Macoulay Shikshan Padati
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eWdksys f’k{k.k i/nfr
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Hkkjrh; dYpjy flLVe dks cckZn djus ds fy, eWdksys dks ;gkWa Hkstk x;k@ eWdsys tc ;gkWa vk;k rks eWdksysus bl ns’k dk lOgsZ djk;k@ rks bl lOgsZ fd D;k fjiksVZ vkbZ dh fgaUnqLrku dk tks dYpjy flLVe gS oks ;gkWa ds xq:dqyksa ij fVdk gqvk gS@ bl ns’k esa Ldwy pyrs Fks budks xq:dwy dgkW tkrk Fkk@ lkjs ns’k esa Ldqyhax@xq:dwy fLlVe dSlk Fkk 1835 esa ;g tks lOgsZ gqok eSa mlhdh fjiksVZ vkidks crkrk gw eWdksys ds vkns’k ij 1500 ls 1600 vaxzst vf/kdkjh bl dk;Z dks djus dks dgk dh fgUnqLrku dh laLd`rh fdl ij fVdh gqbZ gS] rks lOgZs ls fudyk fd fgUnqLrku dh iqjh dh iqjh laLd`rh Ldqyksa@xq:dwyksa vkJe i/nfr ij fVdh gqbZ gS] vkJe i/nrh ls Ldwy pyrs gS@ rks Ldwyksa esa D;k&D;k i<krs Fks tks lOgsZ gS blhdk ,d fg fgLlk ns jgk gwa@ irk pys fd ;g ns’k dSlk jgk gksxk@
Eknzkl izlsMsafV esa vaxztks dh 1835 dh lOgsZ fd fjiksVZ crkrh gS fd nsM yk[k dkWyst gS@ eSaus ml tekus ds vaxzstksa ds ySaM jsfOgU;q ds jsdkMZ bafM;k vkWfQl yk;czsjh ls fudyok;s gS@ vkSj 1835 esa enzkl esa xkWao fdrus gS rks irk pyk dh VksVy xkWao 1]57]000 gtkj xkao gS vkSj dkWystl fdrus gS rks 1]50]000 vkSj vkWu ,u vOgjst rks gj xkao esa ,d dkWyst@xq:dwy gS@ vkSj vaxzst bls viuh VfeZukykWth esa D;k dgrs gS gk;j yfuZax bfUlfVV;wVl ekus mPp f’k{kk ds dkWyst gS dksbZ NksVs Ldqy ugha gS@ vkSj Ldwyksa ds ckjs esa ;g dgrs gS fd gj xkao esa nks&rhu Ldwy gS@ vkSj bu nsM yk[k dkWystl gS vkSj bu dkWystksa esa Ik<k;k D;k tkrk gS@ vkSj vaxzstksa dk ogh lOgsZ crkrk gS fd buesals 1500 dkWystl rks ltZjh ds dkWystl gS@ ;gkWa ,e ,l dh fMxzh feyrh gS@ laLd`r esa cMh Hkkjh fMxzh gS] ;g lkjs Hkkjr dh ckr ugha gS@ ;g rks 1@3 fgUnqLrku dh ckr py jgh gS@ ;gkW ij tks ;g ltZjh fd fMxzh ys jgs gS@ ;g i< dj ckgj fudyus okys yksx dkSu gS@ enzkl izlsMsfUl esa ,d tkfr gS bl tkfr dks vki bl ns’k esa ukbZ dgrs gS] tks cky cukrs gS@ dHkh&dHkh bl ns’k esa ,d xYrQgeh gks xbZ gS gedks] vaxzstks fd otg ls gqbZ gS@ bl ns’k esa ‘kqnzksa dks i<us fg ugha fn;k x;k@ ‘kqnzks ij rks czkEguksaus brus vR;kpkj fd;s fd ;g i<us fg ugh ik;s] vxj ukbZ bl ns’k esa ltZu gS rks ;g dSls laHko gS fd ‘kqnzks dks geus i<us ugh fn;k@ vkSj bl dkWystksa ds i<us okys LVqMaVks dk % D;k gS@ bl DykflfQds’ku fd;k vaxztks usa czkEg.k] {kf+=;] oS’;] ’kqnz buesa i<us okys ‘kqnzksa dk % 70 % gS@ vkSj % 30 % esa czzkEg.k Hkh gS] {kf+=; Hkh gS] vkSj oS’; Hkh gS@ vkSj mlh fjiksVZ esa ,d nqljh ckr gSS fd fgUnqLrku esa tks ‘kqnz gS buds gkFk esa lHkls cMh VsDukWykWth gS@ ;g vaxzstksa fd fjiksVZ gS vkSj VsDukWykWth dk V~kUlQj Hkh ;gh tkfr dj jgh gS@
enzkl esa vkSj enzkl ds vklikl ds bykds esa tkbZ;s ,d tkfr gS ogkWa ij budks iSfjgkj dgrs gS@ iSfjgkj tkfr vkt ds le; esa ;g lcls fupyh tkfr leth tkrh gS@ iqj lkmFk esa ysfdu 1835 esa bu tkfr fd gSfl;r D;k gS@ tks dkWystsl gS ogka ij vkfdZVsDV@fcfYMax fM>kbZuj dh la[;k 2200] 2300 ds vklikl gS enzkl izlsMsfUl ds dkWystksa ds ftrus Hkh egRroiw.kZ eq[; vkpk;Z gS os lc iSfjgkj gS@ vkSj buds ;gkW i<us okys ftrus Hkh cMs&cMs vkfdZVsDV gS os lc iSfjgkj tkfr ds gS@ nf{k.k Hkkjr eSa ftrus eanhj vkius tks ns[ks] feuk{khiqje dk gks enqjkbZ dk gks oxSjk oxSjk nf{k.k Hkkjr esa eanhjksa fd ,d ijaijk gS tks mRrj Hkkjr esa ugha gS@ eanhj ds fM>kbZu ds fglkc ls eSaus ,sls vn~Hkwr&vn~Hkwr eafnj ns[ksa gS] vki eafnj dsa ,d dksus esa Bgfj;s vkSj vkokt yxkbZ;s fd 3 fd-eh- ij nqljs dksus esa vkokt lqukbZ nsxh@ fM>kbZu@dUlV~D’ku dk ;g fM>kbZu cukus okyh tkfr gS] os iSfjgkj gS@ bu tkfr;ksa dk lcls cMk ;g dke jgk gS] nf{k.k Hkkjr esa eafnjks dks cukus dk] rks eafnj cukus okyh ;g tkfr gS] iqjs nf{k.k Hkkjr es etcwr ekfu tkfr gS@ ;g vaxztksa fd fjiksVZ gS@ blh iSfjgkj tkfr dks 1890 ds ckn cjckn fd;k gS@ ;g dSls ;gkWa ,d vaxzst vf/kdkjh gS bldk uke ,-vks-g;q ftlus ckn esa dkaWxzsl cukbZ] ;g enzkl dk dysDVj jgk gS] blh gSfl;r ls ,d uksfVfQds’ku tkjh fd;k vkSj dkuqu cuk fn;k@ vkt ds ckn iSfjgkj tkfr ds yksx vc eafnj ugha cuk;saxs@ vxj cuk;saxs rks ;g dkuquh vijk/k gksxk@ dkuqu cukdj eafnj cukus ij jks[k dj fn;k@ ufrtk D;k gqok 50&60 lky ds ckn ;g tkfr /khjs&/khjs ;g tkfr [kRe gks xbZ@ vkSj vkt fcYdqy fdukjs ij iMh gqbZ gS@
vaxztks us ,sls rksMk gS Hkkjrh; lekt dks] ,d bafM;u lkslk;Vh gS Hkkjr laLd`rh fd ;g fo’ks”kr% jgh gS dh] iqjh lkslk;Vh bufMisaMM jgh gS@ Qsl Vw Qsl dE;qfuVh gS ;kus ,d&nqljs ds ikl ,d gqUuj gS tks ,d nqljs dk gqUuj dke vk jgk gS@ ;gka dksbZ gS tks twrk cukrk gS] eq>s vxj twrk ysuk gS rks cnys esa eSa vukt ns jgk gq@ xsgqa] pkoy ns jgk gqa@ esjs xkao esa /kksch gS mldk diMk /kksus dk gqUuj] esjh nknha bld cnys xsgqa pkoy ns jgh gSa@ eSa tc Hkh xkao esa tkrk gq rks ;g ns[krk gq@ [kkl rjg dh lkslk;Vh gS gj ,d ds ikl ,d gqUuj fLdy gS bu lkslk;Vht dks bl ns’k esa ‘kqnz dgk x;k gS@ vkSj vaxztks us mudh gSfl;r uhps fxjkbZ] lkslk;Vht dks vxj rksMuk] fxjkuk gS vkSj budks vaxzstks dk xqyke cukuk gS] rks eWdksys dg jgk gS fdlh Hkh [ksr esa nqljh Qly ysus ds igys ml [ksr dks tedj [kwc tksrk tkrk gS] iqjkuh Qly dks iqjh rjg ls u”V dj fn;k tkrk gS@ ekus blds ckn esa fczVsu dh laLd`fr ds cht dks Mkyks rc ubZ Qly fudysxk@ oks nks ckrs dg jgk gS] Hkkjrh; lekt fd laLd`rh dks u”V djus ds fy, nks phts egRroiw.kZ gS @ igyh rks Hkkjr fd U;k; O;oLFkk gS bldks rksMuk gS@ vkSj nqljh Hkkjr dh tks f’k{kk O;oLFkk gS buhdks rksMuk gS@ vkSj Hkkjr fd f’k{kk O;oLFkk bruh tcjnLr gS] bldk o.kZu dj jgk gS 1835 esa igys fo’o esa dksbZ tkurk ugha fd ltZjh D;k gksrh gS@ baXySaM esa lcls igys ltZjh dh i<kbZ ‘kq: gqbZ gS 1910&11 es] vkSj fgUnqLrku esa gtkjks lky igys ls ltZjh dh i<kbZ gks jgh Fkh@ IykfLVd ltZjh D;k gksrh gS dksbZ ugha tkurs Fks 1850&60 rd fgUnqLrku esa blls dbZ lkS lky igys ls ;g tkurs Fks@ esjs ikl ,d vaxzst vf/kdkjh dk ifCyd LVsVesaV gS bldk uke gS tuZy dqV ;g ,d cMk