Or ha-Ḥayyim Rabbi Chaim ibn Attar - (5456; 1696-1743) Ohr HaChaim HaKadosh
Rabbi Tal Zwecker
Ohr HaChaim
“The gates of heaven opened up and I saw G-dly visions, the Creator of the four corners of the earth, and I gazed and meditated upon that which I had permission to, and began to explain at the beginning of Hashem’s holy words.” (Ohr HaChaim, Bereishis)
The Nusach HaTefilla of the Ohr HaChaim
(TO BE RECITED ON ROSH HASHANA AFTER ELOKAI NETZOR AND ON YOM KIPPUR BEFORE THE YUD-GIMMEL MIDDOS SHEL RACHAMIM, WHEN THE SHATZSAYS VAYAAVOR HASHEM AL PONOV – IN THE TEFILLA YESHORA BERDITCHEVER SIDDUR, IT IS ALSO PRESENTED BEFORE THE DAILY TACHANUN IN THE SAME PLACE, BEFORE THE YUD-GIMMEL MIDDOS)
May it be Your will, our Father, our King, our G-d, the very light of our nefesh, ruach and neshoma – our lower soul, spirit and our higher soul, on behalf of Your covenant which You sealed for the thirteen attributes of mercy which are never left unheeded and unanswered, which You never turn away empty-handed from before You. Please remember our love and return Your Divine Presence, the Shechina, to our holy Mikdosh, the Temple, and delight in us once again as You have in the past! Because Your departure is as painful and difficult to us as the departure of our soul from our body! Our innards pine away and our souls expire for the time of the redemption of Your Shechina and for Your holy abode, the Temple, and we desire Your good will! We hereby beg, plead and cry before You, Hashem, merciful Father, over the exile and Golus HaShechina. Save Your Shechina, Hashem! And attach and bind our souls in dveikus to Your heartfelt love, which is pleasant and sweet for our souls and spirits, and may the King return to the halls of His palace!
PRAISES FOR THE HOLY OHR HACHAIM HAKODOSH
When Rav Avrohom Elimelech of Karlin was in America visiting his Chassidim, he told them to form groups and study together the holy sefer, the Ohr HaChaim HaKodosh, each leil shishi (Thursday night). He explained that this is a segula to receive noam kedushas Shabbos – the pleasure and delight of the sanctity of Shabbos.
Afterward, when he returned to Eretz Yisrael, he confirmed that his Chassidim did indeed experience a greater, more pronounced delight and sweetness of kedushas Shabbos by learning the Ohr HaChaim HaKodosh as he had instructed them.
Another Tzaddik also used to say that one of the ikorim– the primary principles of Avodas Ho’Odom, serving Hashem on Shabbos Kodesh, is to study the sefer Ohr HaChaim HaKodosh. The reason he gave was that many Tzaddikim taught that the study of the Ohr HaChaim is beneficial to the soul, just like the study of the holy Zohar, and since Shabbos is called Yoma DeNishmosa – a day of the soul, studying the Ohr HaChaim is intimately bound up with the sanctity of Shabbos Kodesh. (Shivchei Ohr HaChaim)
The Holy Lights of the Ohr HaChaim HaKodosh – Emor
In Meor HaChaim, Rav Moshe Franco cites several teachings from the Ohr HaChaim’s deroshos in Italy regarding the pesukim about Sefiras HaOmer in our Parsha. Here are some of those teachings:
Usefartem lochem mimochoras haShabbos – “And you shall count for yourselves from the day after Pesach” (23:15).
In Shemos (24:10) the pasuk says, “And they saw the G-d of Yisrael and beneath His feet was like the work of a sapphire stone”. The Ohr HaChaim asks why the pasuk says kema’aseh – “the work of”? What is the significance of this description?
He answers that there is a difference between the souls of Bnei Yisrael and those of the other nations. The souls of the nations are like glass, whose shine, luster and brilliance do not compare to that of jewels and gemstones, especially the sapphire. The souls of Bnei Yisrael, however, are in fact compared to the brilliance and lustrous shine of the sapphire, as is known that the souls of Bnei Yisrael were hewn from the Throne of Glory – the Kisei HaKovod – which is compared to the sapphire. This is what our pasuk in Shemos is referring to: the throne beneath the feet of Hashem, which is likened to sapphire.
