Speed Track is a 2007 Indian Malayalam-language Sports adventure film directed by S. L. Puram Jayasurya, starring Dileep, Gajala, Riyaz Khan, and Madhu Warrier in the lead roles. The film marks the debut of Gajala in Malayalam cinema.[1][2][3]
The movie begins with the selection of new students in BCM College which is famous for sports and athletics. Arjun is a young athlete all set to create history with his speed and spirit. He is going through tough times, mentally and financially following his father's demise. His family badly needs him to keep them going. Arjun joins BCM College for the new academic year, but has some specific tasks and targets on behalf of joining the college.
Arjun who makes consistent performances on the track puts Tinu in the back seat and becomes the heartthrob of many within a short time. These defeats were more than something Tinu could handle. He starts to take it on Arjun on a very personal level apart from sporting spirits. This leads to nasty street fights between the two, resulting in the principal calling both of them for talks. The principal challenges them to take it on the field rather than going at each other. Both prepare to settle the score in the big race that follows. In the end, Anil, Arjun's brother, who is unable to walk, is seen playing basketball.
Chengannur: The railways have decided to develop the proposed Chengannur-Pamba railway link as semi-high speed railway track. Services will run on the double-tracked transit system only during the Sabarimala season. By travelling on the 60 kms stretch, one would be able to reach Pamba from Chengannur in just 45 minutes.
Vande Bharat trains will be used for running the service. There will be continuous services during the period. Railway chief administrative officer (construction) Shaji Skaria presented the draft plan of the project in a meeting held at the Chengannur railway station on Thursday, in the presence of MP Suresh Kodikunnil.
The survey procedures for the project are currently underway. Soil testing for the stretch between Chengannur-Vadasserikkara has been carried out. The approval of the forest department for carrying out soil-testing on the stretch between Vadasserikkara-Pamba is being awaited. The proposed track will not just be laid along the banks of Pamba river.
Earlier, there were rumours that the Chengannur-Pamba sky rail will be coming into existence. However, the railway officials have dismissed such rumours. 11.80 hectares of land will be acquired for the proposed project. However, the railways have not exactly estimated the budget for the project. The total expenditure can be determined only after preparing the final DPR.
A new station will be constructed along with the proposed Chengannur-Pamba railway line. The station is likely to be constructed in Madathil Padi or Hatchery. With the clubbing of the new railway line with the existing network, Chengannur station will transform into a junction.
Regions including Chengannur, Aranmula, Vadasserikkara, Nilakkal and Pamba are likely to have tunnel stations. The proposed railway line is likely to pass through places including Chengannur municipal council, Mallapuzhassery, Aranmula, Kozhencherry, Cherukol, Vadasserikara, Ranni, Keekozhoor, Seethathode, Athikkayam and Perunad.
Ocean movement is created by the governing principles of physics and chemistry. Friction, drag, and density all come into play when describing the nature of a wave, the movement of a current, or the ebb of a tide. Ocean motion is influenced by occurrences here on Earth that are familiar, like heat changes and wind. It also requires a shift in perspective to encompass the movement of planets, the Moon, and the Sun. Though it appears we live on a stable and stationary planet, we are, in fact, whipping through space around the Sun in an orbit and spinning on an axis. This planetary movement has a strong effect on how oceans move.
While the ocean as we know it has been in existence since the beginning of humanity, the familiar currents that help stabilize our climate may now be threatened. Climate change is altering the processes that propel water across the globe, and should this alter ocean currents, it would likely lead to a cascade of even more change.
In the Northern Hemisphere, the most northern system, the polar cell, blows air in a consistent southwestern direction toward a pocket of low pressure along the 60-degree latitude line. The middle system, the Ferrel cell, blows in a consistent northeastern direction toward the same 60-degree low. And the most southern system, the Hadley cell, blows air in a consistent southwestern direction toward a region of low pressure along the equator. The result is a global pattern of prevailing wind, and it is this consistent wind that impacts the ocean.
While it may appear that the ocean is a flat surface, the reality is that it is a series of hills and valleys in the water. At the places where the wind generated currents converge into each other, the ocean water is pushed to build a slight hill. Likewise, where the winds diverge, the ocean water dips in a slight depression.