vkWfQlj gS oks baXySaM ls Hkkjr y<us ds fy, vk;k gS@ gSnj vyh ,d nf{k.k Hkkjr dk ,d cMk jktk gS blds lkFk tuZy dqV y<rk gS vkSj gkj tkrk gS] gSnj vyh mls ekjrk ugha mldh ukd dkVrk gS vkSj dgrk gS fd rqe bXySaM tkvks vkSj tkds dg nks dh eS ukd dVok ds vk;k gqa@ fgUnqLrku esa ,d eqgkojk pyrk gS fd ukd dVkok yh ekus cSbtfr gks xbZ] gSnj vyh dgrk gS fd fczVsu ds yksx tkus fd rqe ukd dVokds vk;s gks@ rHkh tuZy dqV ogka ls Hkkx tkrk gS vkSj gSnj vyh ds lhek ds ckgj vk tkrk gS rks ,d xkao esa igqaprk gS rks ogka ,d HkkbZ mls feyrk gS rks og iqNrk gS fd dVh gqbZ ukd ysdj dgkWa tk jgs gks rc og dgrk gS fd pksV yx xbZ gS og >qV cksyrk gS@ vkSj vxj dgsxk fd ;q/n esa gkj x;k rks csbTtrh gks tk;sxh] blfy, dgrk gS fd pksV yx xbZ gS@ rc mlus dgka fd esjs xkao esa ,d oS| gS tks bl ukd dks tksM ldrk gS rks pyks mlds ikl rc duZy dqV us tks eseksogkj esa fy[kk gS fd nsM ?kaVs esjk vkWijs’ku pyk vkSj mlds ckn esjh ukd tksM nh vkSj mlds ckn tc og baXySaM x;k gS okil rks mldk ,d nksLr gS tks cgqr cMk ltZu gS mldks dgrk gS fd rqedks rks dqN Hkh ugha vkrk tk ds ns[k yks Hkkjr esa fdruh cMh ltZjh djrs gS rks og baXySaM ls ;gka vkrk gS rks Ns lkr lky ;gka jgrk gS vkSj ltZjh fl[k dj yaMu pyk tkrk gS@ rHkh yaMu esa ltZjh dk iRrk pyrk gS@ gedks lc myVk crkrs gS fd tks dqN yk;s vaxzstks us yk;s Hkkjr esa dqN Hkh ugha gS@ lPpkbZ lc mYVh gS ;gka ls tks dqN ys x;s gS] blh ds mij viuh eqgj yxk dj is’k dj jgs gS@ dgk dh ns[kks ge ys vk;s vkids fy,@ bruk cMk ,T;qds’ku flLVe bl ns’k esa pyrk gS rks blds fiNs dqN xgjh O;oLFkk gksxh vaxzst bls [kRe dj jgs gS@ bls feVkus ds fy, eWdksys ,d dkuqu cuk jgk gS bldk uke gS@ bafM;u ,T;qds’ku vWDV ;g ,T;qds’ku vWDV tc ykxq gksrk gS rks igys ftrus xq:dwy py jgs gS bls bfyxy ?kksf”kr dj nks ;g vaxzst ljdkj QSlyk djrh gS@ tc xq:dwyksa dks bfyxy ?kksf”kr dj fn;k tk;sxka rks xq:dqyksa dks nku nsus okys bfyxy gks tk;saxs vkSj xq:dqyksa dks nku ugha feysxk rks xq:dqy vius vki esa ;g can gks tk;saxs@ blds ckn ge D;k djsaxs bu xq:dqyksa ds cnys dkWUosUV Ldwy [kksysaxs ;g eWdksys@vaxzstks dh IyWfuax gS@ bu xq:dwyks ds yksxksa ds mij vR;kpkj gksrk gS bUgs ekjk tkrk gS] ihVk tkrk gS] tsy esa can fd;k tkrk gS@ vkSj dqN lky ds ckn iRrk pyk /khjs&/khjs xq:dwy can gksus yxrss gS@
vkSj fQj vaxzstks us ifgyk dkWUosUV Ldwy [kksyk gS] dydRrk esa vkSj ml dkWUosUV Ldwy esa cPpks dks i<kbZ ds fy, vWMfe’ku djokuk gS mlds fy, ,d vkneh bl ns’k esa [kMk fd;k x; gS mldk uke gS & jktk jke eksgujkW;] jktk jke eksgujkW; bl ns’k esa [kMs fd;s x;s gS vaxzstks fd rjQ ls rkds budk dkWUosUV Ldwy [kksyk gS@ bu dkWUosUV Ldwy esa cPpksa dks ykus dh ftEesnkjh nh gS@ vkSj jktk jke eksgujkW; vaxzstksa ds cMs Hkkjh leFkZd O;fDr gS@ bfrgkl esa vki bruk rks ‘kk;n i<k gksxk vaxzsth dh f’k{kk dks fgaUnqLrku ds xkao&xkao esa QSykus dk dke jktk jke eksgujkW; dks fn;k x;k gS@ mlds igys jktk jke eksgujkW; bZLV bafM;k daiuh esa DykdZ dh ukSdjh djrs gS] cknesa budks ukSdjh ls NqVh nh tkrh gS vkSj mUgsa dgka tkrk gS fd rqedks rqEgkjh ru[okg feysxh cl xkao&xkao esa dkWUosUV Ldwy [kksy nks vkSj cPpks dks bl Ldwy esa ykus dh rqEgkjh ftEesnkjh gS@ vc ml tekus esa dksbZ ekWa&cki vius cPpks dks dkWUosUV Ldwy esa dksbZ Hkstrk ugha] D;kas ugha Hkstrk] lcdkss ;s yxrk dh ;s Qkyrq dk Ldwy gS@ vkSj fQj jktk jke eksgujkW; xkaao&xkao tkrs gS@ eSa ,d xkao dk fdLlk lqukrk gwa rks vkidks irk pys ojtxk ,d txg gS dydRrk ds ikl x;s gS jktk jke eksgujkW; ogkWa ds xkao ds yksxksa dh fefVax cqykds dUosUl dj jgs gS fd vki vius cPpks dks dkWUosUV Ldwy dks Hksft,] rks ,d xkao dk fdlku muls iqNrk gS fd D;k feysxk ogka gekjs cPpksa dks] rks dgrs gS ogka vaxszth i<kbZ tk;sxh] rks fdlku muls iqNrk gS rks bl vaxzsth fd i<kbZ ls fQj D;k gksck] rks dgrs vkids cPps vaxzstksa tSls gks tk;saxs rks oks iqN jgk gS fd fQj gekjk D;k Qk;nk] fQj os dqN crk ugha ik jgs gS@ fQj os ,d rdZ ns jgs gS] fd vkids cPps VkbZ yxk;saxs] lqV&cwV igusaxs@ rks xkaookyk iwNrk gS fd ;s VkbZ D;k gksrh gS] mldks ;s ekywe ugha fd VkbZ D;k gksrh gS@ vkSj lgh fg ckr gS] bl xje ns’k esa VkbZ yxkus dk dksbZ eryc ugha] rks fQj muls iqN jgk gS VkbZ D;k gksrh gS] rks oks dgrs gS fd ,d diMk gksrk gS mls xys pkjksa rjQ cka/kk fn;k tkrk gS@ jktk jke eksgujk; ls og fdlku iqN jgk gS rks bldk bLrseky D;k gS@ rks jktk jke eksgujkW; crk jgs gS fd baXySaM esa lnhZ cgksr i<rh gS] vkSj bruh FkaMh i<rh gS fd gj le; tqdke jgrk gS@ rks xys ds utnhdh diMk cka/krs gS rks ckj ckj mlls ukd iksaNs] rks og fdlku dg jgk gS fd esjs ns’k esa rks xjeh iMrh gS@ rks esjs xkao ds cPpks dks rks t:jr ugha VkbZ yxkus dh] rks jktk jke eksgujkW; fcpkjs fujk’k gksdj ml xkao ls pys tkrs gS@ os okil ykSVrs gS] vkSj xkao dk dksbZ Hkh fdlku bl dkWUosUV Ldwy esa Hkstus dks rS;kj ugha gS@ vkSj blhds lkFk ,d nqljh ckr crkrk gqa ;gha ls tq<h gqbZ fd ;s dkWUosUV Ldwy ;qjksi esa D;ksa [kqys&&ogka D;ksa pyk;s x;s dkWUosUV Ldwy] ;qjksi esa ,d cMh Hkkjh ijaijk gS gtkjks lky iqjkuh@ oks ijaijk D;k gS] rks cPpksa dks ykokfjl NksM fn;k tkrk gS] vHkh ;s can gqbZ gS fiNys nkS lkS lky igys ;s pyrh Fkh@ cPpk iSnk gqvk ppZ ds lkeus NksM fn;k] cPpk iSnk gqvk] vukFkvkJe esa NksM fn;k x;k@ D;ksa fd ;g mudh ijaijk gS@ D;ksa gS ;s ijaijk eSa baXySaM dh tc fgLV~h i< jgk Fkk rks ;gka bruh xfjch gS fd cPpks dks ikyuk eqf’dy gS@ blfy, cPpk dks NksM nsrs gS] cPpk iSnk gksrs fg ppZ ds lkeus NksM fn;k ;k vukFkvkJe NksM fn;k@ cPpksa dks lkFk j[kus dk fjokt ugha gS@ blfy, vki tkurs ugha] blfy, dksbZ cPpk eEeh&iIik ds lkFk jgrk ugha gS@ lc NksM dj pys tkrs gS@ vkSj gtkjksa lky igys ls cPpksa dks lkFk esa j[kus dh ijaijk ugha gS@ vHkh nkS lkS lkys ls ;g ijaijk can gks xbZ gS@ ;g cnyh gS ;s tks ykokfj’k@ vukFk cPps gksrs gS] budks dgka j[kk tk;s ;qjksi esa ;s cMh Hkkjh izkWCyse jgh gS@ rks muds fy, ;s dkWUosaUV Ldwy [kksys x;s gS@ dkWUosUV Ldwy esa oks cPps tkrs gS ftuds eEeh dk irk ugha] iIik dk irk