If you're interested in the targets that gazelle will generate the build files for, you can run
bazel query @repo_name//...
The building of docker images with bazel can be achieved using rules_docker (https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_docker)
rules_docker provides container_pull and container_image rules. The former is a repository rule (lives in WORKSPACE) and is used to pull down base images.
container_image (lives in a BUILD.bazel) creates the image target and lets you include other targets if you wish
In this case, you could include whichever go binary gazelle has written the build file for into your image.