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Magnhild Mongolo
The name "Modi" may be derived from the Marathi verb moḍaṇe (Marathi: मडणे), which means "to bend or break". Modi is believed to be derived from broken Devanagari characters, which lends support to that particular etymology.[2]
The use of Modi has diminished since the independence of India. Now the Balbodh style of Devanagari is the primary script used to write Marathi.[11][12] However, some linguists in Pune have recently begun trying to revive the script.[13]
The Modi script derives from the Nāgari family of scripts and is a modification of the Balbodh style of the Devanagari script intended for continuous writing. Although Modi is based upon Devanagari, it differs considerably from it in terms of letter forms, rendering behaviours, and orthography. The shapes of some consonants, vowels, and vowel signs are similar. The differences are visible in the behaviours of these characters in certain circumstances, such as consonant-vowel combinations and consonant conjuncts, which are standard features of Modi orthography. The Modi script has 46 distinctive letters, of which 36 are consonants and 10 vowels.[2]
The Modi script has several characteristics that facilitate writing, minimising having to lift the pen from the paper for dipping in ink while moving from one character to the next. Some characters are "broken" versions of their Devanagari counterparts, and many characters are more circular in shape. These characteristics make Modi a sort of cursive style of writing Marathi. The Modi script does not have the short 'i' (इ) and long 'ū' (ऊ) of Devanagari.[2] The cursive nature of the script also allowed scribes to easily make multiple copies of a document if required.[13]
The consonants fall into three broad categories: 1) Those that always retain their isolated form and attach their dependent vowel forms in a way common to most Indic scripts; 2) Those that take on a "contextual" form and change their form only in the presence of a dependent vowel immediately after, in which case those vowel forms are attached to the contextual form of the consonant in a uniform way as done with the consonants in Category 1 and with most other Indic alphabets; and 3) Those that form ligatures in the presence of vowel following the consonants. The ligatures are generally determined by the shape of the consonant and the presence of a loop on the right.
Regarding conjuncts, as in Devanagari, ksha and tra have special conjuncts, while other consonants typically occupy half forms or contextual forms. The letter ra is special, as it can take different visual positions as the first consonant in a conjunct cluster depending on whether it is palatalized or not. As the second consonant in a cluster, however, it functions almost identically as in Devanagari.
The head stroke in Modi is unlike Devanagari in that it is typically written before the letters are, in order to produce a "ruled page" for writing Modi in lines. Thus, there are no word boundaries that can be visibly seen, since the head stroke does not break between words.
The Modi script was frequently used as a shorthand script for swift writing in business and administration. Modi was used primarily by administrative people as well as businessmen in keeping their accounts and writing Hundis (credit notes). Modi was also used to encrypt the message since not all people were well-versed in reading this script.[13]
Before printing in Marathi was possible, the Modi script was used for writing prose and Balbodh was used for writing poetry. When printing in Marathi became possible, choosing between Modi and Balbodh was a problem. William Carey published the first book on Marathi grammar in 1805 using Balbodh since printing in the Modi script was not available to him in Serampore, Bengal. At the time Marathi books were generally written in Balbodh. However, subsequent editions of William Carey's book on Marathi grammar, starting in 1810, were written in the Modi script.[14][15] Using offset printing machines (previously Lithography) printing was in vogue.
Most Modi fonts are clip fonts. Some well-known Modi clip fonts include kotem1, developed by Ashok Kothare; Hemadree, developed by Somesh Bartakke; ModiGhate, developed by Sameer Ghate; and Modi Khilari, developed by Rajesh Khilari. Of these fonts, Hemadree and Modi Khilar' are the ones currently available.[16][17] Some other fonts for Modi use Devanagari Unicode Block to render Modi characters. The Modi script was included in Unicode for the first time in version 7.0.[2][18] This inclusion has recently led to the development of Unicode fonts for Modi, such as MarathiCursive and Noto Sans Modi. Also, a Unicode keyboard layout for Modi, named 'Modi (KaGaPa Phonetic)', has been recently added in the XKB keyboard stack,[19] which is mainly used in Linux based operating systems. The character mapping of this keyboard layout is similar to the existing Marathi (KaGaPa Phonetic) layout, but uses Modi's dedicated Unicode block for typing.
