Shyness
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jonathan
Mar 6, 2012, 2:38:24 PM3/6/12
to Baddeley AP Psych
Step 1: Read the following articles.
1) https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QdjlvYzZzZ1BUY2UzQnNNb3Ay...
2) https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QcXZhWXhwbWJUUXUyMWYwcjNN...
Step 2: Choose your own adventure.
-Option 1: Using your research resources, locate another article that
discusses shyness from a scholarly resource. The article must be at
least two pages long and contribute to your understanding of shyness.
Summarize the article in a short paragraph, then include a subsequent
paragraph that evaluates the two positions of the opposing articles.
-Option 2: Read both provided articles thoroughly, then formulate a
research study to test or evaluate the concepts of shyness with your
own hypothesis. You should include a short paragraph about how you
arrived at your hypothesis and another short paragraph that describes
how you would test your hypothesis. You should include references to
at least TWO social psych terms in your write up.
Step 3: ???
Step 4: Profit... if you submit your ASSIGNMENT BY WEDNESDAY
NIGHT
AT 11:59PM.
1) https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QdjlvYzZzZ1BUY2UzQnNNb3Ay...
2) https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QcXZhWXhwbWJUUXUyMWYwcjNN...
Step 2: Choose your own adventure.
-Option 1: Using your research resources, locate another article that
discusses shyness from a scholarly resource. The article must be at
least two pages long and contribute to your understanding of shyness.
Summarize the article in a short paragraph, then include a subsequent
paragraph that evaluates the two positions of the opposing articles.
-Option 2: Read both provided articles thoroughly, then formulate a
research study to test or evaluate the concepts of shyness with your
own hypothesis. You should include a short paragraph about how you
arrived at your hypothesis and another short paragraph that describes
how you would test your hypothesis. You should include references to
at least TWO social psych terms in your write up.
Step 3: ???
Step 4: Profit... if you submit your ASSIGNMENT BY WEDNESDAY
NIGHT
AT 11:59PM.
Raquel Rosenbloom
Mar 7, 2012, 9:20:29 PM3/7/12
to baddeley...@googlegroups.com
Shyness Articles
Option 1: Using your research resources, locate another article that
discusses shyness from a scholarly resource. The article must be at
least two pages long and contribute to your understanding of shyness.
Summarize the article in a short paragraph, then include a subsequent
paragraph that evaluates the two positions of the opposing articles.
The article Is Being Shy an Illness? by Anna Buckley discusses the
extent to which shyness deserves to be treated as a sickness. The
article makes a distinction between experiencing some shyness and
being chronically shy. The article contends that shyness becomes a
mental illness when it is a fear, and anxiety, called “social phobia.”
According to Harvard professor Ronald Kessler, “social phobia is
tragic and the tragedy is that it’s relatively easily treated but most
people don’t get treatment.” People who suffer from social phobia are
often “freaked out,” and are more likely to drop out of school. The
condition often results in drug and alcohol abuse. Research on
treatment for overcoming this chronic social fear and anxiety shows
that while medications such as anti-depressants do help, therapy is
often more successful in the long term.
The first article, Are You Shy?, discusses the origins of shyness. It
asserts shyness is both inherited and acquired. Studies done with
babies and children determined that about 15-20% of shy people
inherited the trait. However, approximately 40% of people report being
shy. Research also found that shyness depends on a child’s
relationship with his or her parents, as well as experiences during
teenage and adult years. Additionally, culture influences shyness. For
example, people in Japan and Taiwan tend to be more shy than people in
Israel. However, assuming all Israeli people are not shy, or are less
shy than all Japanese people, is an overgeneralization. Lastly, the
article speculates on the role of the Internet and technology in
increasing the amount of shy people. On one hand, modern technology
facilitates communications, making life easier for shy people who do
not do well in social situations. On the other hand, more and more
people are relying on technology and lack the social skills that are
built in spontaneous children’s games. The second article evaluates
shyness as a method. It attempts to understand why people are shy at
sometimes but not others, and how shy people tend to act. The research
found that “shyness could be understood as a manipulation of
procedures” in order to reveal information about oneself. Shy people
practice completely different habits than self-confident people in
formal speaking situations. Shy people spoke in certain sequences,
focusing more on the setting and avoiding engagement in topical talk.
Self-confident people did the opposite. The article also examines
shyness as a “social phobia,” ultimately finding that shy people lack
a certain trust whereas self-confident people are willing to share
more, and almost any, information.
Luisa Lange
Mar 7, 2012, 9:34:06 PM3/7/12
to Baddeley AP Psych
Option 1:
1. In an article titled “The Biological Bases of Childhood Shyness”,
the authors describe a study conducted in order to examine shyness in
children. Three longitudinal studies were conducted. The first two
experimental groups were selected at either 21 or 31 months of age to
include either consistently shy, quiet, and timid (inhibited)
children, or consistently sociable, talkative, and spontaneous
(uninhibited) children. These groups were observed on three different
occasions. It was discovered that the infants who were extremely shy
became quiet, and socially avoidant seven year-olds. Similarly,
infants who were extremely sociable became talkative and socially
interactive seven year-olds. The third longitudinal study consisted of
children who were not considered extremely inhibited or uninhibited.
From this study, it was discovered that preservation of the behavioral
traits only existed when the child was considered a behavioral extreme
(either inhibited or uninhibited) to begin with. Therefore, future
behavior could only be predicted when the infant was extremely
inhibited or extremely uninhibited.
2. The first article, “Are You Shy?” from Psychology Today, discusses
the consequences of shyness. This article argues that shyness can be
inherited as well as acquired throughout our lives. The article
explains that children in Israel are reinforced for taking risks;
therefore they are more willing to do so. In contrast, children in
Japan are punished for their failures. Because of this, children in
Japan are less likely to take risks, therefore they are considered
shy. The article argues that in America, where success is often
determined by assertiveness, dominance, and risk-taking, shy people
are at a disadvantage. The second article, “Shyness, Self-Confidence,
and Social Interaction”, argues that social interaction is simply a
series of interactions that can be manipulated and modified. The
article describes a study in which the procedures of conversation are
contrasted between shy people, and outgoing people. This study found
that shy people and outgoing people each reacted very differently in
conversations. Shy people spent more time discussing the setting, and
often rejected further cues for conversation, while outgoing people
picked up cues to speak, and continued the conversation past just the
setting. Ultimately, the study suggests that identifiable verbal
procedures exist, which produce both shy and self-confident behavior.
On Mar 6, 2:38 pm, jonathan <jsimon...@gmail.com> wrote:
> Step 1: Read the following articles.
> 1)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QdjlvYzZzZ1BUY2UzQnNNb3Ay...
jack dario
Mar 7, 2012, 9:35:53 PM3/7/12
to baddeley...@googlegroups.com
The two assigned articles, though both obviously concerning Shyness, are very different from one and other. In the article "are you shy" the author argues that people are shy for biological reasons. Shyness can be altered, stopped, or reversed once a shy person is able to recognize that they are in fact shy, and attempt to find solutions to this ordeal. In the article "Shyness, Self-Confidence, and Social interaction" researchers test students to determine levels of shyness. They determined that shyness can appear in different social situations, and shyness can be reversed in a person if they work at it.
jack dario
Mar 7, 2012, 9:39:35 PM3/7/12
to baddeley...@googlegroups.com
Option 1: The article I read was titled "helping young children overcome shyness" and was written by professor John Malouff from UNE. In this article Malouff says that shy people have an increased urge to watch others, but a decreased urge to actually involve themselves with interacting with others. He says that shyness is caused for a number of reasons, including genetics, a poor relationship with parents, and abuse from siblings or parents as a child. He always says that shy people are less likely to misbehave then people who are not shy.
the two assigned articles, though both obviously concerning Shyness, are very different from one and other. In the article "are you shy" the author argues that people are shy for biological reasons. Shyness can be altered, stopped, or reversed once a shy person is able to recognize that they are in fact shy, and attempt to find solutions to this ordeal. In the article "Shyness, Self-Confidence, and Social interaction" researchers test students to determine levels of shyness. They determined that shyness can appear in different social situations, and shyness can be reversed in a person if they work at it.
jack dario
Mar 7, 2012, 9:40:23 PM3/7/12
to baddeley...@googlegroups.com
Sorry guys, didn't mean to post that twice
Carly Conway
Mar 7, 2012, 10:11:24 PM3/7/12
to Baddeley AP Psych
Option 1:
The article: Shyness An article for the Encyclopedia of Psychology by
Henderson, Zimbardo, and Carducci defines shyness as excessive self-
focus characterized by negative self-evaluation that creates
discomfort and/or inhibition in social situations and interferes with
pursuing one’s interpersonal and professional goals. The Neurological
foundation of shyness is found in the amygdala and the hippocampus.