ugha gS@ tks ykokfj’k gS@ gekjs cPps D;ks tkrs gS@ ;gka rks eEeh Hkh gS] iIik Hkh gS@ vkSj vkt ls nkS lkS lky igys dksbZ eEeh&iIik dkWUosUV Ldwy dks Hkstus dks rS;kj ugha gS@ bruh rdZ lquus ds ckn Hkh dh cPpk VkbZ yxk;sxk@ vkSj vkt rks ykbZu yxh gqbZ gS@ igys ls fg dkWUosaUV esa vWMfe’ku djokuk gS@ cPpk iSnk ugha gqvk blds igys jftLV~s’ku djok nks HkkbZ] ugha feysxh txg] ek= nsMlkS lky esa bl ns’k esa bruh phts cny xbZ gS nkSlkS lky igys dksbZ dkWUosUV Ldqy tkuk ugha pkgrk] vkt rks ykbZu yxh gqbZ gS@ dkWUosUV Hkh dSls dSls gS eSa vHkh tkds vk;k ,d txg ogka eSaus ,d Ldwy dk uke i<k ctjaxcyh dkWUosUV Ldwy] vc iqfN;s dkWUosUV Ldwy ls ctjax cyh dk D;k ysuk nsuk] ysfdu gS@ rks xkao&xkao esa xyh&xyh esa ;s tks dkWUosUV Ldwy [kqy x;s gS ;s vkidh nsu ugh ;s eWdksys dh nsu gS@ eWdksys yk jgk gS flLVseWfVd rjh[ksls] rks buesa D;k flyWcl i<k;k tk jgk gS@ flyWcl r; gks jgk gS fd dkWUosUV Ldwy esa D;k i<k;k tk;@ 1858 esa igyh ckj flyWcl rS;kj gks jgk gS dkWUosUV Ldwy esa igyh f’k{kk fdz’pkujh dh fn tk;sxhS@ fdz’pkujh fd f’k{kk fn tk jgh gS] mlhds fglkc ls fdrkcs cu jgh gS mlhds fglkc ls flyWcl cu jgk gS@ vkSj tcjnLrh bl ns’k esa dkWUosUV Ldwy dk flLVe vk jgk gS@ igys 1860 esa bldks dkWUosUV Ldwy ugha dgrs Fks] vaxzsth nLrk,sotksa esa bldk uke gS Qzh Ldwy@ Qzh Ldwy blh dy Vw dkWUosUV Ldwy gS ml tekus esa] vHkh oks lc ds lc dkWUosUV Ldwy gks x;s gS@ D;ksa [kksys x;s dkWUosUV Ldwy ;qjksi es ftua cPpksa ds ekW ugha gS] firk ugha gS] HkkbZ ugha gS] cgu ugha gS@ fdlh dks ekywe ugha gS fd dkSu fdldk cPpk gS] vkSj ekywe ugha fd bl cPps dk ekWa&firk dkSu gS@ ;s ykokfj’k cPpksa dks ikyus ds fy, ;s dkWUosUV Ldwy [kksys tkrs gS@ geus D;ksa [kksy fy, gS bl ns’k es]a ;s ckr eSa ekurk gw fd 1947 ds igys dkWUosUV Ldwy Fks mudh pyrh Fkh mudk dkuwu Fkk] mudh ljdkj Fkh] tcjnLrh ;s bl ns’k esa pykrs Fks@ ge xqyke Fks@ geus ,d fnu fglkc yxk;k 1945 ds igys ftrus dkWUosUV Ldwy Fks bl ns’k esa] vkSj vktknh ds 50 lky ckn rks ;s 3 ls 4 xqus T;knk c< x;s gS@ vkSj vaxzst bl ns’k esa tks yk jgs gS ;g flLVe D;ksa yk jgs gS@ rkfd Hkkjrh; laLd`rh dk uk’k fd;k tk;] vkSj eWdksys fy[k jgk gS] fpB~Bh tks vius firk dks fy[k jgk gS] ;g cgqr fg e’kgqj fpB~Bh gS@ ftldk ftdz fgUnqLrku ds dbZ ckj vk;k gS@ bu dkWUosUV Ldwyksa esa tc ;s cPps i<saxs vkSj ;s ,sls vaxzstks fnekx ds gksaxs ds budks vius ns’k ds ckjs esa dqN ekywe ugha gksxk@ budks viuh laLd`rh ds ckjs esa dqN ekywe ugha gksxk@ budks viuh ijaijkvks ds ckjs esa dqNa ekywe ugha gksxk@ budks viuh phtksa ds ckjs esa dqN ekyqe ugh gksxk@ budks vius eqogkjs ekywe ugha gksaxs@ budks vius fFklsl ekywe ugha gksaxs@ ;s lc ds lc fons’kh gks tk;saxs@ vkSj ,sls cPps tc fgUnqLrku esa iSnk gksus yxasxs] vxj bl ns’k ls vaxszt pys Hkh] tk; ysfdu vaxzsft;r ugha tk;sxh bl ns’kls] ;g ckr eWdksys fy[k jgk gS vius fpB~Bh esa] ge ogh lPpkbZ ns[k jgs gS@ vkSj geus fdl rdZ ij dkWUosUV Ldwyksa dks viuk fy;k gS@ vjs lkc vaxzsth rks baVjuW’kuy Hkk”kk gS@ eSa nqfu;k ds gj ,d O;fDr ls eSa pWysat djrk gw fd tks ;g dgrk gS fd] vaxzst baVjuW’kuy Hkk”kk gS@ nqfu;k esa bl le; 200 ls T;k ns’k gS@ vkSj ek= 12 ns’kksa esa vaxzth Hkk”kk pyrh gS@ flQZ 12 ns’kksa esa pyrh gS vkSj 188 ns’kksa esa mudh ekr`Hkk”kk pyrh gS@ rks dSls vaxszth baVjuW’kuy Hkk”kk gS@ vaaxzsth baVjuW’kuy Hkk”kk rc ekuh tkrh] tc nqfu;k ds 200 esa ls 150 ns’kksa esa vaxzsth Hkk”kk pyrh@ eSa eku ysrk dh ;g vaxzsth baVjuW’kuy Hkk”kk gS@ ek= 12 ns’kks esa vaxzsth Hkk”kk cksyh tkrh gS@ vefjdk gS] dWuMk gS] fczVsu gS] vkSj FkksMklk yWfVu gS ogka rks yWfVu pyrh gS@ vaxzsth Hkk”kk f[kpMh cu xbZ gS yWfVu Hkk”kk ds lkFk] ,d vkSj nqljk rdZ gS fd vaxzsth esa cgksar ‘kCn gS@ dqy fxu fyft, vaxzsth ds ‘kCnksa dh la[;k] dksbZ Hkh cMh ls cMh fMD’kujh mBk fyft,] dWfEczt ykbZ;s ;k vkWDlQksMZ ykbZ;s vkSj ‘kCnksa dks fxu fyft, blesa vksfjtuy ‘kCn fdrus gS@ vkSj nqljh Hkk”kkvksa ls fy, x;s fdrus ‘kCn fy;s gS@ rks vkidks irk pysxk dh iqjh vaxzsth Hkk”kk esa muds vius vksfjtuy ‘kCn ek+= 12]000 gS@ vksuyh VosYog RFkkmtaM gS@ vkSj vdsyh xqtjkrh esa vksfjtuy ‘kCnksa fd la[;k 40]000 gS@ vkSj ejkBh esa vksfjtuy 42 ls 45]000 ‘kCnksa fd la[;k gS@ vkSj fganh esa vius vksfjtuy ‘kCnksa fd la[;k 70]000 ls mij ‘kCn gS@ rks vaxszth esa ‘kCn gS dgka fQj vaxzsth ds ‘kCn lc pksjh fd;s x;s ‘kCn gS@ ;k rks Qszap ds gS] ;k rks yWfVu ds gS] ;k rks xzhd Hkk”kk ds iqjkus ‘kCn gS@ ;k rks b/kj lkmFk bZLV ,f’k;k ds Hkk”kk ds ‘kCn gS@ vaxzsth ds ikl viuk dksbZ ‘kCn ugha gS@ vkSj ;s Hkk”kk bruh ykpkj gS] bruh iaxq gS] dh pkpk gks] rkm gks] ekek gks] Qqik gks ;s lc vady gS@ pkph gks]rkbZ gks] HkkHkh gks]ukuh gks lc vkaVh gS@ muds ikl buds vykok dksbZ ‘kCn fg ugha gS@ ftl Hkk”kk esa vius fj’rsnkjksa dks dguss ds ‘kCn ugha gks] ;s Hkk”kk dSls vPNh Hkk”kk ekuh tk;sxh] vkSj blesa ,slk ?kupDdj gks tkrk gS dHkh&dHkh dh buykWt gS vc irk ugha fd mudh rjQ ds gS ;k viuh rjQ ds gS@ yMdh okyksa dh rjQ ds gS ;k yMds okyksa dh rjQ ls gS@ nksuksa fg buykWt gks tkrs gS@ fgUnqLrku esa rks ifjokjksa ds tks fj’rs gS@ fd brus ek;dzks ysoy is fMQkbZu fd;s tkrs gS@ cqok dh]QqQh dh] ekSlh dh] rkbZ dh ek;dzks ysoy ds fj’rs gS@ D;ksads gekjs ikl mlds ‘kCn gS@ ge fMQkbZu dj ldrs gS@ muds ikl ‘kCn fg ugha gS fMQkbZu djus ds fy,] dSls ge ekus dh ;g vaxzsth vPNh Hkk”kk gS@ dHkh&dHkh ;s rdZ nsrs gS yksx fd lkc vaxzsth ugha gksrh rks lkabZl vkSj VsDukWykWth dh i<kbZ ugha gks ldrh@ vkSj eSa dgrk gwa ds fcuk vaxszth ds fg lkabZl vkSj VsDukWykWth dh i<kbZ gksrh gS@ nqfu;k esa nks ns’k bldk mnkgj.k gS@ ,d tkiku vkSj QzkWl iqjs tkiku esa pys tkbZ;s bftfuvfjax ds ftrus dkWyst gS]a esfMdy dkWyst ds ftrus dkWyst gS ;gka dh iqjh i<kbZ tkiuht esa gksrh gS@ dksbZ vaxzsth esa ugha i<rk@ tkiku ds pkVZM vdkmaUVUV] tkiku ds eWustesVa esa dke djusokys lkjs lVqMUV tkikuht esa i<rs gS@ rks lkbZal vkSj VsDukWykWth dh i<kbZ flQZ vaxzsth esa gksrh gS ;g nqfu;k dk lcls