History > who was Zain ul Abidin , son of Hussein bin Ali, grandson of Ali ra. and about the man , poisened him>Hisham ibn abd al-malik
Hafiz
-generations to Understand their Reality.
Here from WIKIPEDIA the History of Zain ul Abidin , son of Hussein
bin Ali, grandson of Ali ra.
called Ahl i bayt - The House of the Family of Muhhamad sos - later called SHIA,
the party of ALI, since Arabs kept ISLAM oiutside, but still had NO
faith or little , like Allah says : Asch had al Arab kufran wal nafaq
-the Arabs are Disbelievers and Hippocrites, and up to now, as we see
in Egypt, yemen, syria, libya, Tunesia , Algeria, all over Bad people
bring up BAD RULERS, reflecting them ?
CORRECT ? Few will be interested and you may go to the LINK above and
correct it,if you have that knowledge...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zayn_al-%E2%80%98%C4%80bid%C4%ABn
Zayn al-‘Ābidīn
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
‘Alī Zayn al-‘Ābidīn
Imams of Shi'a Islam
Rank Fourth Twelver/Zaydi/Musta‘lī Imām, Third Nizārī Imām
Name `Alī ibn Husayn
Kunya Abu al-Hasan
Birth 5th Sha‘bān 38 AH[1]
≈ 659 C.E.
Death 12th or 25th Muharram 95 AH
'≈ 712 C.E.
Birthplace Madīnah[2][3] or Kūfah[4]
Buried Jannatul Baqī‘, Madīnah
Life Duration
Before Imamate: 23 years
(38 – 61 AH)
- 2 years with his grandfather ‘Alī
– 12 years with his uncle Hasan ibn `Alī
– 23 years with his father Husayn ibn ‘Alī
Imamate: 34 years
(61 – 95 AH)
Titles
Zaynul ‘Ābidīn[3][5][6] (Arabic for Ornament of the Worshippers)
as-Sajjād[7][8] (Arabic for One who constantly Prostrates)
Ibn al-Khiyaratayn[6][9]
(Arabic for Son of the Best Two)
Dhul Thafanāt[8]
(Arabic for One with Calluses)
al-Amīn[9]
(Arabic for The Trusted)
Dördüncü Ali
(Turkish for Fourth Ali)
Spouse(s)
Fātimah bint al-Hasan ibn ‘Alī as-Siddīqa,
Jayda al-Sindhi
Father Husayn ibn ‘Alī
Mother Shahr Bānū[3][6][10]
Children
Muhammad al-Bāqir,
Zayd ibn ‘Alī,
Umar.[11][12][13][14][15][16]
Ali · Hasan · Husayn
al-Sajjad · al-Baqir · al-Sadiq
Musa (Twelver) · Ismail (Ismaili)
‘Alī ibn Ḥusayn (Arabic: علي بن حسين زين العابدين) (approximately 6
January 659 – 20 October 712)[2] known as Zayn al-‘Ābidīn
("Beauty/Best of the Worshippers") was a great-grandson of Muhammad,
as well as the fourth Shī‘ah Imām (the third Imām according to
Ismā‘ilī Islam). His mother was Shahrbānū and his father was Ḥusayn
ibn ‘Alī. His brothers include ‘Alī al-Aṣghar ibn Ḥusayn and ‘Alī
al-Akbar ibn Ḥusayn. He is also referred to as Imām al-Sajjad "the
Prostrating Imām" and Sayyid as-Sājjadīna wa r-Rāki‘īn "Leader of
Those who Prostrate and Bow".