Shyness can be experienced at many levels, and has many categories:
cognitive, affective, physiological, and behavioral. The article
states that the most typical situations that trigger shyness are
interactions with strangers, the opposite gender, and when in
unstructured social settings. Shyness can cause one to rely on alcohol
to relax, which can lead to substance abuse and an impaired social
performance. When lacking natural social abilities one may take on a
pessimistic outlook for social settings and thus develop a self-
handicapping strategy, and thus resulting in social isolation and
severe loneliness.
2. In the first article Are You Shy? Published on Psychology Today
focused on shyness as a trait that one may be born with, or develop
over time. The second article Shyness, Self-Confidence, and Social
Interaction* by Philip Manning and George describes the difference
between shy and self-confident people, and how they interact with each
other. Although this article does provide evidence that 15-20% of
children are born shy, the rest of the 20-30% shy Americans develop
shyness at some point in their lifetime. Article one focuses on the
environmental influences that cause shyness, and describes how a
person may become shy at vulnerable times in their life when their
emotions are not as stable. Parenting and cultural influences are a
huge factor in how shy someone becomes. The percentage of shy people
are higher in cultures where the child is not giving credit when
succeeding but only when failing because the child is less likely to
try new things and risk humiliation. The percentage of shy people is
relatively low in cultures where children are raised to try their best
at everything, get rewarded regardless of success or fail, and failure
is not blamed on them. There are different types of shyness: one can
be publicly shy, or privately shy. Zimbardo calls a subset of
privately shy the shy extrovert: “the cool, calm, and collected type
whose insides are in fact churning.” Regardless the type of shy, all
derive from acute self-consciousness. In Article two a study was done
that concluded when put in a room to make small talk shy participants
would rarely talk, and when they did it is often setting talk with
little attempt at actual conversation. The self-confident participants
engaged in a natural flow of conversation often on a topic of neutral
interest. Article two concludes “‘shy’ people probably are shy only at
certain times and under certain circumstances.”
The article: Shyness An article for the Encyclopedia of Psychology by
Henderson, Zimbardo, and Carducci defines shyness as excessive self-
focus characterized by negative self-evaluation that creates
discomfort and/or inhibition in social situations and interferes with
pursuing one’s interpersonal and professional goals. The Neurological
foundation of shyness is found in the amygdala and the hippocampus.
Shyness can be experienced at many levels, and has many categories:
cognitive, affective, physiological, and behavioral. The article
states that the most typical situations that trigger shyness are
interactions with strangers, the opposite gender, and when in
unstructured social settings. Shyness can cause one to rely on alcohol
to relax, which can lead to substance abuse and an impaired social
performance. When lacking natural social abilities one may take on a
pessimistic outlook for social settings and thus develop a self-
handicapping strategy, and thus resulting in social isolation and
severe loneliness.
2. In the first article Are You Shy? Published on Psychology Today
focused on shyness as a trait that one may be born with, or develop
over time. The second article Shyness, Self-Confidence, and Social
Interaction* by Philip Manning and George describes the difference
between shy and self-confident people, and how they interact with each
other. Although this article does provide evidence that 15-20% of
children are born shy, the rest of the 20-30% shy Americans develop
shyness at some point in their lifetime. Article one focuses on the
environmental influences that cause shyness, and describes how a
person may become shy at vulnerable times in their life when their
emotions are not as stable. Parenting and cultural influences are a
huge factor in how shy someone becomes. The percentage of shy people
are higher in cultures where the child is not giving credit when
succeeding but only when failing because the child is less likely to
try new things and risk humiliation. The percentage of shy people is
relatively low in cultures where children are raised to try their best
at everything, get rewarded regardless of success or fail, and failure
is not blamed on them. There are different types of shyness: one can
be publicly shy, or privately shy. Zimbardo calls a subset of
privately shy the shy extrovert: “the cool, calm, and collected type
whose insides are in fact churning.” Regardless the type of shy, all
derive from acute self-consciousness. In Article two a study was done
that concluded when put in a room to make small talk shy participants
would rarely talk, and when they did it is often setting talk with
little attempt at actual conversation. The self-confident participants
engaged in a natural flow of conversation often on a topic of neutral
interest. Article two concludes “‘shy’ people probably are shy only at
certain times and under certain circumstances.”
> Step 1: Read the following articles.
> 1)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QdjlvYzZzZ1BUY2UzQnNNb3Ay...
> 2)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QcXZhWXhwbWJUUXUyMWYwcjNN...
> 1)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QdjlvYzZzZ1BUY2UzQnNNb3Ay...
Yara Farahmand
Mar 7, 2012, 10:15:34 PM3/7/12
to baddeley...@googlegroups.com
1. The article “Parenting the Shy Child” talks about shyness in children and if it can be changed or helped. The article talks about how shyness is when a person has a sense that others are thinking negatively of them, and that if this is not treated in children at a young age, they can develop social phobia’s leading to the avoidance of social activities. The article offers great insight on dealing with childrens shyness, its main point being that to help your child become less shy, the first think you have to do is be empathetic, and make sure they dont think you are scolding them for their actions, because that will only make things worse. The article speaks to how child shyness can stem from being overwhelmed by ones surroundings, and that a good way to help your childs shyness is to explain things to them. For example if the child is going to a birthday party the next day, have them pick out a special present for the host, and chose a specific outfit, and review who will be there and what possible games will be played. These reviews are obviously for children who are younger and extremely shy, but knowing what to expect when they go out can really help. The article also repeats multiple times that when ones does things to try to help them become more social, like send them to preschool or have group play dates, one must never force them into it. A persons shyness can only be “cured” if they are willing to put themselves in situations where they can learn to interact freely.
2. The two articles on shyness, “Are You Shy?” and “Shyness, Self-confidence, and Social Interaction” have opposing views on where shyness comes from, how it effects people, and how it can be dealt with or treated. The first article argues that Shyness has been around forever, and is a biological trait that people can either inherit, or gain over time. The article talks about how a person’s relationship with their parents, their ethnicity, their childhood, and their early adulthood can effect how shy they are in the future. The article also talks about technology and how people can both overcome their shyness by interacting through the internet, or become more shy and feel as though the only way they can communicate is through a computer or cell phone. The second article, “Shyness, Self-confidence, and Social Interaction” , talks about shyness as a social tactic. It says that people change their shyness depending on their situation, and that when a person is shy tells a lot about their personality. More specifically, the article said that people who were more outgoing in conversations seemed to pick up social cues to talk and make conversation, but shy people tended to reject these cues and only focus on specific topics of conversation.
2. The two articles on shyness, “Are You Shy?” and “Shyness, Self-confidence, and Social Interaction” have opposing views on where shyness comes from, how it effects people, and how it can be dealt with or treated. The first article argues that Shyness has been around forever, and is a biological trait that people can either inherit, or gain over time. The article talks about how a person’s relationship with their parents, their ethnicity, their childhood, and their early adulthood can effect how shy they are in the future. The article also talks about technology and how people can both overcome their shyness by interacting through the internet, or become more shy and feel as though the only way they can communicate is through a computer or cell phone. The second article, “Shyness, Self-confidence, and Social Interaction” , talks about shyness as a social tactic. It says that people change their shyness depending on their situation, and that when a person is shy tells a lot about their personality. More specifically, the article said that people who were more outgoing in conversations seemed to pick up social cues to talk and make conversation, but shy people tended to reject these cues and only focus on specific topics of conversation.
reed westerman
Mar 7, 2012, 10:16:48 PM3/7/12
to Baddeley AP Psych
Option 2
Question—What is the correlation between genetics and level of shyness
and can somebody learn to not be shy?