j|h rdZ gS@ Qzkal esa pys tkbZ;s cpiu ls ysdj vkSj mPp f’k{kk rd lc Qszzap esa i<k;k tkrk gS@ vkSj Qzkal esa rks eSa jgk gwa] rks eSaus ns[kk gS fd] fdlh vkneh dks vaxzsth esa ckr dfj;s rks ,slh ukd p<kds eqag dj ysrk gS] uk tkus irk ugha vkius fdruk c<k vijk/k fd;k gS@ vkSj VqVh QqVh Qzsap esa vki mlls nks ‘kCn dg fnft, eWfQ,] okQok cMZl rks bruk [kq’k gks tk;sxk fd esjh Qszap rks cksyh Hkys fg VwVh QqVh cksyh] vkSj eSaus ,d ckj ,d Qszap lkabZfVVl gS] ftuds lkFk eSaus dke fd;k lkSjckWaM esa] tc eSa ;gkWaa lkabZfVLV Fkk@ ,d ckj eSaus muls iwNk fd vkius viuh Fksfll fdl Hkk”kk esa fy[kh] os Qkzl ds lcls cMs lkbZafUVLV gS bl le; vkSj vHkh nks lky igys mudks ukscy izkbZt feyk@ eS tca muds lkFk dke djrk Fkk rc mudk uke Fkk] ukscy iWusy esa ysfdu feyk ugha Fkk@ vHkh nks lky igys ukscy izkbZl feyk@ ,d fnu eSaus muls iwNk fd vkius viuh Fksfll fdl Hkk”kk esa fy[kh] rks mUgksaus dgkWa Qzsap esa fy[kh@ rHkh eSaus muls dgk fd vkidks fdlh us dHkh VkSUV ufg fd;k D;k vkius vaxzzsth esas D;ksa ugh fy[kk@ rks mUgksus dgkW fd eSa dksbZ ikxy vkneh gw] ftldks tks dguk gS oks dgrk jgs@ eq>s yxrk gS ftl Hkk”kk esa lcls vPNk dke dj ldrk gw mlh Hkk”kk esa eSaus dke fd;k@ vkSj rc mUgksaus eq>s ,d ckr dgh eSaus esjs thou esa Hkh eglql fd] mUgksus eq>ls dgkaZ jktho tc Hkh dksbZ ekSfyd dke rqedks djuk gks] rks rqe fons’kh Hkk”kk esa dj ugha ldrs ;g ckr dks fy[k yks] fdlh Hkh Mk;jh esa] ekSfyd dke tc rqedks djuk gksxk@ rks rqe rqEgkjh ek= Hkk”kk esa fg dj ikvksxs ek= fdlh nqljh Hkk”kk es ugha dj ikvksxsa] vxj udy djuk gks fdlh nqljs dh rks rqe ek=Hkk”kk NksMdj nqljh Hkk”kk esa dj ldrs gks@ ysfdu dksbZ ekSfyd dke rqedks djuk gks] rks rqe tks gS dHkh ugha dj ldksxs vaxszth esa] vkSj etkd eSa mUgksaus eq>ls dgka fd ;g ckr fcYdqy lp gS@ mUgksaus dgka rqe ;s crkvksa fd rqEgkjs fgUnqLrku esa ukscy ykWfj;y D;ksa ugha iSnk gksrs@ rqEgkjk ns’k tc xqyke Fkk] rc nks ukscy ykWfj;y iSnk gq;s@ igyk ukscy ykWfj;y Fkk jfoanzukFk VSxksj] vkSj jfoanzukFk VSxksj us fdl Hkk”kk esa fy[kh gS xhrkatyh] os rks ckaxyk esa fy[kh gS@ ckaxyk esa fy[kh gqbZ xhrkatyh ij ukscy iqjLdkj feyk gS mudks] vaxzsth esa fy[ks gqos ys[kksa ij ugha feyk] D;ksa ugha feyk] D;ksafd vaxzsth esa jfoanzukFk VSxksj mruk vPNk ugha fy[k ldrs@ ftruk vPNk ckaxyk esa fy[k ldrss@ vkSj nqljs Fks txnh’kpanz clq] txnh’kpanz clq fd iqjh dh iqjh Fkslhl ckaxyk Hkk”kk esa gS@ rks os dgrs Fks fd rqEgkjs ns’k ij tc vaxzstksa dk jkT; pyrk Fkk@ rks nks ukscy iqjLdkjokys yksx iSnk gq;ss@ vc rks rqEgkjk jkT; pyrk gS] rks ykbu yx tkus pkfg, Fkh@ irk pyk fd vktknh ds ckn ,d Hkh ugha] vdky fg vdky gS ns’k esa ukscy ykWfj;y dk] vkSj tc Hkh gels NksVs&NksVs ns’k gS LohMu gS] MsuekdZ gS] ukWosZ gS] LohMu] MsuekdZ ukWosz dks dgq gekjs ns’k dh ,d flVh tSlk ,d daV~ht gS@ gekjs ,d&,d ‘kgj brus NksVs ns’k gS@ ;gkWa gj lky ukscy ykWfj;y iSnk gksrs gS gekjk ;gkWa 96 djksM dk ns’k ge ,d ukscy ykWfj;y iSnk ugha dj ikrs] dkj.k D;k gS] fparu gekjk ek=Hkk”kk esa ugha gS@ fparu vxj ek++=Hkk”kk esa ugha dj ldrs rks dHkh Hkh fodkl ugha gksrk fnek[k dk] ;g cgksr cMh xYrQgeh gS] gedks dh vaxzsth esa i<dj gekjk cPpk T;knk bafVfyft,UV cusxk@ ;s eSa mudh ckr dg jgk gw@ esjh ckr ugha dg jgk gq] ftuds lkFk dke fd;k ml Qzsap lkabfVLVus dgka fd] vxj dksbZ cPpk viuh ek=Hkk”kk esa dksbZ pht ;kn djs vkSj ogh cPpk nqljs ns’k dh Hkk”kk esa ogh pht ;kn djs] rks ek=Hkk”kk esa ftruh tYnh ;kn djsxk mlls Ns xquk T;knk le; mldks vaxzsth esa ;kn djus esa yxsxk@ vkSj uk flQZ Ns xquk le; yxsxk] cfYd oks fons’kh Hkk”kk esa ;kn ugha djsxk oks jVsxk] ‘kCn jVsxk vkSj jVs gq;s ‘kCnksa dks tkds bfErgku esa fy[kds pyk vk;sxk] nqljs fnu mldks ;kn ugha jgsxk fd dy eSaus dy D;k fy[kk gS@ fdlh Hkh cPpksa dks iqNs QksjFk Dykl esa rqeus D;k D;k jVk gS rks mldks ;kn ugha gS@ oks ukbUFk es i<rk gS@ ,sVFk lky dh ckr dks NksM fnft,k@ vxj rhu efgus igys dh ckr dks iqfN;s dh rqeus D;k mldks rks ;kn fg ugha jgrk@ ek=Hkk”kk esa rS;kj dh gqbZ pht vki tYnh ;kn dj ldrs gS@ vkidk Ns xquk de le; yxsxk@ fons’kh Hkk”kk esa] vaxzsth esa rS;kj fd gqb ckr dks le>us T;knk fnu yxrs gS@ esjs le> esa vk;k fd] ,echch,l djrs djrs lk< ikap lky D;ksa yxrs gS@ pkVZM vdkamaVV fd i<kbZ djrs&djrs Ns&lkr lky D;ksa yxrs gS@ vkSj ,echch,l ds ckn ,eMh dj fyft, rc rks 10 lky x;s@ ;g iDdk eku fyft,@ lPpkbZ D;k gS] ,echch,l dk VksVy flyWcl ek= ikous nksu lky dk gS@a flQZ ikousnks lky esa iqjh dj ldrk gS@ tks bldk dUVsUl gS@ ysfdu mlesaa le; cgksr yxrk gS D;ksafd vaxzsth gS@ blh rjg baftfuvjhax i<kbZ dk flyWcl bl ns’k esa i<k;k tkrk gS] eSa rks vk;vk;Vh esa jg pqdk gw] blfy, eSa dg jgk gwa] ftruk flyWcl gedks i<k;k tkrk gS vxj oks esjh ek=Hkk”kk esa i<k;k tkrk rks eSa lk<srhu lky esa ,eVsd djds ckgj fudy vkrk@ ysfdu ogh ,eVsd djus ds fy, eq>s djhc&djhc lk<slkr vkB lky yx x;sS@ rks esjs thou dk tks lcls egRroiw.kZ le; gS] tks xksYMu fifj;M gS@ oks ,d fons’kh Hkk”kk ds dkj.k cjckn gks jgk gS@ rks eSa dHkh&dHkh iwNrk gq mu eEeh&ikikvksals fd vkidks ;s vf/kdkj fdlus fn;k fd vius cPpksa ds djksMks&djksMks ?kaVs vki cjckn djss@ fdlus vkidks ;g vf/kdkj fn;k@ vkSj fdlus vkidks ;g vf/kdkj fn;k fd vki ds cPps vius jgrs gq;s vius vkidks ykokfj’k dgyokus Ldwyksa dkWUosUV Ldqyksa esa tkdj i<s] vkSj ;s vki vius cPpksa ij lcls cMk vR;kpkj dj jgs gS] tc vki mudks vaxzsth esa i<k jgs gS@ vki ml cPpksa ds fny dk nnZ ugha tkurs] eSa tkurk gq D;ksfd eSa i< ds vk;k gw@ vkSj oks cPps ds fny dk nnZ D;k gS] oks eS vkidksa ‘ksvj dj jgk g]w esjh ekWa iqjs le; esa ;g tkurh ugha dh esjk csVk D;k i< jgk gS] bl fy, V;qVj j[kuk i<rk gS] ekWa ls c<dj cMk dksbZ V;qVj gksrk ugha] ekWMuZ lkbZal Hkh vc bl ckr dks Lohdkj djrk gS@ ekWa ls cMk f’k{kd cPps ds fy, dksbZ nqljk gksrk ugha] ysfdu iqjs le; esa esjs ekWa dks ekywe ugha dh mldk cPpk D;k i< jgk gS D;ks] D;ksa fd ekWa dh tks Le`fr;k gS] ekWa ds eu esa tks X;ku gS] laLdkj gS] mldk bl vaxzsth f’k{kk ls dqN ysuk nsuk ugha gS@ vkSj geus dSls viuh ekrkvksa dks csodwQ ?kksf”kr dj fn;k] bl ns’k dh yk[kks&yk[kks djksMks ekark,a nqfu;k dh lcls
