Also available in some [most]
enzyme-supplements and at the moment being seriously examined for its
effectiveness in such supplements for pancreas cancer.
One molecule called CCS blocks a protein called Ras, which is
defective in approximately 30% of all cancers.
The other, called CCZ, stimulates the body's own immune system to
target and kill cancer cells.
It is hoped the research, carried out by Queensland Institute of
Medical Research, could lead to new anti-cancer drugs.
The origin of many anti-cancer drugs can be found in nature Dr Julie Sharp |
The extract studied by the scientists,
bromelain, is a rich source of enzymes and is widely used as a meat
tenderiser, to clarify beer and tan leather hides.
The Queensland team discovered that the extract also had
pharmacological properties and could activate specific immune cells while,
simultaneously, blocking the immune function of other cells.
Lead researcher Dr Tracey Mynott said: "We suspected that different
components of the crude mixture might be responsible for bromelain's biological
effects.
"In searching for these components, we
discovered the CCS and CCZ proteins and found that they could block growth of a
broad range of tumour cells, including breast, lung, colon, ovarian and
melanoma."
New action
Both CCS and CCZ are protease enzymes, more usually associated with
breaking down proteins, as in the digestive process.
Dr Mynott said it was the first time this class of enzymes had been
shown to have a specific effect on the immune system.
"The way CCS and CCZ work is different to any other drug in clinical
use today.
"Therefore, CCS and CCZ will represent a totally new way of treating
disease and potentially a whole new class of anti-cancer agent."
Dr Julie Sharp, at Cancer Research UK, said: "The origin of many
anti-cancer drugs can be found in nature.
"However, it's early days for this research and the real test will be
to see if the effects seen in the lab can be reproduced successfully in
patients."