This question is relevant for two reasons. First, the level of shyness
of an individual may be decided by conditions within the womb that are
not affected by genetics. Babies conceived in August and September are
more likely to be shy. Second, there seems to be evidence that babies
can be born with traits that will make them shy as they develop. But,
also in both studies, the authors talk about how with more learning
experiences that kids will be able to shed some of the shyness.
I would seek to answer this question by conducting a study of twins
separated at birth or grew up in different life styles. I would make
sure to note how their lifestyles were different as they grew and how
their parents treated them. This would help separate what is
biological and what is environmental in shyness. I would look to
further the study by comparing the shyness levels of kids who have
very lenient parents who positively reinforce outgoing and bold moves.
It would also help be interesting to see how positive punishment by
parents affects a child's shyness level.
Question—What is the correlation between genetics and level of shyness
and can somebody learn to not be shy?
This question is relevant for two reasons. First, the level of shyness
of an individual may be decided by conditions within the womb that are
not affected by genetics. Babies conceived in August and September are
more likely to be shy. Second, there seems to be evidence that babies
can be born with traits that will make them shy as they develop. But,
also in both studies, the authors talk about how with more learning
experiences that kids will be able to shed some of the shyness.
I would seek to answer this question by conducting a study of twins
separated at birth or grew up in different life styles. I would make
sure to note how their lifestyles were different as they grew and how
their parents treated them. This would help separate what is
biological and what is environmental in shyness. I would look to
further the study by comparing the shyness levels of kids who have
very lenient parents who positively reinforce outgoing and bold moves.
It would also help be interesting to see how positive punishment by
parents affects a child's shyness level.
> Step 1: Read the following articles.
> 1)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QdjlvYzZzZ1BUY2UzQnNNb3Ay...
> 2)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QcXZhWXhwbWJUUXUyMWYwcjNN...
> 1)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QdjlvYzZzZ1BUY2UzQnNNb3Ay...
Ava Varasteh
Mar 7, 2012, 10:26:43 PM3/7/12
to Baddeley AP Psych
Option 1:
1. In the article “Some Family Antecedents of Severe Shyness” by
Brian G. Gilmartin, Gilmartin discusses the impact a person’s family
has on their shyness level. The article talks about “love-shyness”,
severe shyness towards the opposite sex. It was found that when
comparing severely shy men and severely shy women, the men’s socials
lives were far more affected because of their timidity than the
women’s. The article states that shy women, although timid, can still
be open to being courted and therefore are more likely to be in a
relationship than shy men. In western culture, since it is usually
seen as the man’s job to court, shy men were less likely to be in a
relationship because they did not have the courage to initiate a
romance with a woman. Furthermore, the article addresses that love-
shyness in males could have to do with not growing up with a sister.
Males who grow up without female siblings are more likely to be love-
shy because they are not used to interacting with the opposite sex.
When growing up with girls, boys can experience how to interact with
the opposite sex. Gilmartin observes, “having a sister allows a boy to
perceive girls as real people who can be approached, joked around
with, argued with, and whose companionship can be enjoyed”. Moreover,
the article goes on to say that those who do not grow up with three or
more adults, whom they feel comfortable to confide in emotionally, are
more likely to by shy. Emotional support networks help children deal
with stress and ultimately make them more confident.
2. The article, “Are You Shy?” addresses shyness as a trait that
cannot be helped and can be both inherited from family and adopted as
the result of a particular experience. The article addresses that
children are more likely to be shy if their parents were shy as
children. It goes on to state that not all children are predetermined
to be shy, but become that way due to the way they were raised.
Specifically, children who were overprotected are more likely to grow
up timid and apprehensive because they did not learn how to adapt to
the world on their own. The second article, “Shyness, Self-
Confidence, and Social Interaction”, discusses shyness as a social
strategy that one can choose to utilize. Researcher, Jonathan Cheek,
sees shyness as “a temporary emotional reaction triggered by
encountering new people and situations”. Instead of labeling someone
as simply shy or as sociable, the article persists that these two
traits are “not absolute states”. Some people act shy only some of the
time, and perhaps outgoing the rest, choosing to employ their method
of shyness depending on the environment.
1. In the article “Some Family Antecedents of Severe Shyness” by
Brian G. Gilmartin, Gilmartin discusses the impact a person’s family
has on their shyness level. The article talks about “love-shyness”,
severe shyness towards the opposite sex. It was found that when
comparing severely shy men and severely shy women, the men’s socials
lives were far more affected because of their timidity than the
women’s. The article states that shy women, although timid, can still
be open to being courted and therefore are more likely to be in a
relationship than shy men. In western culture, since it is usually
seen as the man’s job to court, shy men were less likely to be in a
relationship because they did not have the courage to initiate a
romance with a woman. Furthermore, the article addresses that love-
shyness in males could have to do with not growing up with a sister.
Males who grow up without female siblings are more likely to be love-
shy because they are not used to interacting with the opposite sex.
When growing up with girls, boys can experience how to interact with
the opposite sex. Gilmartin observes, “having a sister allows a boy to
perceive girls as real people who can be approached, joked around
with, argued with, and whose companionship can be enjoyed”. Moreover,
the article goes on to say that those who do not grow up with three or
more adults, whom they feel comfortable to confide in emotionally, are
more likely to by shy. Emotional support networks help children deal
with stress and ultimately make them more confident.
2. The article, “Are You Shy?” addresses shyness as a trait that
cannot be helped and can be both inherited from family and adopted as
the result of a particular experience. The article addresses that
children are more likely to be shy if their parents were shy as
children. It goes on to state that not all children are predetermined
to be shy, but become that way due to the way they were raised.
Specifically, children who were overprotected are more likely to grow
up timid and apprehensive because they did not learn how to adapt to
the world on their own. The second article, “Shyness, Self-
Confidence, and Social Interaction”, discusses shyness as a social
strategy that one can choose to utilize. Researcher, Jonathan Cheek,
sees shyness as “a temporary emotional reaction triggered by
encountering new people and situations”. Instead of labeling someone
as simply shy or as sociable, the article persists that these two
traits are “not absolute states”. Some people act shy only some of the
time, and perhaps outgoing the rest, choosing to employ their method
of shyness depending on the environment.
> Step 1: Read the following articles.
> 1)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QdjlvYzZzZ1BUY2UzQnNNb3Ay...
> 2)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QcXZhWXhwbWJUUXUyMWYwcjNN...
> 1)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QdjlvYzZzZ1BUY2UzQnNNb3Ay...
alex moody
Mar 7, 2012, 10:40:18 PM3/7/12
to Baddeley AP Psych
The article “Shyness: Evolutionary Tactic?” by Susan Cain discusses
the implications of shyness and introversion in today’s society. She
asserts that tools such as the DSM are biased against shy and
introverted people, and the drug industry, specifically companies that
make SSRIs, are marketing products by condemning shy behavior as
unacceptable. She outlines the difference between “sitters” and
“rovers” in people and other animals, and says that there are survival
advantages and disadvantages for both groups, but both are necessary
for a species’ survival. She details the tendency of “sitters” to
excel more in academic environments than “rovers” of similar IQs, but
contrasts this by highlighting the many places in society where people
skills are valued over academic merit.
