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The current study aimed to determine the level of fear of COVID-19 among Indian residents using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and compare it with demographic variables. This cross-sectional online survey conducted among the Indian population employed a convenient snowball sampling technique. Age, gender, marital status, educational qualifications, health care worker status and state of residence were the demographic details (six items) collected. The seven-item FCV-19S was used to assess fear regarding COVID-19 on a five-point Likert scale. The mean score for the responses was calculated and compared based on demographic variables. A comparison of low and high levels of fear and a multiple logistic regression analysis of levels of fear with demographic variables were conducted. p p = 0.08) and health care worker status (p = 0.02) revealed a significant difference based on the level of fear. Females, married status, lower educational status and being a health care worker displayed significantly higher odds for high level of fear compared to their respective counterparts in this study population. The findings of this study may help to identify the groups most at risk and formulate tailor-made intervention strategies to ensure their optimal health in this time of global crisis.
The culture of fear preceded the incident with the teacher. Other parents, teachers and former students told me they were concerned with the issues my story meant to describe, about how America is failing to support its Native American students, but they worried for their jobs, with the district or with the tribe, if they expressed their views. More importantly, they worried that a pall could be cast upon their children, students in the school.
Journalism has the potential to disrupt the status quo, to provide a voice for the voiceless and, ideally, to help the vulnerable. Yet the time frame for such change can be long, and our ability as reporters to protect our sources in the interim can be limited.
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'Our pet dog died recently. Ever since that incident, my mother is saying that her time is also nearing. And that I need to think about my future now. I want to ask, how you manage to survive once both your parents are no more? Do you rely on others or face life alone? What if you suddenly fall ill? I am financially stable and working - but, what about emotional support? It is very stressful to think about a future when you don't have anybody to stand by you.'
Yesterday evening, a divorced, single woman, in her forties, also a single mother to an eight-year-old boy and a community member, based in Kolkata, texted anxiously on our Status Single Watsapp group.
This opened up the floor for what I think is a critical conversation on single women in India, now numbered at over 74 million - over 7 crore in this lockdown, and a topic we shudder to think of - an inevitable truth, that is a taboo in Indian society - where aloneness in a woman, is never openly deliberated or celebrated, planned for (as the inevitable assumption is that a woman will migrate from her father's home to her husband's and then her son's), and, neither, is ageing (again a topic we hate, given that youth is at a premium, for women) and thus, dying, all by ourselves.
As a 42-year-old, only daughter who still lives and care-gives to her ageing parents and her 11-year-old sister, I, myself have often grappled with this gnawing and deeply disturbing thought. The times I have handled hospitalisations, on my own, for my parents. Seen friends do this, and lose their parents. I have also checked myself into a hospital, while on a professional assignment and I know how daunting the experience can be. It is also a thought I often grapple with and that leads me to depression. Life, after my parents, and, once my sister goes away, either to study/settles down.
Each time, I discuss this with my father (I find it easier to share this with him), he shrugs his shoulders and asks me not to overthink. Says, I need to have enough money to afford private healthcare and maybe caregivers for myself. My married women friends keep assuring me that 42 is nothing, and insist they feel, I will 'find someone.' My single girlfriends are more stoic and we often talk about assisted, community living and maybe all of us staying together/one city, a lot like Friends. The occasional time I delve into this with my mother, she asks me to get on an app, again, 'find someone.'
I think of Ma, who was probably my age when she found love again, after a hard life as a struggling widow, straddled with sick, old parents and a young daughter and a day job to pay the bills. I think of the year, 1995, when my maternal grandmother, was detected with cancer - and how within a month and a half of her demise, after nine, turbulent months of suffering and chemo and surgery, my grandfather, who had been a heart patient, also died. Ma was lucky she had a supportive partner and me.
Yesterday, as we spoke on the Watsapp group, I realised how vulnerable single, urban women were - even those who were working, had siblings, lived with parents, like me or had kids of their own. And how it is this foreboding thought - what will become of me, in my old age, that is probably the single, greatest fear of a woman, probably also why so many women suffer, abusive/dysfunctional/unfulfilled marriages. When they stay locked in, and we think it's for their children, a lot of times, it is for their own selves - marriage providing a sense of old age cover - someone there.
I think of what a single woman in urban India can do, starting, say in her early 40's, in preparation of this - so that old age and aloneness doesn't make us even more marginalised and compromised as a sect?
Please contribute to this post (even if you are not single), by way of your personal experiences, coping mechanisms and also what you have done/will do/have seen other single women in your family and networks do.
The new law, introduced in May amid the coronavirus lockdown, makes it possible for any Indian national who has lived in the region for at least 15 years or has studied for seven years and taken certain exams to become a permanent resident in Jammu-Kashmir. The Indian government is ensuring the process is fast-tracked and has introduced a fine of 50,000 rupees ($670) to be deducted from the salary of any official in the territory who delays the process.
Those receiving domicile certificates include Hindu refugees from Pakistan following the 1947 bloody partition of the subcontinent, Gurkha soldiers from Nepal who had served in the Indian army, outside bureaucrats working in the region and some marginalized Hindu communities. Even the natives must apply for residency, otherwise they risk losing government jobs and welfare benefits.
About 400,000 people have been given domicile certificates in over a month, Pawan Kotwal, a top Indian official was quoted on Saturday by The Tribune, a north Indian English-daily. Officials have not not said how many of them are locals and have generally been tight-lipped about the process.
Human rights activists, pro-freedom leaders and Kashmiri residents have long feared that giving outsiders the right to buy land and property could further plunge the region into chaos and set in motion a plan to crush the identity of its people.
After a series of political blunders, broken promises and a crackdown on dissent, Kashmiri separatists launched a full-blown armed revolt in 1989, seeking unification with Pakistan or complete independence. India dubbed the armed rebellion terrorism abetted by Pakistan, a charge Islamabad denies.
With India allowing outsiders to become residents, many worry such a move could alter the results of a plebiscite if it were to ever take place, even though it was promised under the 1948 United Nations resolutions that gave Kashmir the choice of joining either Pakistan or India.
Malayalam translation (translation back translation) of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was self-administered by the participants. It was followed by a structured interview based on the International Classification of Diseases 10 (ICD 10) after which the EPDS scale was scored.
Fear associated with childbirth was expressed by 17.7% women. The prevalence of depressed mood based on the EPDS (score > 12) was 9.8% but based on the ICD 10 criteria, the prevalence of depression was 8.7%. A significant number of women with depressed mood and clinical depression had fear of childbirth of some sort.
But over the past few months, increasing amounts of biomedical waste have been arriving at the dump - a result, experts say, of the novel coronavirus pandemic and a huge risk for those who work there.
"What if we die? What if we get this disease? But fear will not fill our bellies, that is why we have to do this work," he told Reuters, standing outside his two-room concrete house at the foot of the garbage mountain.
Dinesh Raj Bandela, an expert in biomedical waste at the Delhi-based think tank Centre for Science and Environment, said there are clear protocols set by the national pollution regulator to dispose of biomedical waste.
Although it's little consolation, Popp-Finch doesn't feel like she wasn't singled out for special treatment. She said the security escorts have become standard practice for other faculty and staff forced to leave since Timothy Moore became the college's president in 2020.
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