Any gemstone quarried in its natural state requires work. After it is mined and removed in its raw state it does not have the shine and brilliance we are used to seeing. It requires the work of a skilled craftsman and gemologist to use tools to hone, cut, polish and create those shining facets that a cut gemstone has, which then shine with a brilliant, lustrous light. This work is the kema’aseh referred to in our pasuk in Shemos: the shining, brilliant light beneath the feet of the Shechina is like the light of a brilliant sapphire after it has been skillfully worked, cut and polished.
This is the hint in our pasuk in Emor as well. Usefartem lochem – sefartem has the same linguistic meaning as sapphire: make yourselves shine like a sapphire by counting fifty days. Then you must have in mind that you are working your soul like a craftsman cuts and polishes a gemstone from a rough, raw uncut stone into a brilliant jewel, whose lustrous shine is as brilliant as a sapphire!
Praises for the Ohr HaChaim HaKodosh
Toil in Torah
Rav Avrohom of Strikov said, “When the Ohr HaChaimexplained and expounded the forty-two chiddushim on our pasuk in Bechukosai, he himself was fulfilling Rashi’s comment to our pasuk that walking on the path of the chukos means that ‘you should toil and be ameilim baTorah.’” (Dibros Kodesh Strikov Behar-Bechukosai5769)
The Forty-Two Explanations of Bechukosai Seileichu
There is a well-known tradition regarding the Ohr HaChaim’s exile while in Morocco and of some of the travels and travails that befell him during his golus.
Perhaps the most famous story is the following legendary tale whose tradition was passed down to us by the Mekubol Rav Moshe Yair Weinstock, who heard and received it from Rav Yisrael Yitzchok Reisman of the Eida Chareidis, who in turn received it from the Rosh Mekubolim, the Gaon Rav Chaim Shaul HaKohen Dewike, who heard it from the elders of Aram Tzova and the talmidim of the Ohr Chaim. The story goes like this:
During his exile, the Ohr HaChaim ended up one Erev Shabbos in a field. (The Maamar Mordechai of Slonim and other traditions say that there he met a giant who was a lumberjack and with each stroke of his axe, he said, “Lekovod Shabbos Kodesh!” Other traditions add that he took the Ohr HaChaim over the river Sambatyon.) There he rested by a tree, and as he prepared for Shabbos, he sat and reviewed the Parsha of the week. His tremendous dveikus and erudition helped him toil and he arrived at forty-two explanations for the first pasuk in Parshas Bechukosai!
Seeing that Shabbos would soon arrive, the Ohr HaChaim entered the neighboring village and went to the local shul for davening. No one knew or recognized their illustrious guest; he was received as warmly as any wandering beggar Jew and was invited to one of the locals for the Shabbos meal upon the conclusion of the tefillos.
The Ohr HaChaim followed his host home for the seudaand afterward his host told him that they all met after the meal at the local Rav’s home for a get-together in honor of Shabbos. There they sang and shared Divrei Torah and Oneg Shabbos. The host invited his unknown guest to join and Rav Chaim ben Attar agreed.
At the Rav’s home they all sang zemiros and watched as the local Rav sank deep into thought. He was a holy man, who, the host explained, could delve into deep mysteries and achieve insight. The Rav was meditating and his face betrayed holy dveikus and otherworldly ponderings. When the Rav came back and his soul returned, he began to speak animatedly, telling them that he had just heard great deep Torah insights in the heavenly academies!
He then expounded on and explained the first pasuk of Bechukosai in fourteen different ways and concluded, “And I heard from the heavenly hosts – the pamalya shel maala – that in the Mesivta Derokiya these chiddushimare said in the name of the holy Tzaddik Rabbeinu Chaim ben Attar!”
