From the screen shot it looks like you are making it all the way back to awx, and the url /sso/complete/saml/ is the last leg in the handshake before you are authenticated.
My gut is saying that there is something in the response coming from DUO that AWX isn't handeling properly.
It could be a configuration issue on the AWX SAML adapter or something in the SAML response itself.
Chrome and Fire Fox have extensions which can be installed to help trace the SAML request/responses going back and forth as part of the authentication process.
Can you install one of those extensions and capture the SAML response coming to AWX from DUO and share as much of that as possible?
Text would be preferred over an image in case we need to try and run commands on it to replicate the issue?
If you need to redact information maybe use a jinja type syntax like {{ my_user_name }}/{{ my_first_name }}.
The full trace back would also be helpful at the top of the grey section there is a link that says "Switch to copy and paste view".
From what I see I'm leaning towards it being an issue with it trying to process one of the fields coming back from DUO.
If that is the case, your SSO configuration would also be useful.
You can grab that from the URL /api/v2/settings/saml/ but values in there will likely also need to be redacted.