introduction, nomenclature and isomerism ; Preparation of monocarboxylic acids from: aldehydes, nitriles, dicarboxylic acid, sodium alkoxide and trihaloalkanes ; Preparation of benzoic acid from alkyl benzene ; Physical properties of monocarboxylic acids ; Chemical properties: Action with alkalies, metal oxides, metal carbonates, metal bicarbonates, PCl3, LiAlH4 and dehydration of carboxylic acid ; Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction ; Electrophilic substitution reaction of benzoic acid bromination, nitration and sulphonation) ; Effect of constituents on the acidic strength of carboxylic acid ; Abnormal behaviour of methanoic acid

Derivatives of Carboxylic acids (acid halides, amides, esters and anhydrides) : Preparation of acid derivatives from carboxylic acid ; Comparative physical properties of acid derivatives ; Comparative chemical properties of acid derivatives (hydrolysis, ammonolysis, amines (RNH2), alcoholysis, and reduction only) ; Claisen condensation ; Hofmann bromamide reaction ; Amphoteric nature of amide ; Relative reactivity of acid derivatives.

Nitroalkanes : Introduction, nomenclature and isomerism ; Preparation from haloalkane and alkane ; Physical properties ; Chemical properties: Reduction ; Nitrobenzene : Preparation from benzene ; Physical properties ; Chemical properties : Reduction in different media ; Electrophilic substitution reactions (nitration, sulphonation & bromination) ; Uses of nitro-compounds .

Aromatic amine (Aniline) : Preparation of aniline from nitrobenzene, phenol ; Physical properties ; Chemical properties: basicity of aniline, comparison of basic nature of aniline with aliphatic amines and ammonia, alkylation, acylation, diazotization, carbylamine and coupling reaction, electrophilic substitution: Nitration sulphonation and bromination ; Uses of aniline.

Introduction, general formula and examples of organolithium, organocopper and organocadmium compounds ; Nature of Metal-Carbon bond ; Grignard reagent : Preparation (using haloalkane and haloarene) ; Reaction of Grignard reagent with water, aldehydes and ketones ( preparation of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols), carbon dioxide, HCN, RCN, ester and acid chloride

Polymers : Addition and condensation polymers ; Elastomers and fibres ; Natural and synthetic polymers ; Some synthetic polymers (polythene, PVC, Teflon, polystyrene, nylon and bakelite ; Dyes : Introduction; Types of dyes on the basis of structure and method of application; Drugs :Characteristics of drugs; Natural and synthetic drugs ; Classification of some common drugs; Habit forming drugs and drug addiction ; Pesticides : Introduction to insecticides, herbicides and fungicides

Introduction ; Raw materials for cement production ; Main steps in cement production (crushing and grinding, strong heating and final grinding) ; Types of cement- OPC and PPC ; Portland cement process with flow-sheet diagram ; Cement Industry in Nepal.

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