关于在ubuntu11.10和12.04上luagd库编译通不过的情况

[Tang Daogang]

去年就发现这个问题了，一直没去解决。现在12.04要出来了，这是长期支持版本，所以就花时间研究了下。

问题如下所示：

daogang@bamboo:~/Packages/bamboo_installer/lua-gd-2.0.33r2$ ls

COPYING  debian  demos  doc  gd.o  gd.so  luagd.c  lua-gd.spec  Makefile  Makefile~  README  test_features.lua

daogang@bamboo:~/Packages/bamboo_installer/lua-gd-2.0.33r2$ lua -lgd

lua: error loading module 'gd' from file './gd.so':

./gd.so: undefined symbol: gdImageSquareToCircle

stack traceback:

[C]: ?

[C]: ?

[C]: ?

一点一点对lua-gd中的编译选项进行了研究，记录如下：

gcc -o gd.so `gdlib-config --features |sed -e "s/GD_/-DGD_/g"` `gdlib-config --cflags` `pkg-config lua5.1 --cflags` -O -Wall -fPIC -shared `gdlib-config --ldflags` `gdlib-config --libs` `pkg-config lua5.1 --libs` -lgd luagd.c -fPIC

gcc -c luagd.c -o gd.o `gdlib-config --features |sed -e "s/GD_/-DGD_/g"` `gdlib-config --cflags` `pkg-config lua5.1 --cflags` 

-------

gdlib-config --features |sed -e "s/GD_/-DGD_/g"

-DGD_XPM -DGD_JPEG -DGD_FONTCONFIG -DGD_FREETYPE -DGD_PNG -DGD_GIF -DGD_GIFANIM -DGD_OPENPOLYGON

-------

gdlib-config --cflags

-I/usr/include

--------

pkg-config lua5.1 --cflags

-I/usr/include/lua5.1 

gcc -shared -o gd.so `gdlib-config --ldflags` `gdlib-config --libs` `pkg-config lua5.1 --libs` -lgd gd.o

---------

gdlib-config --ldflags

-L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro

---------

gdlib-config --libs

-lXpm -lX11 -ljpeg -lfontconfig -lfreetype -lpng12 -lz -lm

----------

pkg-config lua5.1 --libs

-llua5.1  

把编译参数展开后，分如下两步走：

gcc -c luagd.c -DGD_XPM -DGD_JPEG -DGD_FONTCONFIG -DGD_FREETYPE -DGD_PNG -DGD_GIF -DGD_GIFANIM -DGD_OPENPOLYGON -I/usr/include -I/usr/include/lua5.1 -fPIC -o gd.o

gcc -shared -o gd.so gd.o -lgd -llua5.1

发现，可以了。其实主要是ld阶段的参数过多问题。

并且发现，新版本的gcc，对参数的顺序也有讲究。比如下面的两个，就是ld的时候换了一下位置而已，可是一个编译不过，一个编译通过。

daogang@bamboo:~/Packages/bamboo_installer/lua-gd-2.0.33r2$ make

gcc `gdlib-config --features |sed -e "s/GD_/-DGD_/g"` `gdlib-config --cflags` `pkg-config lua5.1 --cflags` -fPIC -c luagd.c -o gd.o

gcc -shared -lgd -llua5.1 -o gd.so gd.o

lua test_features.lua

lua: error loading module 'gd' from file './gd.so':

./gd.so: undefined symbol: gdImageSquareToCircle

stack traceback:

[C]: ?

[C]: in function 'require'

test_features.lua:5: in main chunk

[C]: ?

make: *** [gd.so] 错误 1

daogang@bamboo:~/Packages/bamboo_installer/lua-gd-2.0.33r2$ make clean

rm -f gd.so *.o

daogang@bamboo:~/Packages/bamboo_installer/lua-gd-2.0.33r2$ make

gcc `gdlib-config --features |sed -e "s/GD_/-DGD_/g"` `gdlib-config --cflags` `pkg-config lua5.1 --cflags` -fPIC -c luagd.c -o gd.o

gcc -o gd.so gd.o -shared -lgd -llua5.1 

lua test_features.lua

Lua-GD version: lua-gd 2.0.33r2

Lua-GD features:

    PNG support ..................... Enabled

    GIF support ..................... Enabled

    JPEG support .................... Enabled

    XPM/XBM support ................. Enabled

    FreeType support ................ Enabled

    Fontconfig support .............. Enabled

daogang@bamboo:~/Packages/bamboo_installer/lua-gd-2.0.33r2$ 

结论是，附加选项参数要写到后面。

晕，附上修改后的Makefile文件。

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# luagd -- gd bindings for the Lua Programming Language.

# (c) 2004-06 Alexandre Erwin Ittner <ait...@netuno.com.br>

#

# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining

# a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the

# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including

# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,

# distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to

# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to

# the following conditions:

#

# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be

# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

#

# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,

# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF

# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.

# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE FOR ANY

# CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,

# TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE

# SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

#

# If you use this package in a product, an acknowledgment in the product

# documentation would be greatly appreciated (but it is not required).

#

CC=gcc

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Automatic configuration using pkgconfig, gd-config and sed. These

# lines should work on most Linux/Unix systems. If your system does not

# have these programs you must comment out these lines and uncomment and

# change the next ones.

# Name of .pc file. "lua5.1" on Debian/Ubuntu

LUAPKG=lua5.1

OUTFILE=gd.so

CFLAGS=`gdlib-config --cflags` `pkg-config $(LUAPKG) --cflags` -O2 -Wall -fPIC

GDFEATURES=`gdlib-config --features |sed -e "s/GD_/-DGD_/g"`

#LFLAGS=-shared `gdlib-config --ldflags` `gdlib-config --libs` \

#    `pkg-config $(LUAPKG) --libs` -lgd

LFLAGS=-shared -lgd -llua5.1

INSTALL_PATH=`pkg-config $(LUAPKG) --variable=INSTALL_CMOD`

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Manual configuration for systems without pkgconfig.

#OUTFILE=gd.so

#CFLAGS=-Wall `gdlib-config --cflags` -I/usr/include/lua5.1 -O3

#GDFEATURES=`gdlib-config --features |sed -e "s/GD_/-DGD_/g"`

#LFLAGS=-shared `gdlib-config --ldflags` `gdlib-config --libs` -llua51 -lgd

#INSTALL_PATH=/usr/lib/lua/

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Manual configuration for Windows and systems without sed, pkgconfig, etc.

# Uncomment, change and good luck :)

#OUTFILE=gd.dll

#CFLAGS=-Wall -IC:/lua5.1/ -O3

#GDFEATURES=-DGD_XPM -DGD_JPEG -DGD_FONTCONFIG -DGD_FREETYPE -DGD_PNG -DGD_GIF

#LFLAGS=-shared -lgd2 -lm -llua51

#INSTALL_PATH="C:/Program Files/lua/"

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

all: $(OUTFILE)

$(OUTFILE): luagd.c

# $(CC) -o $(OUTFILE) $(GDFEATURES) $(CFLAGS) $(LFLAGS) luagd.c

$(CC) $(GDFEATURES) $(CFLAGS) -c luagd.c -o gd.o

$(CC) -o $(OUTFILE) gd.o $(LFLAGS) 

lua test_features.lua

install: $(OUTFILE)

install -s $(OUTFILE) $(INSTALL_PATH)

clean:

rm -f $(OUTFILE) *.o

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--
Nothing is impossible.