Sanskrit Sloka - Mathematics

[Sundara Rajan]

Sloka with mathematics as a subject
Bhāskarāchārya (1114 -1185 CE), has been called the greatest mathematician of medieval India. He was born in Karnataka, and is considered the progenitor of Differential Calculus - 500 years before Newton and Leibniz! 

Bhāskarāchārya wrote at least four mathematical treatises in Sanskrit. One of them, titled Leelavati, contains many algebra-related teasers, which have become the subject of significant research by scholars. These teasers are in the form of shlokas which pose the problems. The shlokas need to be interpreted correctly to decipher the meaning in order to find the solution.
Take a look at the shloka displayed below.

पार्थ: कर्णवधाय मार्गणगणं क्रुद्धो रणे संदधे
तस्यार्धेन निवार्य तच्छरगणं मूलैश्चतुभिर्हयान् |
शल्यं षड्भिरथेषुभिस्त्रिभिरपि च्छत्रं ध्वजं कार्मुकम्
चिच्छेदास्य शिरः शरेण कति ते यानर्जुनः संदधे || ७६ ||

The direct meaning of this shloka is a question formulated as follows:
During the battle between Arjuna and Karna in the Mahabharata, Arjuna released some arrows. Of the released arrows:

• Half were consumed in stopping the arrows coming from Karna

• 4 times the squareroot of the arrows were consumed to control the horses of Karna's chariot

• 6 were for gaining control over Shalya, the charioteer of Karna. (Shalya was the maternal uncle of Nakula and Sahadeva)

• 3 were used to take on the umbrella and flag of the chariot and the bow of Karna.

• Finally Karna was killed by a single arrow.

So how many arrows were released by Arjuna in the battle?

Basic algebra easily yields the answer to this question, if the equation is formulated correctly.

Let the number of arrows used by Arjuna be X²

He used half of these arrows to destroy Karna's arrows, that is, X² /2.

He killed all of Karna's horses with four times the square root of these arrows, that is, 4x.

He destroyed the spear with 6 arrows. He used one arrow each to destroy the top of the chariot, the flag and Karna's bow. And finally, with the last arrow he cut off Karna's head.

We have,

However, the fun is not just in getting the algebra right. There is so much hidden information in this shloka. If we pause to think a little deeper about the hidden meanings:

• Even for an atirathi like Arjuna, it took as many as 50 arrows to stop the arrows of Karna - it tells us about the skills of Karna.

• That the horses needed 40 arrows to immobilize the chariot tells us about the kind of training given to the horses in the battle field.

• When even the horses needed 40 arrows, that Shalya the charioteer surrendered with just 6 tells us that he is favouring Arjuna.

• 3 arrows to take the chariot and the bow shows the helplessness of Karna.

• Once everything is in control the enemy should vanquished in just a single arrow.

So the rules and skills required to win such a battle *operationally * are: firstly, stop the enemy fire-power; second, immobilize the enemy by taking on his mobility- the horses and the driver; thirdly signal to him his helplessness by destroying the carriage, and finally eliminate the enemy himself.

If we analyze the same shloka on the spiritual side:

• To attain ultimate liberation, firstly one needs to control over his/her personal desires, this being a very difficult task, thus takes 50 arrows.

• Then take control over the five senses and sensual pleasures indicated by the horses. The 40 arrows needed to do this indicate the difficulty of the task.

• Gaining control over 5 senses will lead one to control over the consciousness (manas, thought, ego) indicated by the driver.

• If all the foregoing are done, achieving the ultimate liberation (moksha) should be relatively easy.

This is the greatness of our ancestors in sanatana dharma - Vidya integrated with Values. Just a single shloka includes so much of knowledge! The elegance of shlokas is good mathematics has been beautifully illustrated by the ancient Indian mathematicians.

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आकाशात् पतितं तोयं यथा गच्छति सागरम् |सर्वदेवनमस्कारं 

 केशवं प्रति गच्छति ||

 As all the raindrops falling from the sky ultimately meet their end in the ocean, the worship of any divine God ultimately reach the one Supreme Lord.

[santhanam n]

Namaskarams. 

Abhaaram Anna.

Santhanam 

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[Sakthi Dharan]

Fantastic.What a great treatise.

We should be happy and proud.

Thanks for bringing out.

Sent from my iPad

On Jul 3, 2021, at 10:49 PM, Sundara Rajan <sudar...@gmail.com> wrote:



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