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Frederic Laureano

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Aug 3, 2024, 5:03:50 PM8/3/24
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Version control systems are obviously important in development projects but there use in web development projects appears to be more complex, what with the requirement of having a web server to run all but the simplest of web applications.

I can see a drawback of 1 being the added time required to create the virtual machines and ensure that the virtual machines are kept insync with the development server (also the need(?) to continuously change the developers host file to point at the virtual machine not the development server).

I don't like VMs - maybe just because I am running the same OS the server is running on. Updating and keeping it in sync is a task I can do by myself (once a week: "just install package XYZ"). Every month or so you might freeze a VM for backup (or to give to new developers).

It's the best method for the developer. He doesn't have to wait for a commit/deploy to happen. Change a line of code, save the file, press F5 in the browser, done. For best efficiency that's the way to go.

I would really recommend to setup a staging/dev server. Each time somebody commits into Version Control the server should automatically get the newest version and restart the webserver. This way other people can have a look at the running product and give feedback.

4) Pull source code out of repository, develop locally check back in. This is really the same as the VM approach, just no VM. In ASP.NET you either use IIS locally or the Visual Studio development server.

Most version control systems will allow you to branch and merge and then using your Build Server you can deploy that to whatever webserver you like. That should sort out your separate developer subdomains.

Firstly you can - and should - use a revision control system, most will handle binary files although unlike text files you can't merge two different set of changes so you may want to set the system up to lock these files whilst they are being changed (assuming that that's not the default mode of operation for you rcs in the first place).

Where things get a bit more interesting for Websites is managing those files that are required for the site but don't actually form part of the site - the most obvious example being something like .psd files from which web graphics are produced but which don't get deployed.

What you have to watch with this is that designers tend to have their own "systems" for "versioning" graphic files (count the layers in the PSD). You don't need necessarily to stop them doing this but you do need to ensure that they commit each change too.

In response to Christian Lescuyer's post, you also need to enable the "svn:keywords" property on the file with that line in it. Subversion won't bother looking in your files for keywords like $Revision$ unless that property is set.

Also, if using PHP like in his example, you may want to put $Revision$ inside a single-quoted string instead of a double quoted string to prevent PHP from trying to parse $Revision as a PHP variable and throwing a warning. :)

I use Subversion.As an easy way to reference the website version (production, testing, development), I use a very simple trick. I add the revision number somewhere on the site (eg in the admin footer). Something like this:

Each time you checkout (development versions) or export (for production), the "1" will be replaced by the revision number in your repository, thus making it easy to setup the customer version on your test server, for example.

In systems with many dependencies, releasing new package versions can quicklybecome a nightmare. If the dependency specifications are too tight, you are indanger of version lock (the inability to upgrade a package without having torelease new versions of every dependent package). If dependencies arespecified too loosely, you will inevitably be bitten by version promiscuity(assuming compatibility with more future versions than is reasonable).Dependency hell is where you are when version lock and/or version promiscuityprevent you from easily and safely moving your project forward.

As a solution to this problem, we propose a simple set of rules andrequirements that dictate how version numbers are assigned and incremented.These rules are based on but not necessarily limited to pre-existingwidespread common practices in use in both closed and open-source software.For this system to work, you first need to declare a public API. This mayconsist of documentation or be enforced by the code itself. Regardless, it isimportant that this API be clear and precise. Once you identify your publicAPI, you communicate changes to it with specific increments to your versionnumber. Consider a version format of X.Y.Z (Major.Minor.Patch). Bug fixes notaffecting the API increment the patch version, backward compatible APIadditions/changes increment the minor version, and backward incompatible APIchanges increment the major version.

Software using Semantic Versioning MUST declare a public API. This APIcould be declared in the code itself or exist strictly in documentation.However it is done, it SHOULD be precise and comprehensive.

A normal version number MUST take the form X.Y.Z where X, Y, and Z arenon-negative integers, and MUST NOT contain leading zeroes. X is themajor version, Y is the minor version, and Z is the patch version.Each element MUST increase numerically. For instance: 1.9.0 -> 1.10.0 -> 1.11.0.

Minor version Y (x.Y.z x > 0) MUST be incremented if new, backwardcompatible functionality is introduced to the public API. It MUST beincremented if any public API functionality is marked as deprecated. It MAY beincremented if substantial new functionality or improvements are introducedwithin the private code. It MAY include patch level changes. Patch versionMUST be reset to 0 when minor version is incremented.

Major version X (X.y.z X > 0) MUST be incremented if any backwardincompatible changes are introduced to the public API. It MAY also include minorand patch level changes. Patch and minor versions MUST be reset to 0 when majorversion is incremented.

A pre-release version MAY be denoted by appending a hyphen and aseries of dot separated identifiers immediately following the patchversion. Identifiers MUST comprise only ASCII alphanumerics and hyphens[0-9A-Za-z-]. Identifiers MUST NOT be empty. Numeric identifiers MUSTNOT include leading zeroes. Pre-release versions have a lowerprecedence than the associated normal version. A pre-release versionindicates that the version is unstable and might not satisfy theintended compatibility requirements as denoted by its associatednormal version. Examples: 1.0.0-alpha, 1.0.0-alpha.1, 1.0.0-0.3.7,1.0.0-x.7.z.92, 1.0.0-x-y-z.--.

Precedence for two pre-release versions with the same major, minor, andpatch version MUST be determined by comparing each dot separated identifierfrom left to right until a difference is found as follows:

If all of this sounds desirable, all you need to do to start using SemanticVersioning is to declare that you are doing so and then follow the rules. Linkto this website from your README so others know the rules and can benefit fromthem.

Use your best judgment. If you have a huge audience that will be drasticallyimpacted by changing the behavior back to what the public API intended, thenit may be best to perform a major version release, even though the fix couldstrictly be considered a patch release. Remember, Semantic Versioning is allabout conveying meaning by how the version number changes. If these changesare important to your users, use the version number to inform them.

Deprecating existing functionality is a normal part of software development andis often required to make forward progress. When you deprecate part of yourpublic API, you should do two things: (1) update your documentation to letusers know about the change, (2) issue a new minor release with the deprecationin place. Before you completely remove the functionality in a new major releasethere should be at least one minor release that contains the deprecation sothat users can smoothly transition to the new API.

While it's not required to have a mobile version of your pages to have your content included in Google's Search results, it is very strongly recommended. These best practices apply to mobile sites in general, and by definition to mobile-first indexing.

If you haven't already, create a mobile-friendly website so your users visiting your site through a mobile phone can have a stellar experience. There are three configurations you can choose from to create a mobile-friendly site:

The contents of this guide only apply to dynamic serving and separate URL configurations. In case of responsive design, the content and the metadata are the same on the mobile and desktop version of the pages.

Even with the equivalent content, differences in DOM or layout between desktop and mobile page can result in Google understanding the content differently. However having the same content on the desktop and mobile version ensures that the two versions can rank for the same keywords.

Don't let ads harm your mobile page ranking. Follow the Better Ads Standard when displaying ads on mobile devices. For example, ads at the top of the page can take up too much room on a mobile device, which is a bad user experience

Check hreflang links on separate URLs. When you use rel=hreflang link elements for internationalization, link between mobile and desktop URLs separately. Your mobile URLs' hreflang must point to mobile URLs, and similarly desktop URL hreflang must point to desktop URLs.

Use the correct rel=canonical and rel=alternate link elements between your mobile and desktop versions. The desktop URL is always the canonical, and the mobile version is the alternate of that URL.

In this example, the desktop site URL is and includes a link element that points to itself as the canonical URL, followed by another link element that points to the mobile version as the alternate version of this URL.

Here's a list of the most common errors that can stop sites from being enabled for mobile-first indexing or could cause a drop in ranking after a site is enabled for mobile-first indexing. If your site isn't enabled for mobile-first indexing yet, you've seen a drop in ranking after your site is enabled for mobile-first indexing, or you've received a message in Search Console, check the following list of common errors and resolve possible errors you may have:

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