10000 Gauss To Tesla

[Barb Magario]

Agauss meter displays electromagnetic wave measurements in Gauss (G), milliGauss (mG), milliTesla (mT) or microTesla (T) units. A gauss meter can detect either static (DC) permanent (rare-earth) magnetic or dynamic (AC) electromagnetic fields (EMFs), or both. Thus, it is important to review the specifications of a gauss meter prior to purchase to ensure suitability for the intended application.

Neodymium (NdFeB) permanent magnets are among the world's strongest and most widely used magnets. When testing magnets made of neodymium or other rare-earth elements, a gaussmeter or magnetometer capable of measuring DC magnetic fields is required. However, most electromagnetic fields encountered are generated by AC currents. Examples include electrical power lines, transformers and wiring for overhead lighting, solar panels and other electrical devices and equipment. Electromagnetic fields from electrical installations are believed to cause feelings of nervousness, anxiety and paranoia in EMF-sensitive human beings.

Most gaussmeters offered by PCE Instruments can be calibrated and certified according to DIN ISO 9000 standards for an additional fee. Replacement gaussmeter probes and optional accessories are available for most gaussmeter models.

The gauss meter PCE-MFM 4000 is used in the laboratory and quality assurance to measure the strength of magnetic fields. The gauss meter is delivered with two different sensors. A magnetic field sensor is available for general measurements in the Gauss and milli-Tesla range, as well as a precision sensor for measurements in the milli-Gauss and micro-Tesla range.

Gauss meters are named after the unit Gauss, in which the magnetic flux density can be measured. Gauss meters are therefore the measuring instruments for the quantitative evaluation of magnetic fields. The unit for magnetic flux density corresponding to the international system of units SI is not Gauss, but Tesla. One tesla corresponds to one newton per ampere and meter. Since 10,000 Gauss also correspond to one Tesla, the conversion between Gauss and Tesla is very simple. Many Gauss meters still show both units, so they are both Gauss meters and Tesla meters. The magnetic field strength can be calculated from the magnetic flux density using the magnetic permeability and vice versa. Both values can be used to indicate how strong a magnetic field or its effect is compared to the other magnetic fields. The relationship between magnetic flux density and magnetic field strength can be seen from the following formula:magnetic flux density = magnetic field strength * magnetic permeabilityB = H * μ

It should be noted that both the magnetic flux density and the magnetic field strength are directional. The magnetic field strength is given in amperes per meter. Some Gauss meters can display both the magnetic flux density and the magnetic field strength.

Gauss meters are often used to clarify that people are not endangered by the electromagnetic radiation. For this purpose, the measurements are carried out in the living, working or other common areas and then the values are compared with the limit values from

- the EU Directive 2013/35/EU,

- the DGUV regulation 15 (BGV B11),

- the 26th Federal Immission Control Ordinance (2nd BImSchV),

- the Occupational Health and Safety Ordinance on Electromagnetic Fields (EMFV 2016) or

- the guidelines of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP)

- EN 62233 (VDE 0700-366) "Methods for measuring electromagnetic fields of household and similar electrical appliances with regard to the safety of persons in electromagnetic fields".

Gauss meters are also used for many measurements in connection with the technical use of magnets. Gauss meters allow the exact and repeatable determination of the strength of magnetism of permanent magnets and ferromagnetic components and thus the non-destructive measurements:

- of magnetic components and circuits such as coils, relays, magnetic switches

- at loudspeakers

- on direct current and alternating current motors

- for the classification of magnets

- of residual magnetic fields, stray and leakage fields.

A Gauss meter can be used to determine whether the static or dynamic electromagnetic fields affect the precise electronic devices at the place of installation.

When searching for a Gauss meter for measuring electromagnetic radiation, it should be determined before starting, which electromagnetic fields are to be recorded. There are Gauss meters that only measure static magnetic fields, those that evaluate static and low-frequency magnetic fields, and the devices that use additional sensors to simultaneously measure the values for electric fields and high-frequency electromagnetic fields. For the measurement of magnetic fields, there are Gauss meters that can measure all three directions of the field separately and then display them both separately as x, y and z components and in a vector way added as an effective value.

