A Bible Dictionary

[Rosalie Checca]

Adictionary (also called a wordbook, lexicon or vocabulary) is a collection of words in one or more specific languages, often listed alphabetically, with usage information, definitions, etymologies, phonetics, pronunciations, and other information; or a book of words in one language with their equivalents in another, also known as a lexicon. According to Nielsen (2008) a dictionary may be regarded as a lexicographical product that is characterised by three significant features: (1) it has been prepared for one or more functions; (2) it contains data that have been selected for the purpose of fulfilling those functions; and (3) its lexicographic structures link and establish relationships between the data so that they can meet the needs of users and fulfill the functions of the dictionary.

The 1828 Webster's Dictionary of the English language isbased upon God's written word. Noah Webster used the Bible as the foundationfor his definitions. Webster began compiling his fully comprehensivedictionary, An American Dictionary of the English Language in 1807.

To evaluate the etymology of words, Webster learnedtwenty-eight languages, including Old English (Anglo-Saxon), Gothic, German,Greek, Latin, Italian, Spanish, French, Dutch, Welsh, Russian, Hebrew, Aramaic,Persian, Arabic, and Sanskrit. Webster hoped to standardize American speech,since Americans in different parts of the country used different languages. Theyalso spelled, pronounced, and used English words differently.

Webster completed his dictionary during his year abroad inJanuary 1825 in Cambridge, England. His book contains seventy thousand words,of which twelve thousand had never appeared in a published dictionary before.

The third edition contains 4,000 entries relating to theBible, from a 19th century Christian viewpoint. Easton's Bible Dictionary(formerly known as the Illustrated Bible Dictionary) is a classic source forBible scholars. Easton was a Scottish Presbyterian minister who is knownprimarily for his masterful reference work. Easton's contains both short,dictionary-like entries on words, people, and places, as well as longer, encyclopaedicaccounts. Easton's theology is decidedly Protestant - but the Dictionary is,according to reviewers, still useful and relevant for everyone. This dictionaryprovides excellent background information on a wide variety of Biblical topics.

Published in the 1800's as part of the "New andComplete Analysis of the Holy Bible", Roswell Hitchcock's purpose was todefine over 2,600 names of characters and places found in the Bible. Expandyour knowledge of Bible names and their meaning with this wonderful dictionary.Use it to understand a brief description of a large number of names mentionedin the Bible.

Smith's Bible Dictionary is a comprehensive A to Z glossaryof Biblical names, concepts, places, objects, and technical terms. Organizedalphabetically by first letter, this dictionary provides a simple method ofunderstanding Biblical terminology. For each word, Smith indicates where theword appears in the Bible, its definition, and a modern equivalent of the word,when applicable. For additional assistance, the dictionary contains links toother encyclopedic and dictionary references.

Nave's Topical Bible is a Bible index written by Orville James Nave. Nave was a chaplain in the United States Army and referred to his work as "the result of fourteen years of delight and untiring study of the Word of God." It is a topical concordance of the Bible, and contains Biblical references to over 20,000 topics. Scripture is quoted over 100,000 times; the same Scripture citation may appear under several headings.

Dr. Strong (Professor of exegetical theology at DrewTheological Seminary at the time of publishing) provides an exhaustivecross-reference of every word in the King James Bible back to the root word inthe original text. Unlike other Biblical reference books, the purpose ofStrong's Concordance is not to provide content or commentary about the Bible,but to provide an index to the Bible. This allows the reader to find wordswhere they appear in the Bible and gain insights to the original languageusage.

For over a century, Thayer's has been lauded as one of the best New Testament lexicons available. Both accessible and thorough, it is a work suited for the student of New Testament Greek. Thayer's provides dictionary definitions for each word and relates each word to its New Testament usage and categorizes its nuances of meaning. Its exhaustive coverage of New Testament Greek words, as well as its extensive quotation of extra-biblical word usage and the wealth of background sources consulted and quoted, render Thayer's an invaluable resource.

A trio of eminent Hebrew Bible scholars: Francis Brown, R. Driver, and Charles Briggs spent over twenty years researching, writing, and preparing The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon. Since it first appeared, BDB's exhaustive coverage of Hebrew Bible, Hebrew words, as well as its unparalleled usage of cognate languages and the wealth of background sources consulted and quoted, render BDB an invaluable resource for all students of the Bible.

Even after going through numerous video tutorials and FAQs I'm finding Accordance reasonably difficult to navigate. I'm sure it will get better as I become more familiar with it. Can anyone point me to the settings for the default commentary, dictionary, etc?

The first tool listed in each category in the Library window (English Tools, Greek Tools, Hebrew Tools, Reference Tools, General Tools) is the default tool invoked by operations like triple-clicking a reference or a word.

But do your default ones on top, Because if your "triple-click" didn't find in your default one then Accordance goes to the next under your selected one. Then to the next until it find an entry. But there is a bug since 11.0 to 11.0.8 that Accordance will search only what is under the default ones. Not what is above.

if I have set the ISBE Revised as default and I "triple-click" on a German word that is not found in any englisch tools, then nothing happens. Because the German ones are above the ISBE Revised. So I have to do both actions right now. To select a default tool and to put it on the top of the list.

Let's say you make Webster's your default tool for non-tagged English Bibles (like the Amplified). Place Webster's at the bottom of your list of Dictionaries in the Library. When you click on a name in the Amplified that isn't found in Webster's (Like "Melchi" in Luke 3:24), Accordance doesn't do anything at all. Then place Webster's at the top of the Library (still keeping it as your default tool in the Amplify preferences). Now Accordance will go to the next Dictionary in the list that contains the name "Melchi," (which in my case is "All the Men of the Bible").

Then better cut the new feature and go back to the old with only put your chosen one to the top of the list. Or you will this "this new feature" as a filter. See also my post from.... but then you have to explain it.

If the chosen one is the last in the line then Accordance doesn't search through other titles. If Accordance find not an equivalent entry then the User think there is no entry in the Library for the triple-click.

We generally do not try to program unintuitive behavior (searching backwards) to support something that is very easily fixed and very easily learned. Simply organize your tools in the Library and this won't be an issue. Going back to the top of a category is much less intuitive and doesn't make sense with the new and variable categories.

For what is then the default one? When I can put it on the top like before? I had needed from the release of 11 till the February to find out what happens. Because Accordance has changed and nothing describes the new behavior.

They don't need to be at the top of the Library, but they should be higher in the Library than other secondary tools. Version 11 supports a fully flexible tool setup, where you can arrange whatever tool in whatever folder, or no folders at all! Perhaps someone wants to put their Qumranic studies higher than their Hebrew Lexicons, but that doesn't mean that Accordance should steal a lexicon that happened to be in the Qumranic Studies folder, just cause it was first. Here, you organize your Library, putting your tools into whatever folders you like, while keeping your more regularly used and referenced tools near the top of your chosen category, like any normal organization. Then, to help Accordance understand your structure, you set your choices in the Amplify pane.

It should probably read something like: "Accordance will amplify to the default tool selected in the Amplify preferences. If the word cannot be found in your default tool, Accordance will continue searching down from the location of your default tool to the end of the library category."

Thus, if Webster's Dictionary is your default tool, and if it's 1/2 way down your "Dictionary" category, Accordance will only search from Webster's to the end of the Dictionary category. Any tools in the Dictionary category that appear above Webster's will not be searched.

For citation purposes, cite the article, not the dictionary as a whole. Go to the information pane (ctrl-shift-I) to get that information. If you are writing a paper using a particular style guide, consult it for whatever other information you are required to put for electronic resources. If not, just put "n.p." for "not paginated."

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