Wind pushes water into hills of high pressure which leave behind valleys of low pressure. Since water is a liquid that prefers to stay at a level height, this creates an unstable situation. Following the pull of gravity, ocean water moves from the built-up areas of high pressure down to the valleys of low pressure.
But leave the surface of the planet, and the anchor keeping you in sync with the land beneath you disappears. Any moving object (plane, boat, hot air balloon, water) will begin its travels at the rotating speed of the location where it took off from. If it should travel north or south, the ground beneath it will be traveling at a different speed. Travel North from the Equator, and the ground will gradually spin slower beneath you. This causes an object attempting to travel in a straight line to veer to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and veer to the left in the Southern Hemisphere relative to the direction traveling.
The center of the gyres are relatively calm areas of the ocean. The Sargasso Sea, known for its vast expanses of floating Sargassum seaweed, exists in the North Atlantic gyre and is the only sea without land boundaries. Today, gyres are also areas where marine plastic and debris congregate. The most famous one is known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, but all five gyres are centers of plastic accumulation.
In addition to a change in direction, each sequential layer down loses energy and moves at a slower speed. Friction causes the water to move, but drag resists that movement, so as we travel from the top layer to the next, some of the energy is lost. When all the layers down the spiral are accounted for, the net direction of the water is perpendicular to the direction of the wind.
As warm Atlantic water from the Equator reaches the cold polar region in the North via the Gulf Stream, it rapidly cools. This region is also cold enough that the ocean water freezes, but only the water turns to ice. As the water freezes it leaves the salt behind, causing the surrounding water to become saltier and saltier. The cold, salty water then sinks in a mass movement to the deep ocean. It is this sinking that is a main driver for the entire deep-water circulation system that moves massive quantities of water around the globe. Cooling also occurs near Antarctica, but not to the extremes that happen in the Northern Hemisphere.
Currents also influence where large adult species can and want to go. Turtles and whales migrate annually to the plentiful waters of Georges Bank off the coast of New England, a place that is productive because of the warm waters brought north from the equator.
When waves crash onshore they can make a significant impact to the landscape by shifting entire islands of sand and carving out rocky coastlines. Storm waves can even move boulders the size of cars above the high tide line, leaving a massive boulder hundreds of feet inland. Until recently, scientists attributed the placement of these rogue boulders to past tsunami damage, however, a 2018 study upended this notion by carefully recording the movement of boulders along a swath of rocky coastline in Ireland over a time period in which no tsunamis occurred. In addition to over 1,000 mid-sized boulders, many reaching over 100 tons in weight, scientists recorded the movement of a 620-ton boulder (the same weight as 90 full-sized African elephants), showing that storm waves moved it over 8 feet (2.5 meters) in just one winter.
A wave forms in a series of crests and troughs. The crests are the peak heights of the wave and the troughs are the lowest valleys. A wave is described by its wavelength (or the distance between two sequential crests or two sequential troughs), the wave period (or the time it takes a wave to travel the wavelength), and the wave frequency (the number of wave crests that pass by a fixed location in a given amount of time). When a wave travels, it is passing through the water, but the water barely travels, rather it moves in a circular motion.
Waves on the ocean surface are usually formed by wind. When wind blows, it transfers the energy through friction. The faster the wind, the longer it blows, or the farther it can blow uninterrupted, the bigger the waves. Therefore, a wave's size depends on wind speed, wind duration, and the area over which the wind is blowing (the fetch). This variability leads to waves of all shapes and sizes. The smallest categories of waves are ripples, growing less than one foot (.3 m) high. The largest waves occur where there are big expanses of open water that wind can affect. Places famous for big waves include Waimea Bay in Hawaii, Jaws in Maui, Mavericks in California, Mullaghmore Head in Ireland, and Teahupoo in Tahiti. These large wave sites attract surfers, although occasionally, waves get just too big to surf. Some of the biggest waves are generated by storms like hurricanes. In 2004, Hurricane Ivan created waves that averaged around 60 feet (18 meters) high and the largest were almost 100 feet (30.5 meters) high. In 2019, hurricane Dorian also created a wave over 100 feet high in the northern Atlantic.
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