Everyone sat in stunned silence, marveling at the Torahinsights and novel interpretations – everyone except the stranger. The guest in the back got up and broke the silence and made a motion of dismissal and declared, “He is not a Gaon, or a Tzaddik, or a Kodosh – he is not a Rav, just plain Chaim ben Attar!” No one knew that this wandering stranger was none other then Rav Chaim benAttar himself, who, in his humility, sought to downplay himself and downgrade his honor. All they knew was that he had some chutzpa! The host tried to calm everyone down and the matter was soon forgotten. Until the next day, that is…
After Shacharis and the seuda, the Jews gathered at the Rav’s home for singing and study. There the Rav again ascended on high and when he returned, proceeded to explain and teach an additional fourteen chiddushim and insights on the first pasuk of Bechukosai. Again he concluded by saying, “And I heard from the heavenly hosts – the pamalya shel maala – that in the Mesivta Derokiya these chiddushim are said in the name of the holy Tzaddik Rabbeinu Chaim ben Attar!”
Again the audacity and chutzpa of the stranger was heard as he stood up and corrected the Rav: “He is not a Gaon, or a Tzaddik, or a Kodosh – he is not a Rav, just plain Chaim ben Attar!”
This was getting out of hand. The Jews were angry, the Rav was furious and barely could they all be restrained from attacking the insolent, brazen stranger. Just who did he think he was anyway? Little did they guess that he was in fact Rav Chaim ben Attar!
Finally Sholosh Seudos came, and again for a third and final time the scenario played itself out: The Ravascended and heard chiddushim and then he descended and shared with the rapt audience another fourteen chiddushim and insights on the first pasuk of Bechukosai(a total of forty-two explanations) and again he concluded, saying, “And I heard from the pamalya shel maala that in the Mesivta Derokiya these chiddushim are said in the name of the holy Tzaddik Rabbeinu Chaim ben Attar!”
The chutzpadik stranger stood up and again corrected the Rav. “He is not a Gaon, or a Tzaddik, or a Kodosh – he is not a Rav, just plain Chaim ben Attar!”
At this point the Rav’s righteous anger could not be held back and he resolved to punish the stranger for the sake and honor of the Torah and had him incarcerated.
Shabbos ended and a strange wind picked up. The skies filled with dark, ominous clouds. An unseasonal storm was brewing, the likes of which no one had ever seen. As the gale rose and torrential rains lashed out, the frightened Jews ran to the Rav for help and guidance. The Rav ascended on high and was told, “The heavenly minister in charge of Gehinnom is in a rage! You have locked up Rav Chaim ben Attar in a cell and while he is jailed he cannot make Havdola. All Shabbos long, every week, Gehinnom is closed and sealed. The Sar (angel) wishes now to reopen it as he does every Motzo’ei Shabbos but he cannot because the Ohr HaChaim has not yet made Havdola! This dangerous storm is a manifestation of the Sar of Gehinnom’s great anger and rage!” The Rav quickly had the Ohr HaChaim released and told him that in Heaven it had been revealed that all the insults and injuries the Ohr HaChaim had suffered had atoned for him and his exile was now over and he could go back home.
(When the Maamar Mordechai of Slonim would tell this, he added that they all heard a voice ring out and declare, “Return, O you wicked back to Sheol!” The land shook and all present trembled as they stood at the foot of the opening to Gehinnom!) The Rav begged the Ohr HaChaim’s forgiveness and once granted the Ohr HaChaim returned to Sali. (Shneim Asar Shivtei Yisrael)
The Holy Lights of the Ohr HaChaim HaKodosh – Behar-Bechukosai
Below are just a few examples from among the forty-two explanations of Bechukosai that also connect with Pirkei Avos:
Way #6 The Ohr HaChaim cites Avos chapter 2 that an Am HaAretz (ignoramus) cannot be a Chassid. This means that an Am HaAretz is actually forbidden to act like a Chassid and to try and take on various chumros(stringencies), because he does not understand what is appropriate and might decide to act in way he believes is pious and end up transgressing. The example given is that Yom Kippur is the holiest day of the year. There are various things that we must forgo on Yom Kippur, including abstaining from food and drink – five forms of affliction in all. The Am HaAretz might misconstrue this and because he knows Yom Kippur is the holiest day, he might transgress some of the five afflictions, thinking he is acting piously and doing holy things on a holy day, when instead his actions would be a terrible sin! Therefore, Im bechukosai seileichu – if you walk in My laws, says Hashem – and safeguard My mitzvos and do them – you shall safeguard the path by adding fences and boundaries to prevent mistaken transgression.