Quotations related to ‘Alī ibn Husayn Zaynul ‘Ābidīn at Wikiquote
Contents [hide]
1 Birth and family life
2 Learning
3 His contribution to Islam
4 Piety
5 Attention to the life and training of people
6 The Day of Ashura
7 Death
8 Time line
9 See also
10 External links
11 References
11.1 Shi'a references
[edit]Birth and family life
‘Alī ibn Ḥusayn was born on 15th Jamadiulawwal or 5th Shabaan 38 AH
(654) in Medina. His father, Husayn ibn ‘Alī, was a grandson of
Prophet Muhammad. His brothers were Ali Akbar ibn Hussain and Ali
Asghar ibn Hussain. His sisters were Sakinah(Fatema Kubra) bint Husayn
and Fatema Sugra bint Husayn and Ruqayyah(Sakina 4 years old).
[edit]Learning
He dedicated his life to learning and became an authority on prophetic
traditions and Sharia. He is regarded as the source of the third
holiest book in Shī‘ah Islam after the Qur'an and the Nahj al Balagha:
the Saḥīfa al-Sadjadiyya, commonly referred to as the Psalms of the
Household of Muhammad. ‘Alī ibn Ḥusayn had many supporters such as
Sa‘īd ibn Jubayr.
He was beside his father right from the moment of his migration
towards Karbala and followed his father. Hussain ibn Ali step by step
so that, when his father asked for help on ‘Āshūrā got up to extend
help to his father. Zaynab bint ‘Alī stopped him and said,
You are the only memorial remnant of this family and the Imam after
Hussain ibn Ali and you are the guardian of all of us. Your divine
mission is to convey the message of the martyrs to the people.
Although a segment of the people who are unaware consider Ali ibn
Hussain to be a sick, invalid, handicapped, and a weak person. But
they are seriously mistaken because the illness of Ali ibn Hussain was
an expedience and policy of Allah, so that he may remain safe from the
harm of the enemy's sword, and become the living history of Karbala.
Therefore, after the death of Hussain ibn Ali and his companions,
Shimr ibn Dhil-Jawsha came into the encampment of the Ahl Al-Bayt
along with a group of his soldiers so that he may kill the remaining
ones of the camp of Hussain ibn Ali. Since he was ill, Shimr ibn
Dhil-Jawsha's companions objected upon him and Umar ibn Sa'ad came
after them and reprimanded Shimr ibn Dhil-Jawsha regarding this
decision and turned him out of the encampment and said, "Ali ibn
Hussain is an ill man and because of that he cannot do a thing, leave
him alone."[citation needed]
One of his sons' name was Umer (Nasab-e-Quresh by Musaab Zuberi P-61)
[edit]His contribution to Islam
[17]
Yazid I had given the Imam his freedom to return to his home in Medina
out of love. The Imam, therefore, was still not out of danger. The
Imam, therefore, had to find out a way to preach the true message of
Allah without appearing to be working against the government.
To save his crown, Yazid I turned to using force. He decided to kill
anyone who opposed him. The Imam had to place himself in such a
position that no one could say that he was also amongst those plotting
to overthrow Yezid. Otherwise, the Imam would not be able to complete
the mission of saving Islam from its enemies. He would either be
imprisoned again or even be killed. Who would then be there to serve
Islam the way Allah wished it to be served?
When martyrdom was necessary to keep Islam alive, Imam Husain publicly
opposed Yazid I and was killed as a result.
He held regular mourning session in his house. Those who attended
these sessions would then be served with food in the name of his
father, Imam Husain Imam Zainul Abidin through such mourning sessions
let the world know the reason why it was necessary for Imam Husain to
sacrifice his life but not accept Yezid as the rightful ruler of the
Muslims.
The one most important thing that the Imam did after returning from
Damascus was to spend a lot of his time praying to Allah. His prayers
were not only in the form of "Namaz" but also in the way of "Duas" or
supplications.With the help of these 'Duas', Imam Zainul Abidin taught
Muslims not only how to pray to Allah but also what is the essence of
Islam.These ideas, if preached in any other form, would without and
doubt, invite the government of Bani Umayyah to put the Imam in
trouble. But who would complain if the Imam addressed his creator,
Allah using "Duas"?
