Chun Li Maps

[Valorie Carlee]

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Three-dimensional (3D) chromatin organization maps help dissect cell-type-specific gene regulatory programs. Furthermore, 3D chromatin maps contribute to elucidating the pathogenesis of complex genetic diseases by connecting distal regulatory regions and genetic risk variants to their respective target genes. To understand the cell-type-specific regulatory architecture of diabetes risk, we generated transcriptomic and 3D epigenomic profiles of human pancreatic acinar, alpha, and beta cells using single-cell RNA-seq, single-cell ATAC-seq, and high-resolution Hi-C of sorted cells. Comparisons of these profiles revealed differential A/B (open/closed) chromatin compartmentalization, chromatin looping, and transcriptional factor-mediated control of cell-type-specific gene regulatory programs. We identified a total of 4,750 putative causal-variant-to-target-gene pairs at 194 type 2 diabetes GWAS signals using pancreatic 3D chromatin maps. We found that the connections between candidate causal variants and their putative target effector genes are cell-type stratified and emphasize previously underappreciated roles for alpha and acinar cells in diabetes pathogenesis.

April 30th, 1975 marked the fall of Saigon and the end of the Vietnam War. I wanted to create this blog post to honor its 48th anniversary, as well as welcome the beginning of May, AAPI Heritage Month.

A map I was particularly interested in was of the 1972 battle of An Lǭc. The battle of An Lǭc was a major offensive campaign launched by the North Vietnamese army to capture key cities in South Vietnam. An Lǭc was a strategic location as it was a major transportation hub and the last major city before Saigon. Ultimately, the South Vietnamese army, along with US and other allied forces, held off the North Vietnamese assault. Before her remapping, Chung looked through her collection of old maps of An Lǭc. She located the Lǭc Ninh airfield and other abandoned airfields and marked those regions as the sites of the gravest battles. As Chung states, "To study history, one needs to look at maps. To study a map, one needs to remap it." Her father had frequently gone to those airfields for his missions prior to his capture, making her maps almost like a personal heirloom.

Chung also explains that she does not "give answers" in her work. The viewers are challenged in terms of wondering what the story and truth really are. The places and events represented on the maps are personal and historically significant, but the visual details are purposefully inexact. This ambiguity shows how the maps document loss and speak to the inaccessibility of the past.

Dr Min-Chun Hong has solved a number of open problems and conjectures on harmonic maps, liquid crystals and Yang Mills equations in the areas of nonlinear partial differential equations and geometric analysis. He has collaborated with top mathematicians such as Professor Mariano Giaquinta (SNS-Pisa), Professor Jurgen Jost (Germany), Professor Michael Struwe (Zurich), Professor Gang Tian (Princeton) and Professor Zhouping Xin (Hong Kong).

In the area of harmonic maps, collaborated with Giaquinta and Yin (Calc. Var. PDEs 2011), he developed a new approximation of the Dirichlet energy, yielding a new proof on partial regularity of minimizers of the relax energy for harmonic maps as well as for the Faddeev model. The method leads to solve an open problem on partial regularity in the relax energy of biharmonic maps by him and Hao Yin (J. Funct. Anal. 2012). Based on the well-known result of Sack and Uhlenbeck in 1981 (Uhlenbeck 2019 Abel Award Winner), with collaboration of Hao Yin in 2013, he introduced the Sack-Uhlenbeck flow to prove new existence results of the harmonic map flow in 2D and made new application to homotopy classes.

Bang-Yen Chen in 1991 proposed a well-known conjecture on biharmonic submanifolds: Any biharmonic submanifold in the Euclidean space is minimal. Collaborated with Fu and Zhan (Adv. Math 2021), he confirmed Chen's conjecture for hypersurfaces in R5 with n=4.