The article “Are You Shy?” explored the potential causes of shyness
and the stages of life during which it could begin, where as the
second article “Shyness: Evolutionary Tactic?” views both shyness and
introversion as static traits that are consistent throughout a persons
life. These different approaches correspond with the authors’ overall
attitude towards the condition of shyness. The first article paints
the trait as being a hindrance, holding people back in social,
academic and business endeavors, while the second one sees shyness as
a necessary trait for a portion of the population, and celebrates the
potential of those individuals. This is where the articles differ
most. While the first article points to the fact that people who
identify themselves as shy often don’t succeed to the degree that very
sociable people do, the second article heralds shyness as the reason
why many people exceed in academics and the arts. One looks at success
as a result of asserting oneself to reach goals, while the other sees
it as the result of introspection and focus. These two definitions
place shyness at opposite ends of the helpfulness spectrum, as well as
the mental health spectrum. The first article looks at shyness and the
associated disorders such as performance anxiety as roadblocks and
causes of discomfort and embarrassment. The second one on the other
hand sees this anxiety as serving a large society purpose not only for
humans but also for many other species evolutionarily. The
condemnation of shyness, the second article asserts, comes entirely
from changing societal views and should be changed to allow shy and
introverted people the chance to reach their potential.
the implications of shyness and introversion in today’s society. She
asserts that tools such as the DSM are biased against shy and
introverted people, and the drug industry, specifically companies that
make SSRIs, are marketing products by condemning shy behavior as
unacceptable. She outlines the difference between “sitters” and
“rovers” in people and other animals, and says that there are survival
advantages and disadvantages for both groups, but both are necessary
for a species’ survival. She details the tendency of “sitters” to
excel more in academic environments than “rovers” of similar IQs, but
contrasts this by highlighting the many places in society where people
skills are valued over academic merit.
The article “Are You Shy?” explored the potential causes of shyness
and the stages of life during which it could begin, where as the
second article “Shyness: Evolutionary Tactic?” views both shyness and
introversion as static traits that are consistent throughout a persons
life. These different approaches correspond with the authors’ overall
attitude towards the condition of shyness. The first article paints
the trait as being a hindrance, holding people back in social,
academic and business endeavors, while the second one sees shyness as
a necessary trait for a portion of the population, and celebrates the
potential of those individuals. This is where the articles differ
most. While the first article points to the fact that people who
identify themselves as shy often don’t succeed to the degree that very
sociable people do, the second article heralds shyness as the reason
why many people exceed in academics and the arts. One looks at success
as a result of asserting oneself to reach goals, while the other sees
it as the result of introspection and focus. These two definitions
place shyness at opposite ends of the helpfulness spectrum, as well as
the mental health spectrum. The first article looks at shyness and the
associated disorders such as performance anxiety as roadblocks and
causes of discomfort and embarrassment. The second one on the other
hand sees this anxiety as serving a large society purpose not only for
humans but also for many other species evolutionarily. The
condemnation of shyness, the second article asserts, comes entirely
from changing societal views and should be changed to allow shy and
introverted people the chance to reach their potential.
> Step 1: Read the following articles.
> 1)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QdjlvYzZzZ1BUY2UzQnNNb3Ay...
> 2)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QcXZhWXhwbWJUUXUyMWYwcjNN...
> 1)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QdjlvYzZzZ1BUY2UzQnNNb3Ay...
Alexander Golob
Mar 7, 2012, 10:54:38 PM3/7/12
to Baddeley AP Psych
Option #1
In The Red, Shaking Fool: Dramaturgical Dilemmas in Shyness,
Scott concludes that shyness is a self-perpetuating persona caused by
a feeling of having inadequate background information in social
settings. Scott interviews forty mostly young, white, and middle-
class, people who have identified themselves as shy. Scott uses these
interviews to find commonalities in the interviewee’s perspective on
acting shy. According to the dramaturgical perspective (viewing social
interactions as a performer and audience), she finds that by initially
reacting to a social interaction in an shy manner, subjects begin to
worry about their shyness and perpetuate shy attributes.
Both Carducci and Zimbardo’s Psychology Today article and Manning
and Ray’s paper in Social Psychology Quarterly examine shyness.
However, the former takes a much more negative and biological and
behavioral based view of shyness, while the latter is very neutral to
shyness and views it through the cognitive perspective. The Carducci
and Zimbardo’s article opens with citing a Zimbardo study titled
“Shyness the Social Disease”. This type of wording is a preamble to a
view that considers shyness to have “painful consequences”. The
article also takes the biological stand that “up to a third of shy
adults were born with a temperament that inclined them to it”.
However, the article also states that more than currently 48% of
Americans consider themselves “shy”. Zimbardo and Carducci account for
the discrepancy between “up to a third” and 48% with including a
person’s rearing and major changes in their life as reasons for their
shyness. In contrast, Manning and Ray’s paper views shyness as a
choice of “doing” rather than “being”. The paper indicates that
although shy people do not often initiate topical conversation, they
pursue a favored topic with “exaggerated commitment”. Furthermore, in
Manning and Ray’s paper, shyness is decided by how much personal
information one is willing to give away.
1. Scott, S. (2005). The Red, Shaking Fool: Dramaturgical Dilemmas in
Shyness. Symbolic Interaction, 28(1), 91-110.
2. Carducci, B., & Zimbardo, G.P. (1995, November 1). Are You Shy? |
Psychology Today. Psychology Today: Health, Help, Happiness + Find a
Therapist. Retrieved March 7, 2012, from http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/200910/are-you-shy
3. Manning, P., & Ray, G. (1993). Shyness, Self-Confidence, and Social
Interaction. Social Psychology Quarterly, 56(3), 178-192. Retrieved
March 7, 2012, from the JSTOR database.
In The Red, Shaking Fool: Dramaturgical Dilemmas in Shyness,
Scott concludes that shyness is a self-perpetuating persona caused by
a feeling of having inadequate background information in social
settings. Scott interviews forty mostly young, white, and middle-
class, people who have identified themselves as shy. Scott uses these
interviews to find commonalities in the interviewee’s perspective on
acting shy. According to the dramaturgical perspective (viewing social
interactions as a performer and audience), she finds that by initially
reacting to a social interaction in an shy manner, subjects begin to
worry about their shyness and perpetuate shy attributes.
Both Carducci and Zimbardo’s Psychology Today article and Manning
and Ray’s paper in Social Psychology Quarterly examine shyness.
However, the former takes a much more negative and biological and
behavioral based view of shyness, while the latter is very neutral to
shyness and views it through the cognitive perspective. The Carducci
and Zimbardo’s article opens with citing a Zimbardo study titled
“Shyness the Social Disease”. This type of wording is a preamble to a
view that considers shyness to have “painful consequences”. The
article also takes the biological stand that “up to a third of shy
adults were born with a temperament that inclined them to it”.
However, the article also states that more than currently 48% of
Americans consider themselves “shy”. Zimbardo and Carducci account for
the discrepancy between “up to a third” and 48% with including a
person’s rearing and major changes in their life as reasons for their
shyness. In contrast, Manning and Ray’s paper views shyness as a
choice of “doing” rather than “being”. The paper indicates that
although shy people do not often initiate topical conversation, they
pursue a favored topic with “exaggerated commitment”. Furthermore, in
Manning and Ray’s paper, shyness is decided by how much personal
information one is willing to give away.
1. Scott, S. (2005). The Red, Shaking Fool: Dramaturgical Dilemmas in
Shyness. Symbolic Interaction, 28(1), 91-110.
2. Carducci, B., & Zimbardo, G.P. (1995, November 1). Are You Shy? |
Psychology Today. Psychology Today: Health, Help, Happiness + Find a
Therapist. Retrieved March 7, 2012, from http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/200910/are-you-shy
3. Manning, P., & Ray, G. (1993). Shyness, Self-Confidence, and Social
Interaction. Social Psychology Quarterly, 56(3), 178-192. Retrieved
March 7, 2012, from the JSTOR database.
> Step 1: Read the following articles.
> 1)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QdjlvYzZzZ1BUY2UzQnNNb3Ay...
> 2)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QcXZhWXhwbWJUUXUyMWYwcjNN...
> 1)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QdjlvYzZzZ1BUY2UzQnNNb3Ay...
