Hi Emma,
I'm not so familiar with the consensus tree method in R, but the only way FigTree can know the posterior values (or any other node metadata beyond branch length and label) is if the annotaions are being generated in the nexus/newick file. If you look at the nexus file in a text editor, you should be able to see what the R library is saving. A node with metadata should look like this (where the metdata is in bold):
1[&height=1.4553284949303256E-15,height_95%_HPD={0.0,2.6645352591003757E-15},height_median=1.7763568394002505E-15,height_range={0.0,3.552713678800501E-15},posterior=0.974232311]:1.9733814483511611
In general, R phylogenetic packages like ape tend to ignore this metadata [&...] which could be why the posterior support was lost. The Phylotate package for R may be of help here
If R doesn't behave then I suggest using the beast treeannotator application for generating the maximum clade credibility tree, which will directly load into fig tree with node HPDs and posterior support
Cheers,
Jordan