baVfyft,UV gS fd oks rqylh dks ik.kh nsrh gS@ ysdhu gekjs ns’k us bUgs fjtsDV dj fn;k@ D;ksafd muds ikl ih,pMh ugha gS@ muds ikl ,eVsd dh fMxzh ugha gS@ ysdhu mudks ekyqe gS dh rqylh ds ikS/kks eSa ikuh yxk;k tkrk gS@ D;ksa yxk;k tkrk gS rqy’kh ds ikS/ks esa ikuh] D;ksafd rqy’kh dk ikS/kk vkWfDl’ku nsrk] nqfu;k esa ;s vn~Qwr fdLe dh QSDVjh gS vkWfdfltu iSnk djus okyh mkki bldks ikuh fnft,@ rqy’kh dk ikS/kk ikuh dks vkSj vkWfdfltu vkSj gSM~kstu dks vyx dj nsrk@ ,pVqvks ls vksVw vyx gks tkrk vkSj vkWfdfltu ckgj fudyrh gS@ mldks vius QksVkfslUFksfll fd izfdz;k dks iqjk pykus esa ikuh dh t:jr gksrh gS@ esjh ekWa jkst rqy’kh ds ikS/kks dks ikuh nsrh gS@ bruh cMh lkabfVfQd dke dj jgh gS oks ysdhu geus rks mls dgk csdkj vui< D;ksafd mldks ih,pMh ugha feyh gS@ dgk oks i<h fy[kh ugha gS@ vkSj lk{kjrk fdldks djuh gS esjh ekWa dks dgus dks vk;saxs dh rqe lk{kj gks tkvks] D;ksafd rqedks , ch lh Mh fy[kuk ugha vkrk@ ysdhu os bruh cMh lkabZfVLV gS dh jkst rqy’kh ds ikS/kks esa ikuh ns jgh gS esjs tSls csodwQ tks fZMxzh ysds fudyrs gS ysdhu mudks ekywe ugha dh] rqy’kh ds ikS/kks dks ikuh fn;k tkrk gS@ gedks ugha i<k;k fdlhus rqy’kh ds ikS/kks dks ikuh fn;k tkrk gS@ esjh ekWa dks mldh ekWa us i<k;k dh rqy’kh ds ikS/kks esa ikuh fn;k tkrk gS@ fdruk cMk oSKkfud deZ oks dj jgh gS@ ysdhu ge dg jgs dh oks i<h fy[kh ugha gS@ D;ksafd oks lk{kj ugha gS@ rks ge fdldks lk{kj cukus tk jgs gks mu yksxksa dks lk{kj cukus tk jgs gS tks gels T;knk f’kf{kr gS@ ge tks dqN ugha tkurs gS oks ekuds cSBs gS fd lkjh lk{kjrk gekjs fg ikl gS@ D;ksafd ge tkurs gS] , Qkj ,Iiy ch Qkj ckW; vkSj lh Qkj dWV oks esjh ekW ugha tkurh mldks dguk gksxk rks oks dqN vkSj rjh[ks ls dgyk;sxh@ geus rks dg fn;k dh oks csdkj gS@ oks dqN Hkh i<h fy[kh ugha gS mldks rks dqN vkrk ugha gS@ mldks lk{kj cukuk gS@ vkSj lPpkbZ ;s gS fd lk{kjrk gedks muls fl[kuh pkfg,@ rqy’kh ds ikS/kks esa ikuh D;ksa fn;k tkrk gS@ ;g nqfu;k dk lcls cMk oSKkfud deZ gS@ uhe dk nkrwu D;ksa fd;k tkrk gS ;g nqfu;k dk lcls cMk oSKkfud deZ gS@ ;g oSKkfud deZ djus okys yksx fgUnqLrku ds xkao&xkao esa jgrs gS@ ysfdu geus D;k fd;k gS oks csodwQ gS D;ksafd os vaxzsth ugha tkurs@ vkSj ge vaxzsth tkuus okys yksx ‘kk;n nqfu;k ds lcls cMs bfM;V gS@ ;g eSa cgksr dUosgD’kUls dg jgk gw@ D;ksafd geesals dksbZ Hkh vkneh oks dke dj ugha ldrk tks xkao dk fdlku dj ldrk@ ,d ckj eSa ,d xkao esa x;k rks ,d fdlku dks eSaus ns[kk fd cSy dks [kksyrs gq, vkSj gy esa tksnrs gq,@ eSaus FkksMh nsj nks fefuV vius eu esa lkspk dh ekuyks ;g dke vxj eq>s djuk i<s rks] cSy dgha gksxk vkSj eSa dgh gqaxk@ eSa ugha dj ldrk ml dke dks] cSy dks dgka ls [kksy dj gy esa yxkuk gS] ;g fLdy mlds ikl gS@ vkSj ftl vkneh ds ikl bruk cMk fLdy gS rks mldks geus dgka fd ;g vufLdYM yscj gS@ ;g rks vaxzstks us fn gqbZ ifjHkk”kk gS@ vkSj ;s lkjh ifjHkk”kk fudyh dgka ls gS] blh vaxzsth ,T;wds’ku flLVe ls] geus gksf’k;kj fdldks ekuk] geus bafVfyft,UV fdldks ekuk] lVj&iVj vaxzsth esa nl&ckjg okD; tks cksy lds] xzWesVjsdfy budjsDV gks ysdhu tks ftruh QkLV vaxzsth cksys oks mruk bafVfyft,UV gS] ;g geus ekU;rk, cuk nh] tcjnLrhs xqtjkrh cksy ldrs gS] ejkBh cksy ldrs gS baizs’ku tekus ds fy, vaxzsth esa cksyrs pys tk;s rkfd lkeus okys is jkSc iMs@ fdldks jkSc Mky jgs gks HkkbZ] rqe rks [kqn rks vius eu esa brus fgu gks x;s gks] fd viuh ekr`Hkk”kk esa ckr ugha dj ldrs@ vkSj tks lekt viuh ekr`Hkk”kk ls dV tkrk gS] ml lekt dk dHkh Hkyk ugha gks ldrk@ tkiku xqyke gqvk Fkk vaxzstksa dk] ;s vktdh ckr ugha 300]350 lky iqjkuh ckr gS@ vkSj tkiku esa dkWUosUV Ldwy [kksy fn;s Fks vaxzstks us] mu dkWUosUV Ldwyks esa i<kus ds fy,] dqN ikap ,d yk[k yksxksa fd QkSt [kMh dj fn Fkh i<kus ds fy,] tkiku tc vk>kn gks x;k fczVsu dh xqykeh ls tkikuhl yksaxksa us lcls igyk dke tkurs gS D;k fd;k Fkk] vaxszth Ldwyksa dk uk’k dj fn;k Fkk@ vkSj ml fnu ds ckn ls tikuht yksaxksa us ladYi fy;k Fkk fd dksbZ cPpk vaxzsth esa ugha i<sxk@ lc cPps tikuht esa i<ars gS@ vkSj vkt nqfu;k esa tiku fd bdkWukeh vefjdk dh bdkWukWfels VDdj ys jgh gS@ pk;uk ,d nqljk ns’k gS] dksbZ Hkh cPpk ogkWa vaaxzsth esa ugha i<rk] vkSj pk;uk dh bdkWukeh nqfu;k esa bl le; esa yktZj bdkWukeh ekuh tkrh gS@ lcls T;knk ck;cszu bdkWukeh gS pk;uk dh] ,slh fg nqfu;k esa Qkal gS dksbZ vaxzsth esa ughas i<rk@ ysfdu Qkzal ;qjksi esa bl le;a dkQh vkxs gS@
gekjs eu es ;ga xYrQgeh gS fd] vaxzsth esa i<saxs rHkh vkxs c<sxs@ bl xYrQgehes ls ckgj fudy vkbZ;s fd vaxzstks us nh gqbZ xqykeh dh O;oLFkk dks vkt Hkh ge bl ns’k esa pyk jgs gS@ vkSj blfy, eS ;s dgrk gq fd ;s tks vaxzsft;r dk flLVe gS ;g vaxzstksa dh xqykeh ds le; ls py jgk gS] vkSj vktknh ds 50 lky Hkys gh vk x;s gS] ysdhu O;oLFkk ogh py jgh gS@ vaxzstks dk cuk;k vk;ihlh py jgk gS@ vaxzstks dk cuk;k gqok lhvkjihlh py jgk gS] vaxzstks dk cuk;k gqok lhihlh py jgk gS] dHkh&dHkh ,d etkd esa esjs dqN nksLr eq>dks dgrs gS fd] jktho vaxzst ugha vkrs rks bl ns’k esa U;k; ugha feyrk] vaxzst vk;s rks U;k; feyk bl ns’k dks] rks eSa mudks ,d dgkuh lqukrk gqa dh vaxzstksa ds igys gekjk dSlk U;k; Fkk] vkSj vaxzstks ds ckn dSlk U;k; gS@ gekjs ns’k esa ,d jktk Fkk mldk uke Fkk panzxqIr fodzekfnR; mlds jkT; esa nks efgykvksa esa >xMk gks x;k] D;k >xMk gqok] ,d cPpk Fkk mldks Dyse djusokyh nks ekrk,sa Fkh@ ,d ekrk dgrh Fkh fd ;s esjk gS] nqljh dgrh Fkh dh ;s esjk gS@ vc ml >xMs dks ysdjs nksuks ekrk;sa xbZ dksVZ esa] jktk dh T;qfMf’k;y dkamafly cSBh eqdnek is’k fd;k x;k@ ,d efgyk [kMh gqbZ mlus ;g fl?n dj fn;k ;s esjk cPpk gS] vkSj nqljh Hkh [kMh gks xbZ mlus Hkh fl?n dj fn;k dh ;s esjk cPpk gS@ jktk us dgk fd ryokj ys ds vkvks] vk/kk&vk/kk dkV yks] vk/kk ,d dks ns nks vkSj vk/kk nqljs ,d dks ns nks] tSls fg jktk us ryokj eaxkbZ] vkSj