If you want to start from a minimal image and add your stuff, you should use the ansible-builder tool itself. This can generate a Dockerfile which uses a true minimal base image like centos-stream or whatever you want.
If that's confusing, or you don't want to use the tool, then you could start from any image that was built using the builder tool, as an alternative. Since the old ansible-runner image is deprecated, nothing is officially pushing minimal images, and because of this, I stared
https://github.com/AlanCoding/zen-ee which I am maintaining personally so that there's an "off-the-shelf" minimal image. However, there's no magic behind it, so you should be able to see how it's using ansible-builder and can go your own way pretty easily.