The plot of Yezid and his family of Bani Umayyah to rule the Muslim areas.
In this way through mourning for his father and praying to Allah.
The greatest result of the Imam's decision to lead a quiet life was:
the government became sure that he was not going to be dangerous to
them. They, therefore, left him alone.
What the government failed to understand was that Imam Zainul Abidin
opposed them.
By being left on his own, not only did the Imam widen the horizons of
Islam, but also found a place for himself to let the Muslims community
see for themselves who truly was the representative of the Prophet.
This was a very important job to be done by the Imam.
The effect of the teaching and the pure life-style of the Imam was
such that he came to be regarded as an excellent person and an
authority of the religion of Islam.
By the time the Bani Umayyah realised the wisdom of Imam Zainul
Abidin's approach to establish Islam through the memory of his father
and prayers of Allah, it was too late. Without the knowledge of the
government the Imam had raised his position in the Muslims community
so high that none of the rulers could reach, with all their wealth and
power.
[edit]Piety
One of the special features of Ali ibn Hussain character was his piety
and abstinence. The Shī‘ah Imām Ja‘far aṣ-Ṣādiq said,
Ali ibn Hussain resembled most of all the sons of Bani Hashim, with
Ali ibn Abi Talib.[citation needed]
Muhammad al-Baqir, the son of Zayn al-‘Ābidīn (‘Alī ibn Ḥusayn) and
the fifth Shi’ah Imam, said
One day I happened to see my father, I saw him (completely) immersed
and (thoroughly pre occupied) in the prayers and with all the
attention towards Allah. His color was faded and his eyes were sore
and red due to weeping, his feet were swollen by (prostration) and
legs, and knees had developed corns. I said humbly "Oh father, why do
you lose your self control during the prayers and put yourself in such
an inconvenience and discomfort. My father wept and said, "Oh son
however and whatsoever amount of prayers I perform even then it is
meager and very little as compared to the prayers of your grandfather,
Ali ibn Abi Talib. Taous Yamni says, I saw Ali ibn Hussain lying in
prostration saying, "Oh God your servant, needy towards you, is in
your house waiting for your blessing, forgiveness and favor".[citation
needed]
[edit]Attention to the life and training of people
‘Alī ibn Ḥusayn, like his grandfather, cultivated land and palm date
orchards. All the human qualities and attributes were collectively
present in his personality. He was the complete specimen of tolerance,
forgiveness and self-sacrifice. During the prayers he would get
himself so absorbed that he did not have any attention towards
anything except God. He traveled to Mecca, on foot, twenty times and
continuously guided and conducted people through the attractive melody
of the Qur'anic verses.
As the son of Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī, he was under great scrutiny and could
not directly guide those who secretly followed the household of
Muhammad. But he conveyed his understanding of the relationship
between human and God by the prayers and supplications that he offered
God during his extensive nighttime vigils in the mosque of the Prophet
in Medina. These prayers and supplications were written down and then
disseminated by his sons and the subsequent generations. Among them is
the Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya, which is known as the Psalms of Islam.
He looked after and administrated hundreds of houses of the poor and
hunger stricken. Daily a number of goats were slaughtered in his house
and he distributed all their meat among the afflicted. He dressed the
naked and the destitute ones and paid their debts and loans. But he
himself took simple meals and put on simple dress.
When the nights would become dark and all the people went to sleep,
‘Alī ibn Ḥusayn would get up put the food in a sack and on his
shoulder. He covered his face so that he is not recognized. Then he
took that food to the houses of the inflicted and have-nots and gave
it to them.
He administrated and looked after nearly a hundred guardians-less
family in Medina; most of them comprised indigent, helpless and
crippled, handicapped and paralytic ones. None of these families knew
that ‘Alī ibn Ḥusayn was the one who managed and run their lives. But
after his death, when the aids were discontinued they came to know
that Ali ibn Husayn was their helper and friend.
