EdEdd n Eddy tells the story of three best friends, who band together to tackle life's most daunting challenge - puberty. Though they have the same first name and live on the same cul-de-sac in the suburbs, the three youths have very different personalities, which contribute to the confusion, contradiction, and just plain awkwardness that defines growing up.
What happens when a child outgrows his trusty Imaginary Friend? Well, these creations pack up and head for Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends! Foster's is a one-of-a-kind Victorian mansion filled with hundreds of unique characters from all over the world, thought up by different children for different reasons. These creatures all live together in this vast, sprawling home with more rooms than you could ever dream possible! Mac, a clever but somewhat shy 8-year-old boy, discovers Foster's when his mom tells him he's too old for his Imaginary Friend Blooregard. Not ready to part with his trouble making best buddy, Mac takes Bloo to Foster's with the hope of giving him a safe place to live, while still being able to visit every day.
Join all the awkwardly fun and creepy moments in these 52 laugh-out-loud episodes. Take a trip to Nowhere, Kansas, home to Courage the Cowardly Dog himself, along with his loving and wrinkly owners, Muriel and Eustace. In this complete series, we find Courage facing adventures like battling deadly weremoles, running into villainous freaks, dodging an angry Storm Goddess and more.
There is a strong need for long term observations of land surface fluxes such as actual evapotranspiration (ETa). Eddy covariance (EC) method is widely used to provide ETa measurements, and several gap-filling methods have been proposed to complete inherent missing data. However, implementing gap-filling methods is questionable for EC time series collected within hilly agricultural areas at the watershed extent. Indeed, changes in wind direction induce changes in airflow inclination and footprint, and therefore possibly induce changes in the relationships on which rely gap-filling methods. This study aimed to obtain continuous ETa time series by adapting gap-filling methods to the particular conditions abovementioned. The experiment took place within an agricultural watershed in north-eastern Tunisia. A 9.6-m-high EC flux tower has been operating close to the watershed center since 2010. The sensible and latent heat fluxes data collected from 2010 to 2013 were quality controlled, and the REddyProc software was used to fill gaps at the hourly timescale. Adapting REddyProc method consisted of splitting the dataset according to wind direction, which improved the flux data at the hourly timescale, but not at the daily and monthly timescales. Finally, complete time series permitted to analyze seasonal and inter-annual variability of ETa.
Eddy current testing is a kind of non-destructive testing (NDT) method based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The probe is the key of eddy current non-destructive inspection and its design or combination of form will influence detectability. A complete set of eddy current testing system is designed for standard testing copper and defect copper. Under the same lift-off distance and the same high frequency excitation signal, designed three types of probe, which are single probe single coil, single probe double coil and double probe double coil, are used to carry out NDT experiment. Experimental results show that sensitivity and resolution of detection system are obvious difference among the different form of eddy current sensor probe. Probe shape and coil winding are improved according to the experimental results. Corresponding improved probe is adopted to carry out NDT experiment at the same condition. Experimental results show that detectability is enhanced significantly.
In contribution to the Arctic Observing Network, the researchers have established two observatories of landscape-level carbon, water and energy balances at Imnaviat Creek, Alaska and at Pleistocene Park near Cherskii, Russia. These will form part of a network of observatories with Abisko (Sweden), Zackenburg (Greenland) and a location in the Canadian High Arctic which will provide further data points as part of the International Polar Year. This particular part of the project focuses on simultaneous measurements of carbon, water and energy fluxes of the terrestrial landscape at hourly, daily, seasonal and multi-year time scales. These are the major regulatory drivers of the Arctic climate system and form key linkages and feedbacks between the land surface, the atmosphere and the oceans. We will provide a comprehensive description of the state of the regional Arctic system with respect to these variables, its overall regulation and controlling features and its interaction with the global system.
In support of these objectives, a 3m eddy covariance station was established on Imnaviat Creek, Alaska. This station has been continuously monitoring carbon dioxide, water vapor, energy fluxes and various micro-meteorological variables.
