Perilous Times
Study: Exercise, tea and vitamin D to ward off dementia
By Mary Brophy Marcus, USA TODAY
Improved living and diet habits — including lots of physical activity,
regular tea-drinking and sufficient vitamin D levels — could reduce the
risk of brain decline, according to three studies presented Sunday.
"These are encouraging," says William Thies, chief medical and
scientific officer of the Alzheimer's Association. "These types of
studies make people think, 'Well gosh, maybe I can do something about
this disease.' "
The studies were presented at the Alzheimer's Association International
Conference in Honolulu.
One of the studies is from the Framingham, Mass., cardiovascular risk
study, in which researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital in
Boston, among others, tracked more than 1,200 elderly people over 20
years, 242 of whom developed dementia.
The researchers found that participants who had moderate to heavy
levels of physical activity had about a 40% lower risk of developing
any type of dementia. Those who reported the least amount of activity
were 45% more likely to develop dementia compared with those who logged
higher levels of activity.
In a second study, including data on more than 4,800 men and women ages
65 and older, participants were followed for up to 14 years. Tea
drinkers had less mental decline than non-tea drinkers. Those who drank
tea one to four times a week had average annual rates of decline 37%
lower than people who didn't drink tea.
Coffee didn't show any influence except at the highest levels of
consumption, researchers say. Author Lenore Arab of UCLA says,
"Interestingly, the observed associations are unlikely to be related to
caffeine, which is present in coffee at levels two to three times
higher than in tea."
In a third study, British researchers looked at vitamin D's effect on
brain health. They examined data from 3,325 U.S. adults ages 65 and
older from the NHANES III study. Vitamin D levels were measured by
blood test, and cognitive tests were administered. Odds of cognitive
impairment were about 42% higher in those deficient in vitamin D, and
394% higher in people severely deficient.
"Vitamin D is neuro-protective in a number of ways, including the
protection of the brain's blood supply and the clearance of toxins,"
says author David Llewellyn of the University of Exeter Peninsula
Medical School.
"More and more studies are suggesting that lifestyle changes may be
able to silence the expression of risk genes, a phenomenon called
epigenetics," says Duke University's Murali Doraiswamy, an expert on
aging. He says learning how to tap into that is going to be a high
priority.
ALZHEIMER'S AT A GLANCE
• 5.3 million Americans have it.
• Symptoms include memory loss and confusion.
• Half a million Americans in their 30s, 40s and 50s have Alzheimer's
or related dementia.
• It's the seventh leading cause of death.
Source: Alzheimer's Association