Cody O'Brien
Mar 7, 2012, 10:55:42 PM3/7/12
to baddeley...@googlegroups.com
Option 1:
The article published in Psychology Today, “Are You Shy” provided some clarification on the technical definition of shyness. Dispelling common misconceptions on the topic, it revealed that shyness can manifest itself in both socially uneasy behavior and seemingly socially comfortable behavior. The common ground among the two types of behaviors stems from a sense of low self esteem and self confidence. 15-20% of shy people behave according to the typical shy stereotype (uneasiness in social situations), while the remaining percentage can mask their shyness, but still does not solve the root problem of overcoming their low self confidence. The second article, “Shyness, Self-Confidence, and Social Interaction”, explains more about the conversational behavioral patterns of shy people. It also makes a distinction that shyness is itself not exactly a quality, but a method of behaviors that stem from low self confidence, leading to the notion of “doing” shyness. The two articles seems to distinguish between the levels of emphasis placed on the individual in determining their own shy or not shy behavior.
The article I chose to read was, “Shyness and Children's Emotionality, Regulation, and Coping: Contemporaneous, Longitudinal, and Across-Context Relations,” which dealt with the behavior of shy children with regards to emotional coping and help-seeking. As expected, the shy children were less likely to seek help in their younger years, while their non-shy counterparts actively sought help when confused (agreeing with the “Are You Shy” study in Psychology Today). One interesting piece of information was the way that shy people dealt with negative emotion; shy ones would often push these emotions inward and deal with them alone and personally, which explains a high occurrence of depressive thoughts in shy people.
claireclendenen
Mar 7, 2012, 11:01:33 PM3/7/12
to Baddeley AP Psych
Option One
In the New York Times article “Shyness: Evolutionary Tactic?” the
author, Susan Cain addresses the idea that shyness may be essential to
survival. Shyness and social anxiety disorder are commonly confused,
thus making shy people believe they are ill. In many places,
especially the United States, extroversion is highly praised. This
article describes a study performed by David Sloan Wilson where he
dropped metal traps into a pond of fish. The extroverted or “rover”
fish would investigate the traps and therefore be captured. But, the
introverted or “sitter” fish would stay back, avoiding capture. Then
Professor Wilson brought back rover and sitter fish to his lab, where
the rover fish quickly acclimated to their new environment, while the
sitter fish did not. In either situation, one type of fish would have
survived while the other perished. Professor Wilson concluded, “There
is no single best . . . [animal] personality”. Cain suggests that if
people continue to confuse shyness with sickness, we may find
ourselves in a world of all extroverts and no introverts.
In the article “Are You Shy?” the author suggests that a persons
shyness is determined by their culture and their genetics. This
article describes how environmental influences can contribute to a
person’s shyness, for example people in Japan are more likely to be
shy because children are more often blamed for their failures and
under praised for their success. This article also suggests that the
increasing amount of technology in the way people communicate is
directly contributing to the increase of shyness. The other article
“Shyness, Self-Confidence, and Social Interaction” focuses on the idea
that people are shy only in certain situations. When a shy person was
put in a situation where they talked about something they were
comfortable with, then they showed more signs of a self-confident
participant. The researcher of the study suggests that people are not
clearly defined as shy or outgoing, but that shyness is a method
people use to avoid embarrassment.
In the New York Times article “Shyness: Evolutionary Tactic?” the
author, Susan Cain addresses the idea that shyness may be essential to
survival. Shyness and social anxiety disorder are commonly confused,
thus making shy people believe they are ill. In many places,
especially the United States, extroversion is highly praised. This
article describes a study performed by David Sloan Wilson where he
dropped metal traps into a pond of fish. The extroverted or “rover”
fish would investigate the traps and therefore be captured. But, the
introverted or “sitter” fish would stay back, avoiding capture. Then
Professor Wilson brought back rover and sitter fish to his lab, where
the rover fish quickly acclimated to their new environment, while the
sitter fish did not. In either situation, one type of fish would have
survived while the other perished. Professor Wilson concluded, “There
is no single best . . . [animal] personality”. Cain suggests that if
people continue to confuse shyness with sickness, we may find
ourselves in a world of all extroverts and no introverts.
In the article “Are You Shy?” the author suggests that a persons
shyness is determined by their culture and their genetics. This
article describes how environmental influences can contribute to a
person’s shyness, for example people in Japan are more likely to be
shy because children are more often blamed for their failures and
under praised for their success. This article also suggests that the
increasing amount of technology in the way people communicate is
directly contributing to the increase of shyness. The other article
“Shyness, Self-Confidence, and Social Interaction” focuses on the idea
that people are shy only in certain situations. When a shy person was
put in a situation where they talked about something they were
comfortable with, then they showed more signs of a self-confident
participant. The researcher of the study suggests that people are not
clearly defined as shy or outgoing, but that shyness is a method
people use to avoid embarrassment.
Holly Wiberg
Mar 7, 2012, 11:06:37 PM3/7/12
to baddeley...@googlegroups.com
“Are You Shy?” named several factors affecting shyness: biological tendencies, parenting, and culture. Researchers found that certain infants had higher responses to stimuli, suggesting that their sympathetic nervous system arousal was very sensitive, thus making them more likely to react to unfamiliar situations with anxiety. Researchers have also linked shyness to month of conception, finding that children conceived in August or September are more likely to be shy because women are producing more melatonin (which is associated with neural activity) in the early fall. In addition to these biological factors, children raised with an “insecure attachment” to their parents are more likely to be shy, because when the affection of their parents is inconsistent, the children begin to fear that all relationships will be similarly difficult. Finally, the article commented on the differing standards for shyness across cultures; what is considered shy in one culture may be considered outgoing in another, and vice versa. In “Shyness, Self-Confidence, and Social Interaction,” researchers compared interactions between shy strangers and self-confident strangers. The conversations between shy strangers tended to focus on the immediate physical surroundings and have many awkward breaks where the participants were unsure of who should speak. The participants introduced many topics but failed to pursue conversations about them until they found a “favored topic,” a topic that one participant felt comfortable talking about; this resulted in an overly-enthusiastic pursuit of that topic. The self-confident people tended to be more forward in their introductions and move through topics with more natural interest and completion. The researchers suggested that this difference could be caused by shy people’s desire to avoid “face-threatening acts” (essentially, their fear of embarrassment). The researchers in "Shyness, Self-Confidence, and Social Interaction" focused more on the manifestations of shyness than the underlying causes of it, which the authors of "Are You Shy?" explained.
The article “Are We Born Shy?” further examined the biological bases of shyness. The author clarified that shyness cannot be entirely innate because it is centered around a person’s sense of self, which does not develop until about 18 months of age. People cannot feel self-conscious and judge themselves negatively if they are unaware of themselves. However, some infants are born with an “inhibited temperament,” meaning that they tend to have more intense reactions to stimuli. In young children, this is often demonstrated through children hiding behind their parents or playing alone, which can be interpreted as shyness. However, this initial disposition does not necessarily indicate that the individual will be shy when he is older, emphasizing that people can take actions to diminish their shyness.
Message has been deleted
Jacquelin Randhawa
Mar 7, 2012, 11:20:05 PM3/7/12
to Baddeley AP Psych
Option 1:
According to an article I ride titled “Shyness” in Science Update, a
study conducted by Dr. Charles Schwartz of Harvard Medical School
states that people with more active amygdalas might be more sensitive
to new information, which in turn could make them more shy. Schwartz
conducted a longitudinal study with subjects entering at the age of
two. Participants were tested for a number of personality differences
and then separated into two groups: novelty-seekers and inhibiteds.
Novelty-seekers were described to enjoy “handling new objects,
exploring new places, and interacting with their environment.” Whereas
the inhibiteds, were considered to be shy and often preferred the
comfort of the familiar. At age 13, it was found that the inhibiteds
were three times as likely as the novelty-seekers to have social
anxiety disorders. Also, at age 21, the inhibiteds had more activity
in their amygdalas in response to new stimuli. The study gives more
insight into the neurobiology of shyness.
In the first article “Are You Shy,” psychologist Jerome Kagan, Ph.D.,
conducted a similar study. In his longitudinal studies, 400 four-month-
old infants were brought into the lab and subjected to stimuli such as
a tape recording of the human voice. They tended to grow distressed
when faced with unfamiliar people and objects. Four years later, lab
reports showed a cooler temperature reading in their right ring finger
than in their left ring finger while watching emotionally evocative
film clips. There also was activity in the right side of their brain,
which is more involved in the expression of anxiety and distress. Just
like Schwartz’s study, the infant patterns were due to an inborn
variation in the amygdala.