cPps dks dkVus dh ckr dgh] oSlh fg vlyh ekWa [kMh gks xbZ] vkSj dgus yxh ugha&ughs cPpksa dks dkVks er] Hkys fg bldks nqljh ekWa dks ns nks] D;ksafd dksbZ Hkh vlyh ekWa gksxh rks vius lkeus dSls vius cPpksa dks dVrk gqvk ns[k ldrh Fkh] jktk dks irk py x;k dh ;s fg vlyh ekWa gS] rks jktkus ml cPps dks mlds vlyh ekWa dks ns fn;k@ <kbZ feuV ds vanj iqjs dsl dk QSlyk gks x;k@ ;gh dsl ysdj vki lqfize dksVZ esa pys tkbZ;s] dels de chl lky yx tk;saxs vkidks fd irk ugha pysusokyk fd dkSu vlyh ekW gS] vkSj dkSu udyh ekWa] chl lky ds igys bl dsl dk QSlyka gks ugh ldrk] vaxzstksa ds igys ,slk U;k; Fkk fd <kbZ fefuV esa dsl dk QSlyk gksrk Fkk] vaxzstksa ds tekus ls ,slk U;k; vk;k gS fd chl lky yx tkrs gS] nksuksa ekrk,a ej tk;sxh] cPpk Hkh ej tk;sxk] irk ugh yxusokyk fd dkSu thrk vkSj dkSu gkjk] djksMks&djksMks dsl isafMax iMs jg tkrs gS] U;k; ugha gksrk ;s vaxzstksa dh O;oLFkk gS] gekjs O;oLFkk esa <kbZ fefuV esa U;k; gksrk Fkk@ ;s euls phtksa dks fudkfy,] gekjs eu esa ,slh phts cSBh gS fd bl ns’k es vaxzst ugh vkrs] bZLV bafM;k da- uagh vkrh rks bl ns’k dk Hkyk ugha gksrk Fkk oxSjk&oxSjk ;s lkjh ckrsa eq>s yxrk gS fd xqykeh dh nkSj dh ckrs gS@ vkSj bu xqykeh ds nkSj dh ckrks ls vxj vki blls ckgj fudy vk;s ekufld :Ik ls fudys] ‘kkjhfjd :i ls rks ckn esa fudysaxs] igys ekufld :ils ckgj fudyrs rks bl ns’k dk fQjls oks fifj;M okil vk ldrk gS] tks lksus dh fpfM;kokyk fifj;M Fkk] ge ‘kkfjfjd ls ugha ekufld :Ik ls xqyke gS@ gedks ges’kk fczVsu fd] ;qjksi dh] vesfjdk fd rjQ ns[kus dh vknr iM xbZ gS@ oks D;k djrs gS ge mlh dks Qkyks djrs gS@ gedks gekjs rjQ ns[kus dh vknr ugha gS@ eS vkidks ;gh dks’kh’k dj jgk gq brus yacs O;k[kku ds ckn fd bl ekufld xqykeh ls igys ckgj fudy vkbZ;s] ;s ekufld xqykeh cgksr [krjukd gS] vkSj bl ekufld xqykeh esa ls ckgj fudy us rjh[ks D;k gS] igyk rfjdk ;g gS fd bl ns’k dh tks ijaijk;s gS vkSj bl ns’k dk tks bfrgkl gS] bl ns’k dh tks lH;rk,as gS mldh Bhd ls tkudkjh ysuss dh dks’kh’k dfj;s@ gedks gekjh ijaijkvksa ds ckjs esa dqN ekyqe ugha gS@ dksbZ dg nsrk gS rks ge eku ysrs gS fd ,slk fg bZl ns’k esa gS@ tcrd gedks gekjh ns’k dh ijaijkvksa dh xgjh tkudkjh ugha gksaxh rks laLd`rh dh tkudkjh vkidks gks ugha ldrh vkSj mu ijaijkvksa vkSj laLd`rh dh tkudkjhvksa dks vki gkfly dj ysaxs rks ekufld xqykeh esa ls ckgj vk tk;saxs@ vkSj vxj ge ekufld xqykeh ls ckgj vk x;s rks bl ns’k dks cgksr vkxs ys tk ldsaxs@ D;ksafd tks ekufld xqyke gksrk gS oks dHkh fodkl ughsa dj ikrk xqyke cudj jgrk] etnqj cudj jgrk] nkl cuds jgrk gS] ukSdj cudj jgrk gS] ekfyd ugha curk dHkh] gekjh ,sfl;r ;gh gS dh igys vaxsztksa ds xqyke Fks] vc vesfjdk ds xqyke gS@ igys ;qjksi ds xqyke Fks vc vesfjdk ds xqyke gS@ xqykeh dh ijaijk oks tk ugha jgh gS] bl xqykeh esa ls ckgj fudyuk] vkSj bl xqykeh ls ckgj fudyus ds fy, fl/nkar D;k gS] Hkkjrh; lka[; n’kZu tks gS uk mlesa ,d okD; gS] usfr&usfr bldk vFkZ gS] usfr ekus] uk bfr& uk bfr] uk bfr ekus ;s ugha] ;s ugha] vc D;k gqvk gS bl ns’k esa tcls xqyke gq;s vaxzstksa ge uk dguk NksM fn;k] gka th] gka th dgrs gS@ xqyke vkneh dh fu’kkuh irk gS D;k gS] oks dgrk gS ;l lj] vksds lj] jkbZV lj] Ogsfj xqM lj] QkbZu lj] oks dHkh ugha dgrk uks lj] ;g xYr gS] vkius ns[kk gS bl ns’k esas tks xqyke gksrs gS uk] pijk’kh dh rjg QkbZy yxk;s ;l lj] vksds lj] jkbZV lj] QkbZu lj] Ogsfj xqM lj eSaus ns[kk ,slsa yksaxksa dks] ;l lj] QkbZu lj] vksds lj] jkbZV lj] Ogsfj xqM lj dgus okyh fg iztk xqyke gksrh gS@ tks iztk uk ugha dgrh] xyr dks xyr ugha dgrh oks iztk xqyke gksrh gS@ tks xyr gS mldks xyr dgus dh fgEer iSnk dj;s@ vkSj vxj ;s xyr gS rks xyr ds lkFk viuk fj’rk rksMus dk dke fdfj;s] xyr dks izksRlkgu er fnft,] vkidks vxj ;g le> esa vkrk gS] vaxzsth Ldwy] dkWUosUVh Ldwy cgksr xyr gS muls dksbZ Hkyk ugha gks jgk rks blls fj’rk rksM fnft,@ vius cPpksa dks bu vaxzsth Ldwyksa dks Hkstuk can dj fnft,@ rks vkidks yxsxk fd fQj D;k gksxk@ gks ldrk gS] nks lkys ds ckn] ikap lky ds ckn xqtjkrh Ldwy cgksr vPNs gks tk;s D;ksa vki tks vkidk Mksus’ku tks gS vaxzsth Ldwyksa esa pyk tkrk gS] gtkjks>kjksa :Ik;s dk Mksus’ku bu vaxzsth Ldwyksa dks feyrk oks Mksus’ku vc xqtjkrh Ldwyksa dks esa tkuk ‘kq: gks tk;] xqtjkrh Ldqy Hkh oSls gks tk;saxs tSls vaxzsth Ldwy gS@ vkidk Mksus’ku vxj ejkBh Ldwyksa esa tkuk ‘kq: gks tk; rks ejkBh Ldwy Hkh mrus fg vPNs gks tk;saxs tSls vaxzsth Ldwy gS@ ;s rks vkids nku dk izHkko gS tks ogka pyk tkrks gS] vkidk nku ;gka vk tk;s rks ;s Hkh gjs Hkjs gks tk;saxs vkSj os lq[k tk;saxs] vxj vkids cPps b/kj dks vk tk;s i<us ds fy, xqtjkrh esa] ejkBh esa]caxkyh esa] rsyxq esa] rfey esa]dUuM esa] fgaUnh esa] bu lkjh Hkk”kkvksa esa vxj ge vius cPpks dks i<kuk ‘kq: djss rks bl vaxzsth;r dk fj’rk VwVsxk vkSj bl ekufld xqykeh ls fj’rk VwVsxk@ vkSj eq>ls vki ;s iqNsa fd tkiku us bruh rjDdh D;ksa dj yh gS] rks eSa ,d fg tokc nwaxk fd tkiku ds yksxksa eas viuh ek=Hkk”kk ls ftruk I;kj gS] mruk fg vius ns’k ls I;kj gS@ ftl ns’k ds yksx viuh ek=Hkk”kk ls I;kj ugha djrs oks dHkh ns’k ls I;kj ugha dj ldrs@ >wBk fn[kkok djrs gS] tks viuh ek=Hkk”kk dks ugha ekurk] oks ns’k dks dSls ekusxk] blfy, tkiku ds cPpksa esa cpiu ls dqV&dqV dj uW’kuWfyVh fd Hkkouk Hkjh tkrh gS@ gekjs iz/kkuea=h gS tks vaxzsth esa ckr djrs gS muds lkFk] rks dHkh Hkh ;s ckr lp ugha gS fd gekjk cPpk vaxszth esa ugha i<sxk rks oks fiNs jg tk;sxk] lPpkbZ blls mYVh gS] gekjk cPpk ek=Hkk”kk esa i<sxk rks fg oks gksf’k;kj cusxk vkSj rHkh mldk MsOgiesaV gksxk@ mldk dkj.k D;k mldk lh/kklk dkj.k gS vxj vkidk cPpk ek=Hkk”kk esa dksbZ pht ;kn djs ftrus tYnh ;kn djsxs mlls Ns xquk T;knk le; mldks yxrk gS vaxzsths esa ;kn djus esa] vxj dksbZ loky vkidk cPpk ;kn djus esa vk/kk ?kaVk esa ;kn dj ldrk gS rkss ogh loky ek=Hkk”kk esa ;kn djus dks de ls de 3 ?kaVk yxsxk@ rks D;k gks jgk gS bl ns’k dk gj oks fo|kFkhZ tks vaxzsth ek/;e ls i< jgk gS] oks fo|kFkhZ vius thou esa Ns xquk T;knk le; cjckn dj jgk gS@ vkSj bl fglkc ls ekus fd bl ns’k esa cPpks dh tula[;k nl djksM dh la[;k gS rks ge bu fgUnqLrku dh fo|kFkhZ;ksa dk 60 djksM ?kaVs dk le; cjckn dj jgs gS flQZ blfy, ds mudks vaxzsth ek/;eksa esa i<k;k tk jgk gS@ vkSj dbZ yksx eq>ls dgrk gS fd jktho HkkbZ vaxszth cgksr cMh vPNh Hkk”kk gS] vaxzsth cgksr le`/n Hkk”kk gS@ vkSj mudks eSa ;g rdZ nsrk gw fd fdlh Hkh Hkk”kk dh le`/nh bl ckr ls r; gksrh gS dh mlesa fdrus ‘kCn gS@ vkSj vaxzsth Hkk”kk esa dqy feykdj ek= 12]000 ‘kCn gS@ vkSj ek= 12000 ‘kCnksa okyh Hkk”kk gS vaxzsth vkSj xqtjkrh Hkk”kk esa bl le; 40]000 gtkj ‘kCn gS rks le`/n Hkk”kk xqtjkrh gS ;k vaxzsth] ejkBh Hkk”kk esa bl le; 48]000 ls T;knk ‘kCn gS] vkSj fgaUnh fd ckr djuk ‘kq: dj nq rks] fgUnh esa yxHkxa 70]000 ls 80]000 gtkj ‘kCn gS@ rks le`/n Hkk”kk vaxzsth ugha gS] le`/n Hkk”kk xqtjkrh gS] ejkBh gS] fgUnh gS] rsyxq gS] rfey gS] dUuM gS] efY;kye gS] lkjh Hkk”kk;sa le`/n gS@ vkSj ,d tkudkjh vkSj ns nw vaxzsath nqfu;k dh lcls j|h Hkk”kk gS@ D;ksa dh bl Hkk”kk ds fu;e dHkh Hkh ,d tSls ugha gksrs] nqfu;k essa lcls vPNh Hkk”kk oks ekuh tkrh gS ftlds fu;e ,d tSls gks] tSls laLd`r Hkk”kk ds fu;e vkt ls gtkjksa lky igys ls ogh fu;e vkt Hkh gS ysdhu ;g ckr vaxszth ds ckjs esa ugha dg ldrs] vaxszth esa ek= 200 lky igys Vhvkb,l Fkk vc fy[k tkrk gS Vh,pvkbZ,l fy[kk tkrk gS@ ;s D;k pDdj gS@ vaxztksa Hkk”kk esa ek= 150 lky igys Lisfyax vyx gksrh Fkh mu ‘kCnksa fd Lisfyax cny xbZ gS cMh iSekus is cny xbZ gS@ vkSj vaxzsth Hkk”kk ,d ,slh Hkk”kk gS irk fg ugha pyrk izksukWUl ,d tSlk gksrk ughs] vkWLV~fy;k esa vki tkbZ;s mls dguk gS VqMs rks fczVsu esa tkbZ;s dgsxk VqMs] vkSj vkWLV~sfy;k esa dgsxk Vq Mk;] Vq Mk; rks dHkh&dHkh eq>s vk’p;s gksrk Fkk fd Vq Mk; ekus ejus ds fy, ysfdu oks dg jgk Vq Ms ekus vkt letesa fg ugha vkrk] LdkWVysaM esa pys tkbZ;s ,d izksukWUl feysxk vkSj vk;ZySM esa nqljk izkukWUl feysxk] baXysaM esa pys tkbZ; frljk vk tk;sxk@ vkWLV~fy;k pys tkbZ;s pkSFkk fey tk;sxk] vesfjdk igqap tkbZ; ikapok fey tk;sxk@ vesfjdk vkSj fczVsu esa ;gh >xMk gksrk gS ,d esa >sM dk iz;ksx djrs gS nqljs esa ,l dk iz;ksx djrs gS dksbZ fu;e fg ugha cuk ik;s vkt rd bl fglkc ls rks vaxzsth nqfu;k dh lcls j|h Hkk”kk vkSj fQj ,d tkudkjh ns nq cgksr tu rdZ nsrs gS fd vaxzsth baVjuW’kuy Hkk”kk gS@ vkSj eSa vkidks crk jgk gq lkjh nqfu;k esa ek= 12 ns’k gS tgkWa fd ek=Hkk”kk vaxzsth gS ckdh 188 ns’kksa dh ek=Hkk”kk vaxzsth ugha gS@ nqfu;k esa vxj 200 ns’k gS ek= 12 ns’kksa dh Hkk”kk vaxzsth dSlh gks xbZ@ ;s rks ek;ukWfjVh dh yWaXost gS@ tula[;k ds vk/kkj ij nsf[k;s ek= 2]3 izfr’kr vaxzsth cksyus okyksa dh gS@ eqf’dy ls 2] 3 izfr’kr] iqjh nqfu;k dh tula[;k ge ekus 6 vjc gS@ 600 djksM dh] eqf’dy ls 3 izfr’kr gS] vaxzsth cksyrs ;k le>rs gS@ ckdh lkjs ds lkjs ukWu vaxzsth okys yksx gS@ rks dSlh eSa ekuq dh vaxzsth baVjuW’kuy Hkk”kk gS@ ml fglkc ls ekuq rks baVjuW’kyu yWaXost pk;uht gks ldrh gS@ D;ksafd lcls T;knk cksyusokyksa dh la[;k nqfu;k esa pk;uht Hkk”kka gS@ vxj dksbZ 2 jh Hkk”kk gS rks oks fgUnh fg gks ldrh gS@ pk;uht ds ckn fgaUnh lcls T;knk cksyus okyh Hkk”kk gS@ vkSj vaxzsth lcls j|h Hkk”kk D;ksa gS] dh pkpk vady gS] rkm Hkh vady gS] ekek Hkh vady gS]ekSlk Hkh vady gS] QqQk Hkh vady gS] QwQkk tSlk Hkh dksbZ vady gS@ pkph vkaVh gS] rkbZ Hkh vkaVh gS] ekeh Hkh vkaVh gS] ekSlh Hkh vkaVh gS] vc tjk crkbZ;s] ekeh vkSj ekSlh esa fdruk cMk Qjd gS@ tjk crkbZ;s Hkh lgh D;k ekeh vkSj ekSalh cjkcj gks ldrh gS@ ;k ekek vkSj rkm ,d tSls gks ldrs gS@ ;k dkdk vkSj ekek ,d gks ldrs gS@ muds ;gkWa lc vkaVh ;k vady gS@ tkurs gS pDdj D;k] pDdj ;g gS fd muds ikl vius fj’rks dks fMQkbZu djus ds ‘kCn ugha gS@ vkSj ftl Hkk”kk esa vius fj’rsnkjksa fMQkbZu djus ds fy, ‘kCn ugha gS oks lcls j|h Hkk”kk gS@ ;s [kke[kke dh xyrQgeh vk xbZ gS] vaxszth cMh maph Hkk”kk gS@ ;gka vaxzst vk x;s xYrh ls ge xqyke gks x;s blfy, vaxzsth vk xbZ bl ns’k esa vxj vaxzst ugha vkrs rks ‘kk;n laLd`r bl ns’k dh jk”V~Hkk”kk gksrh@ vkSj vkt ,d tkudkjh ns nw] nqfu;k esa dkWEI;qVj ds fy, lcls T;knk oSKkfud Hkk”kk vxj dksbZ gS rks oks laLd`r gS] vkSj ;s lkjs oSKkfud dg jgs gS@ dkWEI;qVj pykus ds fy, tks oscvkYxkjthu rS;kj fd;k x;k gS oks laLd`r dh enn ls rS;kj gks x;k gS@ nqfu;k esa tks lqij dkWEI;qVj py jgs gS mu lqij dkWEI;qVj dh izksxzWfeax laLd`r esa djus dh dks’kh’k py jgh gS@ ‘kk;n vki ugha tkurs laLd`r ij T;knk fjlpZ bl le; teZuh esa py jgh gS@ D;ksa ikxy ugha gS oks yksx tkurs gS dh bl Hkk”kk esa fdruk [ktkuk fNik gqok gS@ oks tkurs gS fgUnqLrku esa yk[kks&yk[kks nLrk,sot vHkh Hkh j[ks gqos gS laLd`r esa] ftl ns’k esa fdaerh [ktkus fNis gqos gS] vkSj vkidks vkidh Hkk”kk ls dkVdj fons’kh Hkk”kk esa Mky fn;k x;k gS@ vkSj ;s fons’kh Hkk”kk esa xgjk vlj fnekx ij iMrk gS@ pWayst ds lkFk dgrk gq dksbZ Hkkh rhlekj[kkWa vaxzsth esa cksyrk gS rks tkurs gS oks D;k djrk gS ek=Hkk”kk esa igys lksprk gS fQj vaxszth esa V~kULysV djrk gS@ nqxuh esgur djrk rHkh oks vaxzsth cksyrk gS@ vkSj vkidks ,d tkudkjh ns nq vki vius thou ds vR;ar futh {k.kksa esa ek=&ek= ek=Hkk”kk dk bLrseky djrs gS@ dHkh nqljh Hkk”kk fudyrh eqagls tc chekj gksrs gS] d”V gksrk gS rks ekWa fudyrk gS eqag ls] eEeh ugha fudyrk enj ugha fudyrk] ekWe ugha fudyrk D;ksa vkSj vxj vc cgksr T;knk xqLlk gksrs gS rks xkyh eqga esa ek=Hkk”kk esa fg fudyrh] vaxszth esa ugha fudyrh rks vki vius thou ds O;Lrre futh {k.k gksrs gS rks ek=Hkk”kk esa fg ckr dj ldrs gS@ vkSj rc bl cPps dks vaxzsth esa Mky fn;k gS mlds mij fdruk cks>k iMrk gS bldk vkidks vanktk ugha gS@ vki vius ?kj esa ek=Hkk”kk esa ckrs djrs gS] dPNh esa ckrs djrs gS] xqtjkrh esa ckrs djrs gS] fgaUnh esa ckrs djrs gS] cPpk bUgh ckrksa dks lqulqudj Hkk”kk fl[krk gS@ cPpk dSls fl[krk gS] cPpk fl[krk gS udy djds tSls vki izkWfu;Ul djrs gS oSlk fg cPpk izkWfu;Ul djus dh dks’kh’k djrk gS] rHkh mlds Hkk”kk dk fodkl gksrk