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Many people don't know what exactly gives billiard balls that unmistakable feel. Over the centuries, billiard balls have been made from a wide range of materials, including wood, ivory, celluloid, a proprietary plastic material known as Bakelite, and others.
These materials are incredibly durable, and they're capable of being formed into highly precise products that meet exacting standards. Phenolic resin in particular offers a remarkably smooth, shiny, long-lasting billiard ball with a one-of-a-kind surface that makes a successful break feel like heaven.
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If you want to optimize your pool table experience, choosing a top-quality set of billiard balls is a great place to start. Two of the most important factors to consider when you're searching for your perfect set are roundness and material.
To your eye, virtually every set of billiard balls is going to look perfectly round. However, even the slightest discrepancies can make a significant difference in the way the balls play. Make sure the set you purchase has been tested multiple times to ensure a perfect round shape with no defects.
In any case, before we can comment on the smoothness of the Earth compared with a billiard ball, I think we require more information on either WPA rules or manufacturing standards. [Edit: Thanks to commenter Mark Folsom for providing the following clarification of just how smooth a billiard ball is:
First, a minor nit: neither of the quoted diameters is correct to the given number of significant digits. But that will not affect our calculations here. What the article seems to miss is that the stated tolerance of a billiard ball diameter is plus or minus 0.005 inch. That is, the diameter may be as small as 2.245 inches, or as large as 2.255 inches. Enlarging this 0.01 inch difference to the scale of the Earth, the allowable difference in diameters is about 56.6 km, more than the actual difference of 42.8 km. So the Earth is indeed as round as a regulation billiard ball.
Having said all this, I think this entire analysis abuses the spirit of the law, so to speak. The WPA probably does not intend to allow such ellipsoidal billiard balls onto pool tables around the world, but rather to allow some variability in the size of nearly-spherical balls. That is, the intent of the regulation is more likely that a ball should be spherical with a fixed diameter, but that diameter may be 2.245 inches for one ball, and 2.255 inches for another ball.
Has anyone actually measured the diameter differences on a billiard ball? I guess the quality manufactures make them as round as possible and with better smothness and tolerances than the extreme tolerances allow.
The question should be : Is earth smoother than a billiard ball with the worst tolerances?
Hey,
You assumption that the nominal diameter variation is the same as the sphericity tolerance is almost certain wrong.
You can guess the sphericity tolerance based on this nominal diameter tolerance given by the WPA, take a look at ball bearing grades, on the metric grade
_%28bearing%29
the nominal diameter tolerance is exactly the same as the grade 1000, so my guess is that the sphericity should be about the same too(5 times lower), so the earth is not as round as a billard ball.
We seem to be in violent agreement. I agree, as also indicated in the last paragraph of the post, that nominal diameter tolerance (or something like it) is probably the more likely intended meaning of the WPA requirement. But what, *if any*, is the corresponding sphericity requirement? If it is in fact G1000, then you are also correct that the Earth is not as *spherical* as a billiard ball. But I think we need more information, preferably from an actual billiard ball manufacturer, before simply assuming that billiard ball manufacturing (where resin is the typical material being manipulated) borrows all equipment, specifications, etc., from (steel) ball bearing manufacturing.
This is the additional information we are looking for. In comparison, at the scale of a billiard ball, the Mariana Trench is a groove almost 2000 microinches deep. So it seems the Earth is nowhere near as smooth as a billiard ball.
id say that if you consider the surface of the earth to include the water surfaces, then the rms roughness is likely to drop to a similar level as the billiard ball, statistically anyway. The main issue is the lack of info on sphericity as has been stated.
Quite amazing really, when you look at a cliff. Also amazing if you look at a billiard ball and imagine that those invisible scratches are the height of Everest and how flipping tiny we are in comparison.
I noticed a few flaws in this logic:
The tolerance of diameter has nothing to do with sphere-ness of the ball, but the diameter. Even if the tolerance was 10%, it would just be the difference of a ball that could be 2.03 to 2.47 inches in diameter, but could still be a perfect sphere with perfect smoothness.
A billiard ball is a small, hard ball used in cue sports, such as carom billiards, pool, and snooker. The number, type, diameter, color, and pattern of the balls differ depending upon the specific game being played. Various particular ball properties such as hardness, friction coefficient, and resilience are important to accuracy.
However, Hyatt's composite had problems. One of the most relevant is cellulose nitrate flammability, not because of making the billiard balls explode, as is often claimed, but because of the dangers of handling it in its pure form during manufacturing. Another problem was related to camphor mass exploitation, leading to the devastation of Taiwan's forests and displacement of indigenous communities.[4][7] Subsequently, the industry experimented with various other synthetic materials for billiard balls such as Bakelite, acrylic, and other plastic compounds.
The exacting requirements of the billiard ball are met today with balls cast from plastic materials that are strongly resistant to cracking and chipping. Currently Saluc, under the brand name Aramith and other private labels, manufactures phenolic resin balls.[8][9] Other plastics and resins such as polyester (similar to those used for bowling balls) and clear acrylic are also used.
Rotation games do not distinguish between solids and stripes, but rather use the numbering on the balls to determine which object ball must be pocketed. In other games such as straight pool neither type of marking is of any consequence.
Some balls used in televised pool games are colored differently in order to make them more distinguishable on television monitors. Most commonly, the dark purple used on the 4 and 12 balls is replaced by pink to make it easier to distinguish the 4 from the black 8 ball, and similarly the 7 and 15 balls use a lighter brown color instead of a deep maroon. Other, less common color substitutions are also found, dependent on manufacturer. These sets often have a cue ball with multiple spots on its surface so that spin placed on it is evident to viewers.
Coin-operated pool tables, such as those found at bowling alleys, arcades, or bars/pubs, may use a slightly different-sized cue ball, so that the cue ball can be separated from object balls by the table's ball return mechanism and delivered into its own ball return. Such different sized cue balls are considered less than ideal because they change the dynamics of the equipment. Other tables use a system where a magnet pulls a cue ball with a thin layer of metal embedded inside away from the object ball collection chamber and into the cue ball return, allowing the cue ball to more closely match the object balls in size and weight. More recently, optical systems that recognize the cue ball, which is more translucent than the other balls due to its solid white color, and separate it mechanically have been developed.
In British-style eight-ball pool and its blackball variant, fifteen object balls are used, but fall into two unnumbered groups, the reds (or less commonly blues) and yellows, with a white cue ball, and black 8 ball.
Ball sets for snooker consist of twenty-two balls in total, arranged as a rack of 15 unmarked red balls, six colour balls placed at various predetermined spots on the table, and a white cue ball. The colour balls are sometimes numbered with their point values in the style of pool balls for the home market.
The set of eight colours used for snooker balls (including white) are thought to be derived from croquet, which uses the same set of colors. Snooker was invented in 1884 by British Army officers stationed in India. Croquet reached its peak popularity at the same time, particularly among people in the same social context. There are many other similarities between croquet and snooker, which when taken together, suggest that the derivation of the latter owes much to the existence of the former.[15]
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