> > 2)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QcXZhWXhwbWJUUXUyMWYwcjNN...
According to an article I ride titled “Shyness” in Science Update, a
study conducted by Dr. Charles Schwartz of Harvard Medical School
states that people with more active amygdalas might be more sensitive
to new information, which in turn could make them more shy. Schwartz
conducted a longitudinal study with subjects entering at the age of
two. Participants were tested for a number of personality differences
and then separated into two groups: novelty-seekers and inhibiteds.
Novelty-seekers were described to enjoy “handling new objects,
exploring new places, and interacting with their environment.” Whereas
the inhibiteds, were considered to be shy and often preferred the
comfort of the familiar. At age 13, it was found that the inhibiteds
were three times as likely as the novelty-seekers to have social
anxiety disorders. Also, at age 21, the inhibiteds had more activity
in their amygdalas in response to new stimuli. The study gives more
insight into the neurobiology of shyness.
In the first article “Are You Shy,” psychologist Jerome Kagan, Ph.D.,
conducted a similar study. In his longitudinal studies, 400 four-month-
old infants were brought into the lab and subjected to stimuli such as
a tape recording of the human voice. They tended to grow distressed
when faced with unfamiliar people and objects. Four years later, lab
reports showed a cooler temperature reading in their right ring finger
than in their left ring finger while watching emotionally evocative
film clips. There also was activity in the right side of their brain,
which is more involved in the expression of anxiety and distress. Just
like Schwartz’s study, the infant patterns were due to an inborn
variation in the amygdala.
Maulik Limbachiya
Mar 7, 2012, 11:58:24 PM3/7/12
to Baddeley AP Psych
Option 1:
1. In an article called “Social Withdrawal and Shyness”, the
researchers Kenneth Rubin and Kim Burgess wrote about the etiology and
definition of social shyness. By combining the information found in
other sources, they were able to create a clear description of what
shyness is and how it works. In one section, they describe the
biological basis of shyness, claiming that it may derive from the
“biological disposition to be emotionally primed to novelty with
wariness and fear”. Studies sourced in the article propose that even
infants can be shy as some infants displayed more fearfulness and
behavioral inhibition than others. However, the researchers do express
concern that research conducted is dependent on the culture of a
specific area as shyness is classified differently in different parts
of the world.
2. The Psychology Today article “Are You Shy?” focuses on the
consequences of shyness. It argues that not only can it be transferred
genetically, but it also can also be acquired by a person’s
experiences. The article also focuses on stating that shyness is
relative and that different cultures define shyness differently. In
America, children are supposed be more outgoing and take more risks,
but in other countries like Japan, children take less risky choices
and are less outgoing. Therefore shy people would be at more of a
disadvantage in America than Japan, not to mention more noticeable
(which could lead to a higher chance of humiliation). Regardless, all
types and levels of shyness come from self-conscious thought. In the
second article, the researchers conducted an experiment to see how
people would attempt to develop small-talk. Participants labeled shy
would rarely start up a conversation, and even if they did talk the
conversation usually dissolved within a few seconds. The confident
labeled people would engage in longer conversations (which did not
dissolve quickly) focused on a topic of mutual interest. In
conclusion, the study suggested that people may only be shy in some
situations and not others.
1. In an article called “Social Withdrawal and Shyness”, the
researchers Kenneth Rubin and Kim Burgess wrote about the etiology and
definition of social shyness. By combining the information found in
other sources, they were able to create a clear description of what
shyness is and how it works. In one section, they describe the
biological basis of shyness, claiming that it may derive from the
“biological disposition to be emotionally primed to novelty with
wariness and fear”. Studies sourced in the article propose that even
infants can be shy as some infants displayed more fearfulness and
behavioral inhibition than others. However, the researchers do express
concern that research conducted is dependent on the culture of a
specific area as shyness is classified differently in different parts
of the world.
2. The Psychology Today article “Are You Shy?” focuses on the
consequences of shyness. It argues that not only can it be transferred
genetically, but it also can also be acquired by a person’s
experiences. The article also focuses on stating that shyness is
relative and that different cultures define shyness differently. In
America, children are supposed be more outgoing and take more risks,
but in other countries like Japan, children take less risky choices
and are less outgoing. Therefore shy people would be at more of a
disadvantage in America than Japan, not to mention more noticeable
(which could lead to a higher chance of humiliation). Regardless, all
types and levels of shyness come from self-conscious thought. In the
second article, the researchers conducted an experiment to see how
people would attempt to develop small-talk. Participants labeled shy
would rarely start up a conversation, and even if they did talk the
conversation usually dissolved within a few seconds. The confident
labeled people would engage in longer conversations (which did not
dissolve quickly) focused on a topic of mutual interest. In
conclusion, the study suggested that people may only be shy in some
situations and not others.
> Step 1: Read the following articles.
> 1)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QdjlvYzZzZ1BUY2UzQnNNb3Ay...
> 2)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QcXZhWXhwbWJUUXUyMWYwcjNN...
> 1)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QdjlvYzZzZ1BUY2UzQnNNb3Ay...
Ryan Cassidy
Mar 8, 2012, 12:05:50 AM3/8/12
to Baddeley AP Psych
Option 1:
1. The article “Some Family Antecedents of Severe Shyness” by Brain G.
Gilmarten investigates love shyness – a degree of inhibition and
reticence vis-à-vis the opposite sex that is strong enough to severely
limit any participation in courtship, marriage, and family formation
roles. Two groups containing love-shy individuals, one older and one
younger, were compared to a non shy group on many family background
variables. Interestingly, the love shy participants were found to have
been about five times as likely as the non shy people to have grown up
without any female siblings. Also, the love shys were found to have
grown up in homes which were isolated from any kin family network.
Furthermore, the love shy participants were 3x as likely as the non
shy people to have grown up as only children.
2. The first article titled “Are You Shy?” by Bernardo Carducci and
Philip G. Zimbardo investigates the nature behind the evolution of
shyness in our lives. For example, the different types of shyness are
discussed such as private shy vs. public shy, and often it is hard to
determine when someone is privately shy as they are able to perform
socially in public, yet internally the person is suffering greatly.
Also, shyness is also determined to be inherited, yet these infants
that are inhibited are not destined to evolve into shy adults. Many
factors such as the emotional bond formed between parents and child at
an early age, times of developmental transition, and cultural
expectations can influence a person’s shyness. For example, those with
a Japanese ethnicity tend to be shyer than those of an Israeli
background, because in Japanese culture “the nail that stands out is
pounded down”, while a child who tries gets positively reinforced, no
matter if he or she is successful or not. Finally, in American
society, there is a stigma surrounding shyness, and from 1975 the
percentage for those who consider themselves shy has risen from 40% to
48% and is still increasing, due to our ability to hide behind
technology in this “electronic age.” In Philip Manning and George
Ray’s “Shyness, Self – Confidence, and Social Interaction”, explores
the idea that self confidence and shyness can be determined from
observing and noting simple social interaction. Interestingly,
researchers found that people are not simply always shy, but shy on
some occasions and not on others – these researchers define shy as
people’s ability to interact with others. Those who were self –
confident were able to consistently create new topics of discussion
and engage the other participants in fluid conversation, while those
who had trouble with conversation (shy participants) relied on setting
talk to carry their conversations.
1. The article “Some Family Antecedents of Severe Shyness” by Brain G.
Gilmarten investigates love shyness – a degree of inhibition and
reticence vis-à-vis the opposite sex that is strong enough to severely
limit any participation in courtship, marriage, and family formation
roles. Two groups containing love-shy individuals, one older and one
younger, were compared to a non shy group on many family background
variables. Interestingly, the love shy participants were found to have
been about five times as likely as the non shy people to have grown up
without any female siblings. Also, the love shys were found to have
grown up in homes which were isolated from any kin family network.