Way #9 Pirkei Avos chapter 6 teaches that the Torah is acquired in forty-eight ways. The Ohr HaChaim sees this hinted at in our pasuk: Hashem says, “If you walk on the path of My laws and wish to acquire Torah, the condition is – safeguard My mitzvos and fulfill them and do them.” This refers to the forty ways of acquisition; if you fulfill these kinyonim you will acquire Torah. There are many barriers and different hindrances that prevent us from acquiring Torah; engaging in and fulfilling the forty-eight kinyonim helps us to overcome those hurdles and to acquire Torah.
Way# 12 Pirkei Avos chapter 3 says that whoever has wisdom in greater abundance than his deeds and actions, his wisdom endures; whoever has actions in greater number, however, his wisdom will not endure. The Ohr HaChaim sees this hinted at in our pasuk. Hashem says, “If you walk on the path of My laws” – if you toil in Torah and your mitzva observance complements your effort, then your wisdom shall not exceed your deeds. This is why mitzva observance is written in our pasuk immediately following the toil in Torah: “Safeguard My mitzvos and fulfill and do them”.
Way #21 Pirkei Avos chapter 4 teaches,“You are forced to die against your will and forced to live against your will.” The Ohr HaChaim explains that Tzaddikim and Ba’alei Torah are different; unlike the average people to whom our Mishna in Avos applies, Ba’alei Torah can leave this world for the next world of their own free will whenever they wish. They simply decide to leave and even before their time has come and the King has called for them, they can go. He sees this hinted at in our pasuk: Hashem says, “Im bechukosai – then seileichu – If you toil in Torah, you can go, leaving whenever you wish to leave.”
Way #30 Pirkei Avos chapter 3 says,“If there is no flour, then there is no Torah.” The Ohr HaChaim here and in Haazinu explains that if we see that Hashem has stopped the Heavens from giving rain and withheld a bounty of blessings, if there is no flour, the reason is because there is a lack of Torah study and observance on our part.
This is seen in our pasuk: Hashem says, “Im bechukosai – If you wish to have My chok – chok means food – if you want food, then – seileichu – walk on the path of mitzvaobservance and Torah study. The amount of rain and food produced depends on your observance and diligence in Torah study.
Praises for the Ohr HaChaim HaKodosh
Defending the Honor of Torah and Her Scholars
Last week, we told of the Ohr HaChaim’s Golus and how he revealed forty-two peirushim on Bechukosai. This week we will tell what led the Ohr HaChaim into that Golus to begin with:
The Ohr HaChaim had a gemach, a charity foundation that provided meat and chicken for the poor and Torahscholars. A great plague had struck, and all the animals were sick and suffering. Many of the animals that had been schechted through kosher slaughter were examined and found to be treif because of lung lesions or other internal blemishes that rendered the meat unfit for kosher consumption. There was a severe shortage of kosher meat and many families had to forgo meat even on Shabbos and Yom Tov.
One of the wealthy gevirim, whose desire for meat could not be sated, was at his wits’ end. What was he going to do? He then heard the strangest thing; apparently there was kosher meat available and plenty of it – but only through Rav Chaim ben Attar’s gemach!!!
It turned out that by some miracle, all the animals and fowl slaughtered to supply the Ohr HaChaim’s gemachwith chicken and meat were kosher lemehadrin! The gevir approached Rav Chaim ben Attar and demanded that he too be given from this meat. The Ohr HaChaim HaKodosh refused and explained that this meat was designated only for the poor and destitute, such as widows and orphans, and for the support of Talmidei Chachomim. The gevir tried to raise his price and buy the meat but the Ohr HaChaim would not be bribed and stood his ground. Just then, a recipient of the gemach’s generous kosher provisions came in to collect his meat for Shabbos. The sight of this poor Talmid Chochomgetting what he was denied enraged the rich man, who was so used to getting his way that he poured out his wrath on the Talmid Chochom. The Ohr HaChaimrefused the wealthy man’s demands and he left. However, the damage had been done. A heavenly voice proclaimed that as punishment for seeing and hearing the shame and disparagement of this Talmid Chochomand not properly rebuking the wealthy man’s wicked ways the Ohr HaChaim was sentenced to exile to atone for his sins. It was this Golus that found the Ohr HaChaimwandering until he was released after suffering imprisonment when he berated himself in his humility, as we told last week. May his merit shield us!
https://thechesedfund.com/cause/ohr-hachaim-hakadosh-english-sefer-with-stories1. The Ohr HaChaim was born in Morocco and was niftar at age 47 less than a year after moving to Jerusalem and was buried on the Mount of Olives called Har HaZeisim.
