What Are The 5 Holy Books In Islam
Leoma Cianchetti
Islamic holy books are certain religious scriptures that are viewed by Muslims as having valid divine significance, in that they were authored by God (Allah) through a variety of prophets and messengers, including those who predate the Quran. Among the group of religious texts considered to be valid revelations, the three that are mentioned by name in the Quran are the Tawrat (Arabic for Torah), received by prophets and messengers amongst the Children of Israel; the Zabur (Psalms), received by David; and the (Injeel) Arabic for the Gospel, received by Jesus. Additionally, the Quran mentions God's revealing of the Scrolls of Abraham and the Scrolls of Moses.
Muslims hold the Quran, as it was revealed to Muhammad, to be God's final revelation to mankind, and therefore a completion and confirmation of previous scriptures, such as the Bible.[1] Despite the primacy that Muslims place upon the Quran in this context, belief in the validity of earlier Abrahamic scriptures is one of the six Islamic articles of faith. However, for most self-identified Muslims, the level of this belief is restricted by the concept of tahrif.
The Islamic methodology of tafsir al-Qur'an bi-l-Kitab (Arabic: تفسير القرآن بالكتاب) refers to interpreting the Qur'an with/through the Bible.[2] This approach adopts canonical Arabic versions of the Bible, including the Tawrat and the Injil, both to illuminate and to add exegetical depth to the reading of the Qur'an. Notable Muslim mufassirun (commentators) of the Bible and Qur'an who weaved biblical texts together with Qur'anic ones include Abu al-Hakam Abd al-Salam bin al-Isbili of al-Andalus and Ibrahim bin Umar bin Hasan al-Biqa'i.[2]
The Quran is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (Arabic: الله, Allah).[3] The Quran is divided into chapters (surah), which are then divided into verses (ayah). Muslims believe the Quran was verbally revealed by Allah to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel (Jibril),[4][5] gradually over a period of approximately 23 years, starting in late 609, when Muhammad was 39, and concluding in 632, the year of his death.[3][6][7] Muslims regard the Quran as the most important miracle of Muhammad, a proof of his prophethood,[8] and the culmination of a series of divine messages that started with the messages revealed to Adam and ended with Muhammad. It is widely regarded as the finest work in classical Arabic literature.[9][10][11][12]
The Quran mentions the Zabur, interpreted as being the Book of Psalms,[14] as being the holy scripture revealed to King David (Dawud). Scholars have often understood the Psalms to have been holy songs of praise, and not a book administering law.[15] The current Psalms are still praised by many Muslim scholars.[16] Quran 21:105 and Psalm 37:29 are direct counterparts.[17]
The Injil was the holy book revealed to Jesus (Isa), according to the Quran. Most scholars and Muslims believe that it refers not to the New Testament but to an original Gospel given to Jesus as the word of Allah.[18]
The Scrolls of Moses (Arabic: صُحُفِ مُوسَىٰ, Ṣuḥuf Mūsā) are an ancient body of scripture mentioned twice in the Quran. They are part of the religious scriptures of Islam. Jordanian scholar and professor of philosophy Ghazi bin Muhammad mentions that the "Scrolls of Moses" are identical to the Torah of Moses.[23] Others have stated that they could possibly refer to the Book of the Wars of the Lord,[21] a lost text spoken of in the Old Testament or Tanakh in the Book of Numbers.[24] The verse mentioning the "Scriptures" is in Quran 87:18-19 where they are referred to, alongside the Scrolls of Abraham, to have been "Books of Earlier Revelation".
There are five key books of revelation in Islam. Each of them was given to a different prophet by Allah. Muslims believe that these holy books all conveyed the same message from Allah to the humanity, giving guidance to Muslims on how to live their daily life.
Select a Beginning PointGenesisExodusLeviticusNumbersDeuteronomyJoshuaJudgesRuth1 Samuel2 Samuel1 Kings2 Kings1 Chronicles2 ChroniclesEzraNehemiahEstherJobPsalmsProverbsEcclesiastesSong of SongsIsaiahJeremiahLamentationsEzekielDanielHoseaJoelAmosObadiahJonahMicahNahumHabakkukZephaniahHaggaiZechariahMalachiMatthewMarkLukeJohnActsRomans1 Corinthians2 CorinthiansGalatiansEphesiansPhilippiansColossians1 Thessalonians2 Thessalonians1 Timothy2 TimothyTitusPhilemonHebrewsJames1 Peter2 Peter1 John2 John3 JohnJudeRevelation
Select an Ending PointGenesisExodusLeviticusNumbersDeuteronomyJoshuaJudgesRuth1 Samuel2 Samuel1 Kings2 Kings1 Chronicles2 ChroniclesEzraNehemiahEstherJobPsalmsProverbsEcclesiastesSong of SongsIsaiahJeremiahLamentationsEzekielDanielHoseaJoelAmosObadiahJonahMicahNahumHabakkukZephaniahHaggaiZechariahMalachiMatthewMarkLukeJohnActsRomans1 Corinthians2 CorinthiansGalatiansEphesiansPhilippiansColossians1 Thessalonians2 Thessalonians1 Timothy2 TimothyTitusPhilemonHebrewsJames1 Peter2 Peter1 John2 John3 JohnJudeRevelation
The source of all authority in Islam is the Quran. Muslims believe that it is the actual words of Allah, the one God, dictated to Muhammad the prophet in the Arabic language. We need to make the following observations about the Quran.
Muslims believe there is an original Quran that has existed eternally in heaven. This Quran is on a stone tablet written in the Arabic language, the language of heaven. Since the original Quran is written in Arabic, the Arabic language is given special reverence. This is emphasized in Quran. It says,
After his death, attempts were made to assemble the Quran by Muslim leaders. The various portions were found written on such things as stones, leaves, and on the shoulder blades of camels. In addition, the memories of those who heard these recitations were used to compile the Quran. The final compilation of the revelation occurred about the year A.D. 650.
According to Islam, the final source of authority is the Quran, which Muslims believe to be the word of Allah. Although Islam teaches that the Old and New Testaments are divinely inspired, they believe that Christians and Jews have corrupted the Scriptures. Islam considers the Bible wrong in any place where it conflicts with the Quran. The Quran is the only trustworthy source of teaching for the Muslims.
While the Bible and the Quran are considered to be sacred by Muslims, they are contradictory to each other in much that they teach. Consequently, the Jews and Christians brought a number of arguments against Muhammad and his followers on the basis of what their Scriptures taught. Muslims were forced to come up with some sort of answer to these questions.
The basic question which had to be answered was this: How could there be discrepancies if the Old Testament, the New Testament, and Quran all came from the same source? If the Quran only confirmed what was in the Old and New Testaments then why do we find these contradictions?
Therefore, when the Bible and the Quran are in conflict, the Quran corrects that which was corrupted in the Bible. Muhammad accuses the Jews of knowingly perverting the word of God after having heard and understood it. The Quran says,
Muslims sometime refer to a work called the Gospel of Barnabas as a more authoritative source to the life of Jesus. They believe it gives the correct explanation of what Jesus said and did. In the Gospel of Barnabas, Jesus is said to have been an Islamic prophet, the forerunner of Muhammad.
There is one final point which should be mentioned. Those who read the Quran in Arabic testify to its literary beauty. Even non-Muslims agree that it is a great literary work. Muslims often use this to argue for its divine nature. They contend that a book with such beauty could not have come about from mere humans. Consequently, it must be a divine work, a work of God. Thus, the beauty of the Quran is used as the final line of evidence of its divine inspiration.
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