Furthermore, the love shy participants were 3x as likely as the non
shy people to have grown up as only children.
2. The first article titled “Are You Shy?” by Bernardo Carducci and
Philip G. Zimbardo investigates the nature behind the evolution of
shyness in our lives. For example, the different types of shyness are
discussed such as private shy vs. public shy, and often it is hard to
determine when someone is privately shy as they are able to perform
socially in public, yet internally the person is suffering greatly.
Also, shyness is also determined to be inherited, yet these infants
that are inhibited are not destined to evolve into shy adults. Many
factors such as the emotional bond formed between parents and child at
an early age, times of developmental transition, and cultural
expectations can influence a person’s shyness. For example, those with
a Japanese ethnicity tend to be shyer than those of an Israeli
background, because in Japanese culture “the nail that stands out is
pounded down”, while a child who tries gets positively reinforced, no
matter if he or she is successful or not. Finally, in American
society, there is a stigma surrounding shyness, and from 1975 the
percentage for those who consider themselves shy has risen from 40% to
48% and is still increasing, due to our ability to hide behind
technology in this “electronic age.” In Philip Manning and George
Ray’s “Shyness, Self – Confidence, and Social Interaction”, explores
the idea that self confidence and shyness can be determined from
observing and noting simple social interaction. Interestingly,
researchers found that people are not simply always shy, but shy on
some occasions and not on others – these researchers define shy as
people’s ability to interact with others. Those who were self –
confident were able to consistently create new topics of discussion
and engage the other participants in fluid conversation, while those
who had trouble with conversation (shy participants) relied on setting
talk to carry their conversations.
> Step 1: Read the following articles.
> 1)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QdjlvYzZzZ1BUY2UzQnNNb3Ay...
> 2)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QcXZhWXhwbWJUUXUyMWYwcjNN...
> 1)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QdjlvYzZzZ1BUY2UzQnNNb3Ay...
mike vivo
Mar 8, 2012, 12:07:02 AM3/8/12
to Baddeley AP Psych
Option 1
1. This article Shyness, Self Confidence and Social interaction
discusses the management of conversational encounters by both shy and
self confident people. It reports that researchers have found clear
patterning in the verbal patterns shy and non shy individuals, using
conversation-analytic techniques. It suggests that confidence is built
through a process of self-exposure, and demands unscripted,
sequential, conversational interaction.
2. This article Sensory- Processing Sensititivity and Its Relation to
Introversion and Emotionality discusses an individual's emotional
sensitivity and relates it to introversion (or shyness). The article
suggest that parental environment had a major influence on shyness. It
goes on to discuss how studies have shown that those with unhappy
childhoods tended to be more introverted. But went on to say that
this, for the most part, seemed more evident in guys.
References
Social psychology Quarterly 1993, Vol. 56, No. 3, 178-192
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1997, Vol. 73 No. 2,
345-368
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2786777
http://hsperson.com/pdf/JPSP_Aron_and_Aron_97_Sensitivity_vs_I_and_N.pdf
1. This article Shyness, Self Confidence and Social interaction
discusses the management of conversational encounters by both shy and
self confident people. It reports that researchers have found clear
patterning in the verbal patterns shy and non shy individuals, using
conversation-analytic techniques. It suggests that confidence is built
through a process of self-exposure, and demands unscripted,
sequential, conversational interaction.
2. This article Sensory- Processing Sensititivity and Its Relation to
Introversion and Emotionality discusses an individual's emotional
sensitivity and relates it to introversion (or shyness). The article
suggest that parental environment had a major influence on shyness. It
goes on to discuss how studies have shown that those with unhappy
childhoods tended to be more introverted. But went on to say that
this, for the most part, seemed more evident in guys.
References
Social psychology Quarterly 1993, Vol. 56, No. 3, 178-192
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1997, Vol. 73 No. 2,
345-368
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2786777
http://hsperson.com/pdf/JPSP_Aron_and_Aron_97_Sensitivity_vs_I_and_N.pdf
> Step 1: Read the following articles.
> 1)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QdjlvYzZzZ1BUY2UzQnNNb3Ay...
> 2)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QcXZhWXhwbWJUUXUyMWYwcjNN...
> 1)https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B6CRJQ_uKl8QdjlvYzZzZ1BUY2UzQnNNb3Ay...
J Sito
Mar 8, 2012, 7:52:08 PM3/8/12
to Baddeley AP Psych
option 1
1. The article SHYNESS AND SOCIABILITY by Louis A. Schmid explores the
biological origins of shyness. The article contends that social
behavior is contingent upon approach-avoidance tendencies and can be
predicted and measured by observing activity in the frontal region of
the brain. The left frontal area appears to be involved in one's
experience of interest and joy. The experience of the aforementioned
positive emotions facilitates more approachable behaviors. Conversely,
the right frontal region is involved in one's experience of fear and
disgust. Such emotions facilitate avoidance behaviors. Through use of
an EEG to measure ongoing brain activity during the processing of
different affects, scientists (Davidson and Fox) have found empirical
support for this model. Left frontal EEG asymmetries tend to be
associated with the processing of positive experiences, while right
frontal EEG asymmetries are most often related to the processing of
negative ones.
2. The first article, Are You Shy?, contends that shyness is a product
of both nature and nurture. Studies indicate that, while a certain
percentage of infants are born predisposed to shyness, this proportion
increases substantially when applied to adults. While some people are
obviously shy, an overwhelming majority of the self-proclaimed shy
appear “normal” but must deal with anxiety and angst in social
situations. Research appears to indicate that one's relationship with
one's parents can determine whether or not one becomes shy. Cultural
differences were also cited. For instance, in some Asian cultures,
people have internalized the proverb “the nail that sticks out gets
hammered down” and seek to avoid becoming the proverbial nail.
Conversely, Israeli children are praised for success and relieved of
responsibility in the event of failure. This causes Israelis to be
less concerned with failure. The article goes on to ponder the effects
of the internet and technology on the percentage of shy people. While
the purpose of said technology is to facilitate easier communication
at maximum efficiency, the article acknowledges the irony of the fact
that technology's presence appears to have reduced the necessity for a
child to develop social skills, and may lead to an increase of shy
people. The second article attempts shed light on why people are shy
given one circumstance but outgoing given another. Furthermore studies
mentioned by the article attempt to quantify shyness using tests and
tallying the amount of “setting” related mentions in a given
conversation. The research found that shy people behave differently
then do self-confident people in day-to-day interactions. Shy people
tended to speak in certain discernible patterns, focusing more on the
setting and avoiding more intimate engagement. Self-confident people
appeared to behave to the contrary. In essence, the studies suggests
that conversation is a quantifiable mechanism with discernible
procedures, said procedures are adapted to fit the comfort level of
the speaker in question.
1. The article SHYNESS AND SOCIABILITY by Louis A. Schmid explores the
biological origins of shyness. The article contends that social
behavior is contingent upon approach-avoidance tendencies and can be
predicted and measured by observing activity in the frontal region of
the brain. The left frontal area appears to be involved in one's
experience of interest and joy. The experience of the aforementioned
positive emotions facilitates more approachable behaviors. Conversely,
the right frontal region is involved in one's experience of fear and
disgust. Such emotions facilitate avoidance behaviors. Through use of
an EEG to measure ongoing brain activity during the processing of
different affects, scientists (Davidson and Fox) have found empirical
support for this model. Left frontal EEG asymmetries tend to be
associated with the processing of positive experiences, while right
frontal EEG asymmetries are most often related to the processing of
negative ones.
2. The first article, Are You Shy?, contends that shyness is a product
of both nature and nurture. Studies indicate that, while a certain
percentage of infants are born predisposed to shyness, this proportion
increases substantially when applied to adults. While some people are
obviously shy, an overwhelming majority of the self-proclaimed shy
appear “normal” but must deal with anxiety and angst in social
situations. Research appears to indicate that one's relationship with
one's parents can determine whether or not one becomes shy. Cultural
differences were also cited. For instance, in some Asian cultures,
people have internalized the proverb “the nail that sticks out gets
hammered down” and seek to avoid becoming the proverbial nail.