gS@ ij ,d :Ik ls tks fl[k dj vk;k gS@ Bhd mldks mYVh Hkk”kk esa i<us ds fy, etcwj djrs gS@ rks urhtk D;k fudyrk gS] oks cPpk i<rk ugha gS oks jVrk gS phtksa dks vkSj eS xqtjkrh esa dgwa oks iksiV gks tkrk gS@ tks iksiV gks tkrk gS cPpk mldh [kkfl;r gksrh gS fdlh Hkh cPps dks vki i<kbZ;s] eku fyft, oks cPpk 8 esa i<rk gS rks bfErgku ds fy, oks i<sxk ugha jVsxk@ bfErgku esa oks fy[kdj vk;sxk 2 fnu ds iqN fyft, dh mldks dqN Hkh ;kn ugha gS D;k fy[kk gS nks fnu igys] nks fnu ckn Hkqy tk;sxk fd mlus D;k fy[kk gS@ ,d lky dh rks ckr fg NksM fnft, eq>s dqN ;kn ughas gS vaxzsth esa ftruh phts jVh gS@ oks eq> vkt dqN ;kn ughas gS@ dSls vaxzsft;r fd f’k{kk O;oLFkk dSls gksrh gS eSa esjk ,d mnkgj.k nsuk pkgrk gwa@ eSa d+{kk 9 esa tc i<rk Fkk@ rks eq>dks ekj&ekj ds ,d QkeqZyk fl[kk;k x;k eWFkseWfVDl dk ,Dl Iyl ok; btdyVw Vq ,Dl ok; lDosvj vkSj blhdks fl[kk;k x;k ,Dl ek;ul ok; bthdYVw Ldosvj ek;ul] vDlj D;k gksrk Fkk] eSa dqN Hkwy tkrk Fkk] D;k Hkqy tkrk Fkk ,Dl ek;usl esa Iyl gksxk ;k ok; ek;usl esa Iyl gksxk ;g ckr esa vDlj Hkqy tkrk Fkk@ rks vDlj D;k gksrk Fkk ,Dl ek;usl esa ok; Vq fy[krk Fkk ;k ,Dl ek;usl Vq ok; fy[krk Fkk@ vDlj xf.kr esa esjs uacj dV tkrs Fks rks esjh fiVkbZ gks tkrh Fkh@ vkSj ml fiVkbZ ds Mj ls eSa ,d ckj rhu efgus lkjh i<kbZ can djds ;s Qkjeqys jVuk ‘kq: fd;k vkSj rhu efgus jVrk jgk jVrk jgk] nfl;ks fdyks dkWQh dh j+|h dh QkeqZyksa ds jVus ds fy, vkSj vkt esjs thou esa ;s nksuksa QkeqZyksa dk egRo ugha gS@ eSa nks o”kZ fjlpZ izkWtsDV esa dke Hkh djrk jgk lkbafV;LV dh gSfl;r ls dksbZ bLrseky ugha gqok@ vkSj bu nksuksa QkeqZyksa dks rS;kj djus ds fy, esjs thou dk 3 efgus yxk fn;k] fiVkbZ [kkbZ] MkaV [kkbZ] v/;kid ls csbTtrh lgu dh] rq ukyk;d gks] rqedks ;s nksu QkeqZys Hkh ;kn ugha gksrs] bruh fiVkbZ gqbZ]csbTtrh gqbZ Dykl esa D;ksafd ;s nks QkeqZys ;kn ughaa gksrs Fks] vkSj bruk le; cjckn djds nks QkeqZys ;kn fd;s bu QkeqZys dk d:a D;k esjs thou esa vkSj ,slk ,d ugha gS] gtkjks>kjks mnkgj.k ns ldrk gq] tks dqN vkids cPps ;kn dj jgs gS] cPps i< jgs gS muesals eqf’dy ls 5 izfr’kr muds thou esa dke vkus okyk gS@ 95% rks csdkj fg tkus okyk gS@ gekjs cPpksa ij dk ckstk tkurs gS D;k cuk jgs gS@ ge cPpksa dks x/kk cuk jgs gS@ x/kk D;k gksrk gS] ckstk yknrs tkbZ;s&yknrs tkbZ;s ,sls fg gekjk cPpksa ij flyWcl dk cks>k yknrs fg tk jgs] yknrs fg tk jgs gS@ ekus ge gekjs cPpksa dks x/kk cuk jgs gS@ bruk gkseodZ V;w’ku i<kus x;s rks oks Hkh gkseodZ feyrk@ iyVdj mu fVpjksa ls iqN ;s dSls gkseodZ fd;k tk; mudks ugha vkrks gS dh oks dSlk fd;k tk;@ ejs ,d ifjfpr nksLr gS gfjHkkbZ mudk NksVk lk cPpk dkWUosUV Ldwy esa i<rk gS vHkh eSa ,d fnu muds ?kj x;k rks oks jks jgs Fks os cMs mnkl cSBs Fks dgus yxs bldh fVpj us bldks gkseodZ ns fn;k] D;k gkseodZ ns fn;k gS] lk;dy ds iqjs ,as’kh iqjs iqjtksa ds uke fy[kdj ys vkvks@ vkSj mudk uke fy[krs gq;s ,d&,d okD; fy[kdj ys vkvks] eSaus ml cPps dks dgk fd rqe viuh fVpj dks tkdj ;g dguk] ,d&,d okD; cukdj nsnks rc eSa fy[kdj ns nw fd oks fdruh i<h fy[kh gqbZ@ tks gkseodZ v/;kid ugha dj ldrs oks gkseodZ cPpksa ds mij ykn nsrs gS@ ckn esa D;k gksrk gS] mldh [kqUul fudkyus ds fy, cPpksa dks ekjrs gS vkSj fiVrs gS@ mudks MkaVrs gS vkSj mudh csbTtrh djrs gS@ vkSj cPpksa dk fnek[k dqafVr dj nsrs gS@ ;s tks f’k{kk O;oLFkk gS] ;s cPpksa dks x/kk cukusokyh O;oLFkk gS@ vkSj eWdksys us ;g O;oLFkk bl ns’k esa pkyw fd Fkh rkfd ns’k ds cPps x/ks cus bafVfytUV ugha cus] blh f’k{kk O;oLFkk dk ifj.kke gS ;g ns’k esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gS@ tc ge xqyke Fks rks gekjs ns’k esa nks ukscy ykWfj;y iSnk gqos@ vc vktknh vk xbZ gS rks ,d dk Hkh irk ugha bl ns’k esa vkSj gels fi/nh fi/nh lk ns’k gS nqfu;k esa tgka gj lky dksbZ uk dksbZ ukscy ykWfj;y iSnk gksrk gks tkrk gS@ ;s tkurs gS ukscy ykWfj;y dkSu gksrk gS] tks cPpk ekSfyd dke djrk gS] dqN u;k dke djrk gS oks ukscy izkbZt ikrk gS@ ukscy izkbZt ikus ds fy, ih,pMh djuk t:jh ugha gS@ chVd ,eVsd djuk t:jh ugha gS] U;qVu d{kk 10 esa Qsy gks x;k Fkk@ ml U;qVu dks ge lc ;kn djrs gS@ vkbZfULVu d{kk 10 ds vkxs i< ughas ik;k ml vkbZfULVu dks ge ;kn djrs gS@ eWDlIysu us bruh D;qjh fn lkjh nqfu;k esa bZ bth dy Vw ,p U;q nsus okyk eWDlIysu dHkh Ldqy eqag ns[kk ugha] ‘ksDlfi;j dHkh ih,pMh djds ughs vk;k] gekjs ns’k esa nsf[k;s rqylhnkl us dkSulh fo’ofo|ky; ls ih,pMh yh Fkh ges crk;s] vkSj mudh fy[kh gqbZ jkepfjrekul iqjs fgUnqLrku ds xkao&xkao esa xkbZ tkrh gS@ egf”kZ osn O;kl us dkSulh fMxzh yh Fkh dh egkHkkjr lkjs Hkkjr esa xkbZ tkrh gS] vkSj blis fjlpZ fd tkrh gS@ bafVystUV gksus ls dHkh dksbZ fMxzh ysus dk dkj.k ugha cfYd bl ns’k esa ;g fl/n gks x;k gS fd ftlus fMxzh;k ugha yh gS oks bafVfytUV gS@ vkSj mUgksus ekSfyd dke fd;k gS] fMxzh ysus okys rks cks>s ds fups ncs jgrs gS budk esaVy MsOgyiesa ugha gks tkrk@ vkSj rc eSa vkils dqN dgus vk x;k gq] bl ns’k esa xqykeh dk ekgkSy Fkk ogh xqykeh vkt Hkh py jgh gS@ tks f’k{kk O;oLFkk vaxzstksa ds tekus esa Fkh oks vkt Hkh py jgh gS@ U;k; O;oLFkk ml tekus esa Fkh oks vkt Hkh py jgh gS@ ftl rjg ds dkuqu ml tekus esa Fks oks dkuqu vkt Hkh py jgs gS vkSj ftl rjg dh vFkZO;oLFkk vaxzstksa ds tekus esa Fkh ogh vFkZO;oLFkk vkt Hkh py jgh gS lc vki iqNs fd D;k djs jkLrk D;k gS blesa ls jkLrk nks fg gS igyk jkLrk ;g gS vki ftl fnu tkxsaxs lcsjk mlh fnu eku fyft, vc rd vki lks jgs Fks Bhd gS ekyqe ugha Fkk] tkudkjh ugh Fkh vxj vki vkt tx x;s gS rks eku fyft, vkt fg lcsjk gS@ ml lcsjs fd ‘kq:okr dSls djs fd vki vius cPpksa dks dkWUosUV Ldwy ls ckgj fudky fyft,@ mudks xqtjkrh ek/;e ds Ldqy dks Hksft, vkSj xfYr ls Hkh dHkh fdlh dks Hkh lykg er fnft, fd vki vius cPpksa dks vaxzsth ek/;eksa esa fl[ks D;ksafd bl vaxzsft;r dh O;oLFkk dks cnyuk gS rks vkidks vius cPpksa dks ek=Hkk”kk esa fg i<uk gksxk ugh arks oks vaxzsft;r esa fg Qalrs pys tk;sxsa@
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a