In the area of Yang-Mills equations, with Gang Tian (Math. Ann. 2004), he established asymptotic behaviour of the Yang-Mills flow to prove the existence of singular Hermitian-Yang-Mills connections, which was used to settle a well-known conjecture of Bando and Siu. Collaborated with Tian and Yin (Commun. Math. Helv. 2015), he extended the Sack-Uhlenbeck program to Yang-Mills equations and introduced the Yang-Mills alpha-flow to approximate the Yang-Mills flow in 4D. More recently, collaborated with his PhD student Schabrun (Calc. Var. PDEs 2019), he proved the energy identity for a sequence of Yang-Mills α-connections.

In the area of liquid crystals, he (Calc. Var. PDEs 2011) resolved a long-standing open problem on the global existence of the simplified Ericksen-Leslie system in 2D. Collaborated with Zhouping Xin (Adv. Math. 2012), he solved the global existence problem on the Ericksen-Leslie system with unequal Frank constants in 2D. Collaborated with Li and Xin (CPDE 2014), he resolved a problem on converging of the approximate Ericksen-Leslie system in 3D.

We estimate surface normal maps of an object from either its diffuse or specular reflectance using four spherical gradient illumination patterns. In contrast to traditional photometric stereo, the spherical patterns allow normals to be estimated simultaneously from any number of viewpoints. We present two polarized lighting techniques that allow the diffuse and specular normal maps of an object to be measured independently. For scattering materials, we show that the specular normal maps yield the best record of detailed surface shape while the diffuse normals deviate from the true surface normal due to subsurface scattering, and that this effect is dependent on wavelength. We show several applications of this acquisition technique. First, we capture normal maps of a facial performance simultaneously from several viewing positions using time-multiplexed illumination. Second, we show that highresolution normal maps based on the specular component can be used with structured light 3D scanning to quickly acquire high-resolution facial surface geometry using off-the-shelf digital still cameras. Finally, we present a realtime shading model that uses independently estimated normal maps for the specular and diffuse color channels to reproduce some of the perceptually important effects of subsurface scattering.

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Then Carter, one of our enterprise reps, started to take a different approach as he worked his accounts. He took off the blinders and considered others at the organization. Instead of hounding the admin, Carter began creating account maps showing the relationships between different people at the company.

Today, there is an account map for every top account we work with. This strategy is an integral piece of our sales process and has revolutionized the way we approach accounts and ultimately, the way we sell.

As they uncover these relationships, reps develop the emotional intelligence needed to understand the inner workings of an organization. And with this deep understanding, they can focus on perfecting the value-based sale.

An account map provides a holistic view of an account, helping you keep track of the influencers, blockers, champions, and buyers. If your reps start building it as soon as you start working an account, the map becomes a crucial reference throughout the deal cycle.

Change is an inevitable part of the sales org. Reps leave, new reps join, territories are realigned, and accounts are shifted. Each time an account changes hands, the new rep has to spend time and energy digging through CRM data to try and understand the new account. And even then, the rep misses insider information the previous rep had learned about an organization.

You can more quickly gain crucial executive support when leadership can clearly see that the sales team is executing. The use of account maps has led to increased executive sponsorship for our sales teams. We now have executive deal reviews in which our largest accounts are reviewed by our CEO and other senior executives.

These diagrams help us inform leadership quickly and clearly on the progression of a deal and help them understand how a rep is working the deal. As a sales leader, you will feel more confident presenting to your executive team when you have tangible evidence that your reps are working accounts deep enough. Once leadership understands the status, they can help connect your reps with the key individuals who can help the deal close faster.

Slaed and I took a break from planning the day, and let Jesse tell us what we should see and do. Jesse surfs, dives, works, studies, and most importantly adores living on Oahu. He was enthusiastic, confident, and excited for us! These are the best types of people to interact with when you want good advice. As a matter of fact, he desperately wanted to join us, but unfortunately had classes and work keeping him busy.

Thanks to our local buddy, we were not only fueled for the day with the best coffee on the island, but we had a clear plan for our morning, A plan complete with handwritten maps that were detailed and labeled. He even suggested (and marked on the map) exactly where to jump into the water for the best waves and snorkeling!

Our kids have spent many a day playing in tidal pools at the beach. We have found that even though we spend endless hours planning adventurous activities for them, some of our best family days have been laid back ones spent at the beach. Great post ?

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