A person came to ‘Alī ibn Ḥusayn and started addressing him with
filthy and abusive language. ‘Alī ibn Ḥusayn turned his face towards
him without the slightest anger and quarrel or strife and said,
Oh brother, if what you say is right and correct and these vices are
present in me then Allah may pardon and forgive my sin. And if you are
telling a lie then Allah may forgive you and pardon your sin.[citation
needed]
The man was very much ashamed and asked ‘Alī ibn Ḥusayn to pardon him.
Abu Hamza ath-Thumali, who was one of the friends of ‘Alī ibn Ḥusayn,
asked his servant to briefly define the character and morals of Ali
ibn Hussain. He said: "I am at his service for so many years. Whatever
I saw was righteousness, piety and purity. My lord helps and assists
the people and solves their problems, with all the difficulties
worries and preoccupations that he himself faces." Zaid ibn Usama was
lying on the deathbed. Ali ibn Hussain visited him, Zaid was weeping.
When Ali ibn Husayn asked him the reason of his weeping he said, "I
have to pay fifteen thousand Dinars as my loan and debt and my wealth
is not so much as to pay off the debt." Ali ibn Husayn said, "Do not
weep and be contented, I will pay your entire loan."[citation needed]
[edit]The Day of Ashura
See also: The Sermon of Ali ibn Husayn in Damascus
At the Battle of Karbala on the day of Ashura, Hussain ibn Ali and
most of his family were killed. Zayn al-Abidin survived because he was
too sick to fight, and was bedridden. Afterwards, he was taken
prisoner by the Umayyad forces and transported to Damascus where he
was made a prisoner of the Caliph, Yazid I. After some years, he was
freed, and returned to Medina where he lived a quiet life as a scholar
and a teacher.
It is said that for forty years, whenever food or water was placed
before him, he would weep. One day, a servant said to him, "O son of
Allah's Messenger! Is it not time for your sorrow to come to an end?"
He replied, "Woe upon you! Jacob the prophet had twelve sons, and God
made one of them disappear. His eyes turned white from constant
weeping, his head turned grey out of sorrow, and his back became bent
in gloom, though his son was alive in this world. But I watched while
my father, my brother, my uncle, and seventeen members of my family
were slaughtered all around me. How should my sorrow come to an
end?"[citation needed]
‘Alī ibn Ḥusayn, along with the left behind families of the fallen,
was besieged by the enemy, came out on the morning of 11 Muharram, 61
AH. They had chained his hands and feet with a set of chains called
al-Jameaa "الجامعة" and placed the heads of the dead in front of him
so that his sorrow and grief was increased, and those chains made big
scars and marks on his body; and it was seen by his sons when they
were washing him before burial; and they saw these scars and marks –
how painful it was and how it was marked.
The family of ‘Alī ibn Ḥusayn, as against the concept of a group who
think they were defeated, where ever they set foot, they would
announce the success of their revolution and the defeat of Yazid. It
was Damscus where he buried his youngest sister Sakina bint Hussain.
[edit]Death
‘Alī ibn Ḥusayn resided in Medina until his death on 12th or 25th of
Muharram, 95 AH (approximately 23 October 712), when he was killed by
the Bani Umayyah rulers. By the instructions of Walid Bin Merwan, the
governor of Medina, Ali was poisoned by Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik. He
was buried in Jannatul Baqee', the cemetery in Madinah where other
important figures of Islamic history are buried.
[edit]Time line
Zayn al-‘Ābidīn
of the Ahl al-Bayt
125px
Banu Hashim
Clan of the Banu Quraish
Born: 5th Sha‘bān 38 AH ≈ 659 CE Died: 25th Muharram 95 AH ≈ 712 CE
Shī‘a Islam titles
Preceded by
Husayn ibn Ali 4th Imam of Twelver Shi'a Islam
669 – 680
3rd Imam of Ismaili Shi'a Islam Succeeded by
Muhammad al-Baqir
Successor
Succeeded by
Zayd ibn Ali
Zaidi successor
[edit]See also
--
what was first, the hen or the egg
?>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>Here about the
MURDER of Zain ul Abidin >
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisham_ibn_Abd_al-Malik
Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Hisham" redirects here. For the hadith narrator, see Hisham ibn Urwah.
Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
Caliph of the Umayyad dynasty
Reign 723–743
Full name Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
Born 691
Died 6 February 743
Predecessor Yazid II
Successor Al-Walid II
Offspring Maslamah, Mu'awiyah, Sa'id, Sulayman
Dynasty Umayyad, Marwanid branch
Father Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (691 – 6 February 743) (Arabic: هشام بن عبد
الملك) 10th Umayyad caliph who ruled from 723 until his death in 743.
When he was born in 691 his mother named him after her father.
Inheriting the caliphate from his brother Yazid II, Hisham was ruling
an empire with many different problems. He would, however, be
effective in attending to these problems, and in allowing the Umayyad
empire to continue as an entity. His long rule was an effective one,
and it saw a rebirth of reforms that were originated by Umar bin Abd
al-Aziz.
Like his brother al-Walid I, Hisham was a great patron of the arts,
and he again encouraged arts in the empire. He also encouraged the
growth of education by building more schools, and perhaps most
importantly, by overseeing the translation of numerous literary and
scientific masterpieces into Arabic. He returned to a stricter
interpretation of the Sharia as Umar had, and enforced it, even upon
his own family. His ability to stand up to the Umayyad clan may have
been an important factor in his success, and may point to why his
brother Yazid was ineffective.
On the military front his empire suffered a series of setbacks,
including in Transoxiana. Hisham sent armies to end the Hindu
rebellion in Sindh, and was successful when the Hindu ruler Jai Singh
was killed. This allowed the Umayyads to reassert their rule over some
portions of their provinces in India. In Spain, the internal conflicts
of the years past were ended, and Hisham's governor, Abd ar Rahman ibn
Abdallah, assembled a large army that went into France. He besieged
Bordeaux and pushed to the Loire. This marked the limit of Arabic
conquest in Western Europe. The wave was halted at the Battle of Tours
by Charles Martel who inflicted a crushing defeat to the Arabs.
Under Hisham's rule, regular raids against the Byzantines continued.
One regular commander of Arab forces was the redoubtable Maslamah,
Hisham's half-brother. He fought the Byzantines in A.H. 107 (725-726)
and the next year captured Caesarea Mazaca. He also fought the Khazars
in the Caucasus. In A.H. 110 he fought for a month against the Khaqan
there and defeated him. Hisham's son Mu'awiyah ibn Hisham was another
Arab commander in the almost annual raids against the Byzantine
Empire. In A.H. 110 he took the fort of Samalu in Cilicia. The next
year Mu'awiyah thrust left and Sa'id ibn Hisham right. In addition
there was also a sea raid. In A.H. 112 Mu'awiyah captured Kharsianon
in Cappadocia.
Mu'awiyah raided the Byzantine Empire in A.H. 113 (731-732). The next
year he captured Aqrun (Akroinos), while Abdallah al-Battal took a
Byzantine commander prisoner. Mu'awiyah raided Byzantium in A.H. 115,
116, 117 and 118. In A.H. 119 (737) al Walid ibn al Qa'qa al-Absi led
the raid against the Byzantines. The next year Sulayman ibn Hisham
captured Sindirah (Sideroun). In A.H. 121 (738-739) Maslamah captured
some of Cappadocia and also raided the Avars. Theophanes the Confessor
(p. 103) states that while some Arabs raided successfully in 739 and
returned home safely, others were soundly defeated at the Battle of
Akroinon. He records that internal Byzantine strife (the struggle
between Constantine V and the usurper Artabasdos) facilitated Arab
raids by Sulayman ibn Hisham in 741-742 (p. 106) that resulted in many
Byzantines made Arab captives. Al-Tabari refers to the same raid. (v.
