As a transitional serif design, Georgia shows a number of traditional features of "rational" serif typefaces from around the early 19th century, such as alternating thick and thin strokes, ball terminals and a vertical axis. Speaking in 2013 about the development of Georgia and Miller, Carter said: "I was familiar with Scotch Romans, puzzled by the fact that they were once so popular... and then they disappeared completely."[3] Its figure (numeral) designs are lower-case, or text figures, designed to blend into continuous text; this was at the time a rare feature in computer fonts.[4]
The Georgia typeface is similar to Times New Roman, another reimagination of transitional serif designs, but as a design for screen display it has a larger x-height and fewer fine details. The New York Times changed its standard font from Times New Roman to Georgia in 2007.[11]
Microsoft publicly released the initial version of the font on 1 November 1996 as part of the core fonts for the Web collection, and later bundled it with the Internet Explorer 4.0 supplemental font pack: these releases made it available for installation on both Windows and Macintosh computers. This made it a popular choice for web designers, as pages specifying Georgia as a font choice would display identically on both types if users installed the core fonts package (or later Internet Explorer), simplifying development and testing. Its creators also produced Verdana at the same time, the first Microsoft sans-serif screen font, for the same purposes. Some early public releases of Georgia included number designs between upper- and lower-case, similar to those later released with Miller.[15][16] Carter was asked by Robert Norton, Microsoft's type director, to change these to text, a decision that Carter later considered an improvement.[17]
Microsoft has commissioned a number of variants. Georgia Ref, a variant of Georgia consisting of a single weight, but with extra characters, was bundled with Microsoft Bookshelf 2000, Encarta Encyclopedia Deluxe 99 and Encarta Virtual Globe 99. MS Reference Serif, a derivative of Georgia Ref with a bold weight and italic, was also included in Microsoft Encarta. However, Microsoft's font manager Bill Hill wrote, "I for one never felt totally comfortable with it as a book face. There's something very dark and 'vertical' about the way it feels." He also noted that Microsoft had commissioned an alternative, versions of the existing typefaces Berling and Frutiger, for its Microsoft Reader e-book product.[22] Despite this, Georgia is included among the bundled book-reading fonts for several e-book applications.[23]
Although inspired by the need for - and providing - clarity at low resolutions on the screen, Georgia is a typeface resonant with typographic personality. Even at small sizes the face exudes a sense of friendliness; a feeling of intimacy many would argue has been eroded from Times New Roman through overuse. This is as much testament to the skill of the typeface's designer, Matthew Carter, as it is to any intrinsic quality of the face's design, since the small pixel spaces of the screen can be a harrowing canvas for any type designer. In Georgia, Carter has successfully managed to create a typeface family which combines high legibility with character and charm. At high resolutions and larger sizes on screen, it's evident that Georgia's ancestory is essentially that of Didot and - most noticeably - of Scotch Roman. Carter acknowledges the influence of Richard Austin's early nineteenth-century cut of Scotch Roman on the design of his letterforms. At the time he started Georgia he had been working on a new retail family called Miller, which is a version of Scotch Roman. Carter admits that he had always admired Scotch, particularly in its early forms as cut by Richard Austin for Bell and Miller. The influence of the Scotch model on Georgia is most clearly seen in the horizontal top serifs of the lowercase b, d, h, k and l, and by the flat top of the lowercase t, a typographic allusion to the typeface's roots in Didot. To create a font tailored for on-screen display, Carter had to make several departures from the Scotch mold. In Georgia, the uppercase characters are lightened, the x-height is increased, the ascenders rise above the cap height, and the numerals, often cut with a high degree of stress, have been evened out and made slightly non-aligning - a characteristic that imparts a flavor of individuality to any page set in Georgia. Georgia's accompanying italic is a graceful, flowing font, the design of which entirely masks the difficulty of creating an italic for the screen. Unlike many contemporary fonts, it is a true italic, containing such characters as the single-storeyed lowercase a and g. The bold weight of the typeface has been similarly carefully designed, to ensure that it is always heavier than the regular weight; an important consideration at small sizes on the screen, where it is often necessary to distinguish between the two. Originally made available in September 1996, the Georgia typeface family was released in an extended version in October 1997. The newer releases contain all the characters necessary to typeset Eastern European languages, in addition to the Greek and Cyrillic scripts.