2. The Holy Ohr HaChaim was one of a few yzadikim called ‘holy’. This small group includes the Alshich and the Shelah. The Baal Shem Tov said that the Ohr HaChaim was a spark from the soul of Moshiach
3. Many stories abound talking about the great miracles people experienced by praying at his grave. One famous story was of Rabbi Moshe Hillel Slezinger who didn’t have children for many years. One of his doctors was so mean as to exclaim that when he grows hair on the palm of his hand he will have children. Tearfully Rabbi Hillel went to the Ohr HaChaim’s tzion and promised to learn from his sefer every week. Within a year he had a daughter. He raised a generation of righteous children and one of his sons in law was Rav Moshe Halberstam a dayan and halachic authority in the Eidah HaCharedis.
4. In WWII when the threat of Germany entering the Holy Land was palpable, the Jerusalem rabbinical courts told the masses to go to the grave of the Ohr HaChaim to pray and beseech G-d for salvation. This group was headed by the Admorim (Hassidic rabbis) of Husyatin and Zhvil. After they finished saying the Tehilim at the kever they were both smiling. People asked why they were smiling and they answered that “the danger has passed; we are no longer in danger of the Nazis invading Israel.” People asked; “how do you know?” One Rabbi said “I saw the 4 letter name of G-d properly written shining and hovering over the grave of the Ohr HaChaim so I understood the danger has passed.” Indeed 2 days later, the Germans led by Rommel were routed at El Alamein by General Montgomery and they also suffered heavy losses on the Syrian front. The Russians opened a third front against Germany and they retreated from the region to regroup against the new threat. Miraculously the Jews in Israel were saved.
5. A spiritual remedy for having children is to accept upon yourself to learn from the Ohr HaChaim’s commentary on a steady basis and in this way you will merit to have righteous boys that will learn Torah and keep mitzvoth. The admor ‘Lev Simcha’ of Gur said that the Ohr HaChaim had no children of his own so all of his strength to procreate is embedded in his holy commentary. That is why each portion of this holy book can bring fertility and righteous children.
6. Learning the Ohr HaChaim is a spiritual remedy for recovering from sickness, to strengthen your faith in G-d, wealth, a long life, fear of G-d and purity of the soul. In the book “Kiymu Vekiblu” it says that a person who learns the Ohr HaChaim’s commentary on the Torah Portions of Acharei and Kedoshim is guaranteed not to leave this world without Teshuva and repentance.
7. The Baba Sali, Rabbi Yisrael AbuChatzeira would sit studying and complete the commentary of the Ohr HaChaim for that week’s Torah portion every Friday.
8. The Ohr HaChaim passed away at the beginning of a Saturday night the 15th of Tammuz (Motzai Shabbat like this year). When he passed away the Baal Shem Tov in Mezhibuzh was washing his hands for the third meal as it was still day time in Mezhibuzh. He cryptically stated; “The Western candle was extinguished” (alluding to the western candle of the menorah). His talmidim asked him what he meant after Shabbat and the Baal Shem Tov explained that Rabbi Chaim Ben Attar, the holy Ohr HaChaim passed away. They asked him how he knew and he answered that there’s a certain kavana - a mystical intention when making the beracha for washing the hands that is only revealed from the heavens to one person in the generation. When I washed my hands for the third meal this intention was revealed to me so I knew that the holy Ohr HaChaim passed away.
9. The grave or tzion of the Ohr Hachaim is considered a holy site: People visit it today on his Yohrzeit to pray there and they also visit there all year round to pray and daven for yeshuos and salvations.
based on https://www.hidabroot.com/article/193697/9-Facts-About-the-Ohr-HaChaim-in-Honor-of-his-Yohrzeit
Kol Tuv,
R' Tal Moshe Zwecker
Director Machon Be'er Mayim Chaim Publishing
Chassidic Classics in the English Language
www.chassidusonline.com
chassid...@gmail.com
in Israel: 972-2-992-1218 / Cell: 972-58-322-1218