texlive-latex-base: Basic LaTeX packages
texlive-latex-extra: LaTeX supplementary packages
texlive-latex-recommended: LaTeX recommended packages
texlive-latex3: LaTeX3 packages
You should get at least the base, but install the recommended and extra
if some packages you need are missing (such as, e.g. beamer). The first
three also have a corresponding -doc package
In the future, you try finding software at the command line using
something like line:
$ apt-cache search latex
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