Conversely, Israeli children are praised for success and relieved of
responsibility in the event of failure. This causes Israelis to be
less concerned with failure. The article goes on to ponder the effects
of the internet and technology on the percentage of shy people. While
the purpose of said technology is to facilitate easier communication
at maximum efficiency, the article acknowledges the irony of the fact
that technology's presence appears to have reduced the necessity for a
child to develop social skills, and may lead to an increase of shy
people. The second article attempts shed light on why people are shy
given one circumstance but outgoing given another. Furthermore studies
mentioned by the article attempt to quantify shyness using tests and
tallying the amount of “setting” related mentions in a given
conversation. The research found that shy people behave differently
then do self-confident people in day-to-day interactions. Shy people
tended to speak in certain discernible patterns, focusing more on the
setting and avoiding more intimate engagement. Self-confident people
appeared to behave to the contrary. In essence, the studies suggests
that conversation is a quantifiable mechanism with discernible
procedures, said procedures are adapted to fit the comfort level of
the speaker in question.
Laura Scott
Mar 9, 2012, 12:02:30 AM3/9/12
to baddeley...@googlegroups.com
Option 1:
1. In the article "Biological Bases of Childhood Shyness," discusses a study done comparing the levels of shyness between groups of two year old children. One group was markedly more reserved and socially avoidant, considered "inhibited," whereas the other group was significantly more outgoing and talkative, being considering "uninhibited." These groups were divided by initial testing done by the researchers, in which These two extreme groups comprised about 15 per cent of the original group of 400 children that were being evaluated. The children were then evaluated at varying intervals until the age of 7 and 1/2, when the final determination was made that the initial behavioral differences between the inhibited and uninhibited children were accurate predictors of their future behavior. This meant that the children two original groups had maintained, for the most part, their initial behavior of being shy or more outgoing. Additionally, in studies that included children of all varying levels of shyness, only children who were considered extremely inhibited or extremely uninhibited, according to the behavioral distribution, were able to predict their behavior at the age of 4, when tested again. A second study was conducted which examined the biological bases of shyness. The child's heart period and heart period variability were measured in stressful and non-stressful situations. The inhibited children were shown to have greater arousal in the limbic and hypothalamic sites.
2. The article "Are You Shy?" argues that a large portion of the population is shy, whether it is outwardly manifested or kept inwards. It often stems from self-deprecation and narcissism. Shyness can have extremely debilitating and painful effects upon those who are unable to deal with it. These symptoms can be mental as well as physical. Those who are "privately" shy may suffer just as much as those who are "outwardly" shy. Additionally, people learn from an early age to prefer the safe, familiar situations, over unknown ones; infants were more likely to cry when presented with a change in their circumstances. Shyness may be genetic, yet it is subject to change; people can learn to act outgoing if they are in a controlled environment. It also may not be inherent but rather learned culturally, or through one's parents. In Japan, children feel motivated to keep to themselves, as doing something well reflect well on their parents, whereas making a mistake reflects purely upon themselves. Across cultures there are different social standards when it comes to determining shyness; a child from one culture may be considered normal there, but shy according to another culture. Ultimately, shyness has both beneficial and detrimental aspects, yet overall may cause more harm to their social health and well being. Nevertheless, it continues to rise as time goes on, especially due to the impersonality that technology has given to society. In the article "Shyness, Confidence, and Social Interaction", a study was done between college-age men and women. Their level of shyness was first determined through a questionnaire, and those who had received extreme scores on either end were subsequently tested by a measurement of their conversational skills when talking to strangers. They determined that shyness is often a product of insecurity and low self-confidence, rather than a natural impulse.
1. In the article "Biological Bases of Childhood Shyness," discusses a study done comparing the levels of shyness between groups of two year old children. One group was markedly more reserved and socially avoidant, considered "inhibited," whereas the other group was significantly more outgoing and talkative, being considering "uninhibited." These groups were divided by initial testing done by the researchers, in which These two extreme groups comprised about 15 per cent of the original group of 400 children that were being evaluated. The children were then evaluated at varying intervals until the age of 7 and 1/2, when the final determination was made that the initial behavioral differences between the inhibited and uninhibited children were accurate predictors of their future behavior. This meant that the children two original groups had maintained, for the most part, their initial behavior of being shy or more outgoing. Additionally, in studies that included children of all varying levels of shyness, only children who were considered extremely inhibited or extremely uninhibited, according to the behavioral distribution, were able to predict their behavior at the age of 4, when tested again. A second study was conducted which examined the biological bases of shyness. The child's heart period and heart period variability were measured in stressful and non-stressful situations. The inhibited children were shown to have greater arousal in the limbic and hypothalamic sites.
2. The article "Are You Shy?" argues that a large portion of the population is shy, whether it is outwardly manifested or kept inwards. It often stems from self-deprecation and narcissism. Shyness can have extremely debilitating and painful effects upon those who are unable to deal with it. These symptoms can be mental as well as physical. Those who are "privately" shy may suffer just as much as those who are "outwardly" shy. Additionally, people learn from an early age to prefer the safe, familiar situations, over unknown ones; infants were more likely to cry when presented with a change in their circumstances. Shyness may be genetic, yet it is subject to change; people can learn to act outgoing if they are in a controlled environment. It also may not be inherent but rather learned culturally, or through one's parents. In Japan, children feel motivated to keep to themselves, as doing something well reflect well on their parents, whereas making a mistake reflects purely upon themselves. Across cultures there are different social standards when it comes to determining shyness; a child from one culture may be considered normal there, but shy according to another culture. Ultimately, shyness has both beneficial and detrimental aspects, yet overall may cause more harm to their social health and well being. Nevertheless, it continues to rise as time goes on, especially due to the impersonality that technology has given to society. In the article "Shyness, Confidence, and Social Interaction", a study was done between college-age men and women. Their level of shyness was first determined through a questionnaire, and those who had received extreme scores on either end were subsequently tested by a measurement of their conversational skills when talking to strangers. They determined that shyness is often a product of insecurity and low self-confidence, rather than a natural impulse.
Madeleine Beimford
Mar 11, 2012, 11:36:39 AM3/11/12
to baddeley...@googlegroups.com
Brian G. Gilmartin's, "Some Family Antecedents of Severe Shyness" examines 'love-shyness', those who are severely shy around the opposite sex. This severity is much more formidable in men than women, especially men who did not have a female sibling and who were virgins. It wasn't found that it was the cause of love shyness but it was often reflected in the study that those who were virigns were more prone to severe love-shyness. Not having a female sibling growing up was a contributor to love shyness because it indicates that they never learned how to interact with the opposite sex in the most friendly, joking casual of ways. It more commonly found in men over women because even when severely shy, women are more likely to be courted when a man takes interest, able to go along with his conversation prompting. However, since men are supposed to lead the courting, their insecurity and social isolation prompts fear and therefore more isolation. Gilmartin also theorized that love-shyness was more common in those who grew up as the only child and if they did not have close familial connections with others besides parents in their early years.
In the article "Shyness, Self-Confidence, and Social interaction" the researchers (Philip Manning and George Ray) state that peple 'do' shyness, shy people are not always shy, it depends on their current situation. Based on a study dividing college students into self-confident and shy participant groups, the researchers based their conclusions by analyzing the conversations between these two groups. Based on their observations, shy is determined by the ability to interact with others. Those who were self-confident were able to make conversation outside the immediate topic of setting and situation, they talked about major, exchanged names and were able to keep the flow of conversation running smoothly. The second article, "Are You Shy?" investigated all the biological, evolutionary, cultural and social factors that lead to the heightened percentage of shy people in America. Zimbardo and Carducci found that parenting and culture have a huge role in determining how a child interacts with others. If at a young age, they are exposed to new situations and praised for their accomplishments instead of blamed, children are more willing to take risks socially. However, as they grow up affects their social abilities as well, Zimbardo and Carducci stresses that instead of obsessing over past interactions and analyzing the potential of an impending conversation: stay in the moment and listen.
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