Plagues, Pestilences and Diseases
10 infants dead in California whooping cough outbreak
From Miriam Falco, CNN
October 20, 2010 10:10 p.m. EDT
STORY HIGHLIGHTS
* California health officials say it's the worst outbreak of
whooping cough in 60 years
* Nearly 6,000 confirmed or probable cases have been reported since
January 1
* Vaccinations prevent the spread of the highly contagious
bacterial disease
* "This is a preventable disease," says a health department
spokesman
(CNN) -- Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, has claimed the 10th
victim in California, in what health officials are calling the worst
outbreak in 60 years.
Since the beginning of the year, 5,978 confirmed, probable and
suspected cases of the disease have been reported in California.
All of the deaths occurred in infants under the age of 3 months, says
Michael Sicilia, a spokesman for the California Department of Public
Health. Nine were younger than 8 weeks old, which means they were too
young to have been vaccinated against this highly contagious bacterial
disease.
"This is a preventable disease," says Sicilia, because there is a
vaccine for whooping cough to protect those coming in contact with
infants, and thereby protect the infants.
However, some parents are choosing to not vaccinate their children. In
other cases, previously vaccinated children and adults may have lost
their immunity because the vaccine has worn off.
The vaccine "does not protect you for life," explains Alison Patti, a
spokesperson for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Sicilia says California Health Department epidemiologists estimate 50
percent of the children who have gotten sick were infected by their
parents or caregivers.
According to the recommended vaccine schedule for infants, newborns
don't get their first pertussis vaccine until they are 2 months old,
leaving them vulnerable to infection until then if the people
surrounding them are infected.
"That's why the real important message is -- whether it's a mom, dad,
sibling, grandfather or grandmother that comes in contact with these
really young babies -- all the close contacts, including the health
care professionals, need to vaccinated," says Patti. It's called the
"cocooning strategy," where the newborns are protected because the
older people around them have been vaccinated and protected from
pertussis, and therefore won't pass it on to little babies.
Pertussis, or whooping cough, is a highly contagious disease caused by
bacteria that can lead to severe upper respiratory infections. The
bacteria is spread in tiny droplets when an infected person coughs or
sneezes.
Initial symptoms are very similar to a cold, but a week or two later, a
violent cough develops.
"If you've ever seen a child with pertussis, you won't forget it" --
that's how the American Academy of Pediatrics explains what whooping
cough is on its website. The academy says a child with the disease
coughs so hard and so often "until the air is gone from his/her lungs
and he/she is forced to inhale with the loud 'whooping' sound that
gives the disease its nickname."
The cough can last for weeks and children can cough so hard and
rapidly,that blood vessels can burst and they have difficulty eating,
drinking and breathing. According to the CDC, "about 1 in 5 infants
with pertussis get pneumonia, and about 1 in 100 will have convulsions.
In rare cases (1 in 100), pertussis can be deadly, especially in
infants."
Parents and doctors can often miss the initial symptoms of pertussis in
the youngest patients because they often do not have the characteristic
cough with a "whoop" says Patti.
According to the National Institutes of Health, "the whoop noise is
rare in patients under 6 months and in adults."
That's why parents need to be alert to symptoms in themselves as well
as their children, says Patti. If there's a prolonged pause in
breathing or they have trouble breathing, that's an important sign and
parents should seek medical attention immediately, she explains.
"It's important to go to the doctor early on," says Patti because,
"antibiotics don't help you later."
Adults usually don't have the "whoop" cough, so they may not think they
have pertussis. Patti recommends if someone has a cough that doesn't go
away, they should get tested for pertussis.
Sicilia points out that the pertussis vaccine isn't perfect and its
protection wanes after about five years.
Health officials are urging everyone who hasn't had a pertussis vaccine
in the past five years or -- doesn't remember if they had one -- to get
the shot.