Most documents in Modi are handwritten. The oldest document in the Modi script is from 1389 and is preserved at the Bhārat Itihās Sanshodhan Mandal (BISM) in Pune.[6] The majority of documents and correspondence from before Shivaji Raje Bhonsle's times are written in the Modi script.[13]
I've just finished installing ubuntu 12.04 and installed the missed language packages but I strangely can't type backslash as I used to use the button above the windows button, Can't figure out what the problem is and I use this button a lot in programming using eclipse, so what is the problem?
When you add a layout to the list of layouts you're interested in you can see each one of them by pressing the button under the list, on the right. In this way you can check that the layout you've picked matches your keyboard layout.
Go to Settings. Select Region and Language sidebar option. The screen displays options to change language and format settings. In the Input Sources option, there is a small keyboard logo which in clicking shows the current layout settings for the keyboard. You can check if it matches the layout of your keyboard. If it doesn't, set a language (region) which matches your layout.
Language-setting alone might not be the issue - there's a specific design choice to do that in some applications. If you have a font with yen-symbol defined at certain points in the character set some apps (hello Chrome/Chromium!) will automatically replace backslash with yen-symbol for you. Super helpful! Exactly what everyone expects.
If you are going in circles with this one, you might want to experiment with font variations. Since this is emulating behaviour that came in with IE6 (though similar behaviour dates back to the days of MS-DOS and code-pages at least!) it is unlikely that this will be fixed any other way soon. If you are getting this with Chromium then you might want to try Firefox, which doesn't do that.
In the Marathi Language, there are two types of keyboard layout popular one is Remington and other is Inscript Layout. KrutiDev font has become popular from the times of typewriter when designing a keyboard layout which reduces tangling of keys. Now KrutiDev has the status of being the most popular keyboard layout, because of the popularity of it in Government Offices especially among clerks, typists etc but we on typingbaba provided both Mangal Font and KrutiDev font for all users so people will not have to go anywhere. Most important features of this typing test is an accurate and real-time assessment of the typing test result. Besides this people will have the freedom and flexibility to choose the time limit of the Marathi Typing Test and increasing and decreasing font according to their comfort. One of the outstanding achievement of this Typing test is the platform-independent nature of it which means you can visit this page in any operating system as well as in any browser it will always work the same.
Marathi Typing Test has both types of keyboard layout KrutiDev and Mangal Font which is Unicode based font, so, users can choose any layout and take this test. This test has a typing result based on a standard formula to assess the test progress which conforms to any government exams assessment formula which is based on a character-based formula where 5 characters are considered as a word. The best index of your typing progress is NWPM (Net Word Per Minute) which is an accurate result of your typing progress after eliminating the errors you committed. Every incorrect word you typed will be counted as error and will be shown in red colour. Other than that in Typing test window there are two symbols given one is for making words Bold and other is for making words Italic.
First of all, you should have to make your typing habits correct such as the correct posture of the spine, the right position of your fingers on the keyboard other than that alertness and keenness of mind are necessary prerequisites for progress in typing. Your progress in Typing is directly proportional to your passion and dedication in practising typing. Typing needs consistency to improve your speed and accuracy but it will not happen until you practice it regularly. This Marathi Typing Test is created after research and testing so that users get the best experience of typing where their concentration remain without any distraction. This Marathi Typing test is completely free of cost you can use it as many times as you want. If you are preparing for government typing exams this typing test is very helpful for we have provided a list of only those words which are very frequent in the Marathi language so that users can attain high speed and accuracy in very little time. Beginners should focus on improving their accuracy first after that they can improve the speed of typing.
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