The next criteria for the selection are measuring range and resolution. In the case of a Gauss meter with several sensors, it is necessary to check for each individual sensor whether the measuring range is suitable for the intended use. For example, the maximum value for the magnetic flux density can be 2 Gauss (0.2 millitesla) or 30,000 Gauss (3 Tesla). A higher maximum value usually means less detailed display steps. Some Gauss meters allow the selection from several measuring ranges or automatically switch to the appropriate measuring range.

Closely related to the measuring range and resolution is the display unit of the measured variables. As a rule, Gauss meters can display the measured value for magnetic flux density in both Gauss and Tesla. This facilitates a comparison with the limit values from various sources. For high-frequency fields, the strength can be given as electric field strength in volts per meter, as magnetic field strength in amperes per meter, or radiant power in watts per square meter. If several of these values are required, it is advantageous if they can be selected using the Gauss meter and do not have to be converted between different units.

Sufficient memory facilities and the possibility of transferring the measured values to a PC make it easier to evaluate the measurements. Gauss meters with data logger function should be used for continuous measurements. Optical or acoustic alarms when the preset limits are reached are helpful if the Gauss meter is to be used for warnings in potentially dangerous areas.

Imagine encircling an area with a circle of wire. If the magnetic flux in there changes by 1 weber in a second, you'll be able to measure 1 volt induced across the wire. So: 1 weber per second equals 1 volt in the circle of wire. Or: 1 Wb = 1 V s.

Note that nothing is mentioned about the size of the loop of wire. It doesn't matter if the loop of wire is one inch or one meter across. If you're measuring 1 volt across the wire, the magnetic flux is changing by 1 weber per second in there.

Unlike Magnetic Flux above, the Flux Density defines some size for the loop of wire in that example. Flux Density is a measure how many webers are squeezed into some area. In fact, webers per square meter is the unit for flux density. By definition, 1 weber per square meter (Wb/m2) = 1 tesla (T).

Here's a confusing part: Many people call this, "field strength." We often refer to field strength in gauss. Technically, we should probably use the term, "magnetic flux density," though it's much more commonly called, "field strength."

There's another, somehow different unit for field strength. It is commonly expressed in amperes/meter (A/m) or oersted (Oe). How is this different than the flux density expressed in gauss or tesla? Why are there 2 different units? Are they the same thing?When we think about the "field strength" at the surface of a magnet (the Surface Field), we're looking for something expressed in gauss. For example, a D82 disc magnet has a surface field of about 2,952 gauss. Stick a magnetometer on the surface of this magnet and we'll measure magnetic flux (often called field strength). So what's this oersted thing all about?

When manufacturing permanent magnets, magnet material is magnetized by exposing it to an external magnetic field. In practice, this means the magnet material is placed in a fixture, sitting inside a big coil of wire. For a brief instant, a strong magnetic field is created by running a lot of electric current through the coil of wire. The magnet is exposed to a magnetic field strong enough to magnetize the magnet. Historically and commonly, this field strength is expressed in A/m or Oe.

The demagnetization curve of a magnet material describes it magnetic properties. It describes how much field strength is required to magnetize a magnet, and more importantly for magnet users, how the magnet will perform. One axis of this curve is B (flux density expressed in gauss, comes from the magnet itself) and the other axis is H (the applied or external magnetic field in the magnetizing fixture, expressed in Oe). You can find BH curves for various magnet grades on our BH curves page. The second half of our Magnet Grades article has a great step-by-step description about how these curves are measured.

In some ways, you might argue that these things are really the same. They are in many cases, but not always. There are times when saying that 1 oersted is like 1 gauss works out well. Since B = H, it's a fair assumption if the material is air. If you dive into the physics and math of these properties, you'll find a lot more interesting, complex stuff going on. There's a lot more to learn than we'll go into here in a simple unit converter!

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