26, p. 68)
In North Africa, Kharijite teachings combined with natural local
restlessness to produce a significant Berber revolt. In 740 A large
Berber force surrounded a loyal army at Wadi Sherif. The loyalists
fought to the death. Hisham dispatched a force of 27,000 Syrians. This
was destroyed in 741. In 742 Handhala ibn Safwan began successfully,
but soon was besieged in Qairawan. He led a desperate sortie from the
city that scattered the Berbers, killing thousands and re-establishing
Umayyad rule.
Hisham also faced a revolt by the armies of Zayd bin Ali, grandson of
Husayn bin Ali, which was however easily put down. Zayd had faced
litigation. He had been initially favoured by Hisham, though the
caliph was displeased by Zayd's suggestions that Zayd was superior.
Kufans encouraged Zayd to revolt. Zayd was ordered to leave Kufah and
though he appeared to set out for Mecca, he returned and dwelt
secretly in Kufah moving from house to house and receiving the
allegiance of many people. Yusuf ibn Umar, Iraq's governor, learned of
the plot, commanded the people to gather at the great mosque, locked
them inside and began a search for Zayd.
Zayd with some troops fought his way to the mosque and called on
people to come out. He then pushed back Yusuf's troops, but was felled
by an arrow. Although his body was initially buried, the spot was
pointed out and it was extracted, beheaded and the head sent to Hisham
and later to Medina.
Despite Hisham's successes, the Abbasids continued to gain power,
building power bases in Khurasan and Iraq. However, they would not
prove strong enough to make a move yet. Some of them were caught,
punished or executed by eastern governors. Alī ibn Ḥusayn son of
Husayn bin Ali resided in Medina, was poisoned by Hisham ibn Abd
al-Malik on 25th of Muharram, 95 AH (approximately 23 October , 712).
Hisham died of diphtheria on Wednesday, February 6, 743. He impressed
others with his simplicity and honesty. He wore the same green cloak
he had worn since before becoming caliph. He demonstrated he knew how
to make bread and to milk a goat. He was conscientious in
administering the finances of the empire. As all the Marwanids, he did
not draw the military stipend, unless actually on campaign. He dwelt
in the desert to avoid plague. Near the Byzantine site of al-Rusafah
he built two castles. Hisham was succeeded by his nephew al-Walid ibn
Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik (Walid II).
[edit]Bibliography
The End of Expansion: The Caliphate of Hisham A.D. 724-738/A.H.
105-120 by Jere L. Bacharach and Khalid Y. Blankinship, Albany, SUNY
Press, 1989.
Preceded by
Yazid II Caliph
724–743 Succeeded by
Walid II
[hide]v · d · eUmayyad Caliphs
Family tree · Media
Caliphs of Damascus
(661–750)
Muawiya I · Yazid I · Muawiya II · Marwan I · Abd al-Malik · Al-Walid
I · Sulayman · Umar II · Yazid II · Hisham · Al-Walid II · Yazid III ·
Ibrahim · Marwan II
Emirs of Córdoba
(756–929)
Abd ar-Rahman I · Hisham I · Al-Hakam I · Abd ar-Rahman II · Muhammad
I · Al-Mundhir · Abdullah · Abd-ar-Rahman III
Caliphs of Córdoba
(929–1031)
Abd-ar-Rahman III · Al-Hakam II · Hisham II · Muhammad II · Sulayman ·
Hisham II · Sulayman · Ali ibn Hammud al-Nasir[H] · Abd ar-Rahman IV ·
Al-Qasim ibn Hammud al-Ma'mun[H] · Yahya ibn Ali al-Mu'tali[H] ·
Al-Qasim ibn Hammud al-Ma'mun[H] · Abd ar-Rahman V · Muhammad III ·
Yahya ibn Ali al-Mu'tali[H] · Hisham III
