I also am having the same issue. I thought it was broken hardware so I bought a new one and the same thing happened again. I found that I can usually induce the errors by transferring a large amount of files using scp.
I'm going to check UART0 for additional information once I get the cabling set up. I really hope this gets patched soon, it's a very irritating bug.
One time I was able to get some debug information before the I/O errors consumed everything, not sure if it's helpful in any way.
[14188.582576] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 06:18:d6:57:8c:90 (capab=0x431 status=0 aid=2)
[14188.593611] wlan0: associated
[14188.641133] wlcore: Association completed.
[25043.096569] hrtimer: interrupt took 136276 ns
[30864.563462] mmcblk1: error -110 sending status command, retrying
[30864.597101] mmcblk1: error -110 sending status command, retrying
[30864.638167] mmcblk1: error -110 sending status command, aborting
[30864.644451] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 3487760
[30864.651172] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 3487768
[30864.657840] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 3487776
[30864.664510] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 3487784
[30864.671146] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 3487792
[30864.677767] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 3487800
[30864.684382] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 3487808
[30864.690996] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 3487816
[30864.697652] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 3487824
[30864.708291] Aborting journal on device mmcblk1p1-8.
[30864.769510] mmcblk1: error -110 sending status command, retrying
[30864.817684] mmcblk1: error -110 sending status command, retrying
[30864.865245] mmcblk1: error -110 sending status command, aborting
[30864.871498] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 8192
[30864.877900] Buffer I/O error on dev mmcblk1p1, logical block 0, lost sync page write
[30864.886607] EXT4-fs error (device mmcblk1p1): ext4_journal_check_start:56: Detected aborted journal
[30864.895940] EXT4-fs (mmcblk1p1): Remounting filesystem read-only
[30864.902042] EXT4-fs (mmcblk1p1): previous I/O error to superblock detected
[30865.101035] mmcblk1: error -110 sending status command, retrying
[30865.115710] mmcblk1: error -110 sending status command, retrying
And here are the last few lines of /var/log/syslog
Aug 4 20:37:33 beaglebone connmand[794]: ntp: time slew -0.003904 s
Aug 4 20:37:33 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 20:39:03 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 20:39:04 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 20:40:34 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 20:40:35 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 20:42:05 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 20:42:14 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 20:43:44 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 20:43:56 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 20:45:26 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 20:45:27 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 20:46:57 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 20:46:57 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 20:48:27 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 20:48:32 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 20:50:02 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 20:50:13 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 20:51:43 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 20:51:47 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 20:53:17 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 20:53:17 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 20:54:47 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 20:54:37 beaglebone connmand[794]: ntp: time slew -0.010474 s
Aug 4 20:54:47 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 20:56:17 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 20:56:17 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 20:57:47 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 20:57:47 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 20:59:17 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 20:59:22 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 21:00:52 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 21:01:02 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 21:02:32 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 21:02:32 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 21:04:02 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 21:04:03 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 21:05:33 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 21:05:33 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 21:07:03 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 21:07:03 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 21:08:33 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 21:08:33 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 21:10:03 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 21:10:12 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 21:11:42 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 21:11:41 beaglebone connmand[794]: ntp: time slew -0.009679 s
Aug 4 21:11:51 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 21:13:21 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 21:13:22 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 21:14:52 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 21:14:53 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 21:16:23 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 21:16:35 beaglebone rsyslogd-2007: action 'action 17' suspended, next retry is Fri Aug 4 21:18:05 2017 [try
http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Aug 4 21:17:01 beaglebone CRON[4839]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly)
Aug 4 21:17:01 beaglebone kernel: [30864.563462] mmcblk1: error -110 sending status command, retrying
Aug 4 21:17:01 beaglebone kernel: [30864.597101] mmcblk1: error -110 sending status command, retrying
Aug 4 21:17:01 beaglebone kernel: [30864.638167] mmcblk1: error -110 sending status command, aborting
Aug 4 21:17:01 beaglebone kernel: [30864.644451] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 3487760
Aug 4 21:17:01 beaglebone kernel: [30864.651172] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 3487768
Aug 4 21:17:01 beaglebone kernel: [30864.657840] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 3487776
Aug 4 21:17:01 beaglebone kernel: [30864.664510] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 3487784
Aug 4 21:17:01 beaglebone kernel: [30864.671146] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 3487792
Aug 4 21:17:01 beaglebone kernel: [30864.677767] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 3487800
Aug 4 21:17:01 beaglebone kernel: [30864.684382] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 3487808
Aug 4 21:17:01 beaglebone kernel: [30864.690996] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 3487816
Aug 4 21:17:01 beaglebone kernel: [30864.697652] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev mmcblk1, sector 3487824