There are two types of data that are collected from each flux station involved in the AON project: high frequency eddy covariance (EC) data and low frequency means of meteorological and subsurface data. On a daily basis, approximately 75Mb of high frequency binary data and 16Kb of low frequency ASCII data is collected.
This station uses a CR3000 datalogger and a loptop to collect and store data. The CR3000 is used to measure the open-path EC equipment which is sampled at 10Hz. Mircrometeorlogical data is scanned at 0.33Hz and all datapoints are averaged every half hour. The CRBASIC program that controls the datalogger has been written in such a way that only the most basic corrections and filtering are applied to the raw data. These would include shifting the CSAT3 and LI7500 data arrays by 2 and 3 scans respectively to account for the inherent processing delays of these sensors.
The high frequency data is processed to yield mass and energy fluxes using a Reynold's decomposition after which the following corrections are applied: the WPL correction, a coordinate rotation, a spectral correction and the 'Burba' correction. Further quality controls flags are generated such as a stationarity test and a foot print analysis.
The high frequency processed tables are then combined with the low frequency micrometeorological data after which the data is both filtered and gap-filled. The following procedures are used to filter the data:
1) Parameters that are based on the engineering specifications of each instrument. This normally involves filtering data based on the operating temperature range.
2) Parameters that are based on the Automatic Gain Control of the LI7500 (AGC - lens transmissivity flag). If this value exceed a given threshold, the lens of the LI7500 is assumed to be obstructed by ice or snow. All measurements from this sensor and all radiation sensors are then assumed to be similarly obstructed and this data is filtered.
3) Any sources of air flow distortion are identified at each site and all EC measurements from those azimuth directions are filtered. Thus, if any wind that originates between these wind rejection angles, then this EC data is filtered out.
4) Parameters for impossible measurements (ie. negative values from a precipitation gauge or pyranometer.)
5) Parameters for previously flagged data including '-9999'. Dataloggers or other processed datasets for which raw data isn't available will sometimes have various flag strings in use. This will standardize everything to 'NaN'.
6) A three-standard deviation filter to get rid of extreme outliers.
7) A similarity/cluster filter - With certain instruments, the appearance of a string of identical values in a time series usually indicates measurement errors. Any time series with clusters of 5 identical values are filtered.
The following procedures are used to gap-till the data:
1) A P-th order autoregressive model. Two values for each missing element in a time series are predicted with a forward-looking model and a back-looking model. This function is currently looking 168 elements in both directions in a time series and both predictions are averaged to produce a final estimate. This model is still capable of producing impossible values (ie. negative measurements from a pyranometer) which are filtered out - thus, there may still be gaps in the time series, but they will be minimized.
2) Filtered values from the beginning and end ranges of a time series are predicted using a variant of the MDV method wherein values are estimated using binned half-hourly averages from the following or the previous seven days.
Zero-dimensional (OD) compressor performance models, which consist of several sub-models for different loss terms, are useful tools in early design stages. In this paper, one typical model for centrifugal compressors is evaluated by comparing the loss-terms predicted by the model to data extracted from experimentally validated Large-Eddy-Simulation. The simulations were run on a truck-sized turbocharger compressor with a ported shroud and a vaneless diffuser. Four operating points are considered: One mass flow at design conditions and one mass flow close to surge, on two speedlines. The performance prediction models evaluated are impeller incidence loss, impeller skin friction loss, diffuser skin friction loss, and the tip clearance loss. Results show that the total losses are well-predicted by the model at design conditions. Friction losses are approximately independent of mass flow in the LES data, while the OD model assumes a quadratic increase. The assumption of constant tip clearance loss is validated by the LES data, and the impeller incidence loss model also fits the data well. Due to the ported shroud, most of the losses as calculated by entropy increase occur through isobaric mixing at the impeller inlet.
Turbochargers are used on many automotive internal combustion engines to increase power density. The broad operating range of the engine also requires a wide range of the turbocharger compressor. At low mass flows, however, turbo compressor operation becomes unstable and eventually enters surge. Surge is characterized by large oscillations in mass flow and pressure. Due to the associated noise, control problems, and possibility of mechanical component damage, this has to be avoided.
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