Georgia version historyVersion 2.05 - This version includes some minor table updates, but no new glyphs. Version 2.00 - Georgia 2.00 which includes the euro, proper old-style figures and the full WGL4 character set was added to the Windows 98 update Web font pack in August 1998. Version 1.00 - Georgia 1.00 was added to our collection of Core fonts for the Web on 1 November 1996. It was also included in the Internet Explorer 4.0 supplemental font pack.
The winfonts package has the necessary files to use the fonts which come with Windows XP , but you'll have to install it by yourself in your texmf-local tree. There's no math support, as far as I know.
Not knowing your exact purpose, you might also want to consider simply using numbers from a more commonly available similar font. Times New Roman, for example, isn't too different, and mixing the numerals from Times with those of Georgia doesn't look too bad.
I just checked on my Mac (El Capitan), it is Georgia version 5.00x-4. It does NOT support the Lining Number Forms. Of course, I copied and installed the fonts from my Win 10 to my Mac and now my Mac has a version which supports them :). If that's illegal, lock me up now! I have the latest Office 365 on my Mac. I should have the latest version of Georgia too darn it!
Only I only downloaded Georgia Pro - which was only 1-font style download, so therefore bolding doesn't work, then I downloaded Georgia Pro Bold - so it started to become a pain the arse real quick switching between Georgia for body text, then Georgia Pro for unbolded numbers, and Georgia Pro Bold for bolded numbers.
A webfont subsetted to include only the characters 0-9. No unicode-range necessary. [Font Squirrel's generator is a quick way to extract a subset from any font. It even has an option to match x-height to Georgia.] The price is close to 10KB compressed.
In some fonts, you can simply use "uppercase" numbers, that is, type in capitals, and it will automatically make the switch. This is especially useful for tables and infographics, where the Old Style may be distracting.
I still prefer usability above design when it comes to copy text. (not talking about headers)
Sans serif fonts are still easier to read on screen. (by a big margin)
Verdana is the fastest & easiest to read font for text on screen (especially 10 - 12px), so I prefer to use it for my main copy.
But if you really want to use serif fonts for your copy, Georgia is your best choice (the easiest to read.) For print I always use Georgia, because it has the best readability for print + it looks damn nice (a lot better then Times New Roman)
When considering the so-called "web safe fonts", Georgia is one of the most distinctive typefaces out there. This means that it cannot be easily dealt-with with a generic serif fallback because its letters are much bigger than those found in Times and its many implementations.
Wikipedia shows the following picture, demonstrating the fact that letters in Georgia are about 10% larger than Times New Roman. Georgia is commonly found on Windows and OS X, however it is a proprietary font not found on Linux, unless the user installs the corefonts package.
This is due to the fact that serif based fonts offer a more pleasant reading experience for the grader. I have personally switched to Georgia on all of my papers, and have noticed a slight increase in my grade point average. Of course, you still have to actually know what you're talking about.
The Internet was growing by leaps and bounds in the early 90s, so there was a real need for fonts that would look good even at low resolutions and in smaller sizes. Georgia fits that bill because it creates an interesting typeface that is still legible and easy to read. The addition of serifs makes the font suited both for headlines and body text.
The initial release of Georgia was bundled in the core fonts for Web. It then came as a supplemental pack of fonts. The font was compatible with both Windows and Mac computers, and because the font looked the same on both systems, it became popular with designers. Everyone on the team could easily work on the same design without it being skewed on different platforms. People began to see the many different applications for the font.
The lower case letters in Georgia are a bit taller than some other fonts. And the typeface is darker, which makes it easy to read even at smaller sizes. One way to describe Georgia is that it is similar to Times New Roman but is taller and bolder. Carter points out that when they were designed, Georgia and Verdana were about binary bitmaps and turning every pixel either on or off in black or white. The higher x-height gives it an elegant look other fonts might miss. In larger sizes, it does not come off as squatty looking.
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