On Sat, 21 Jan 2017 17:52:36 +1100, I <++@
tpg.com.au> wrote:
> The date 3rd. October 1890 is of immense significance.
http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3518479
THE GREAT FIRE IN SYDNEY.
MOST DISASTROUS FIRE EVER KNOWN
IN AUSTRALIA.
NUMBER OF FIREMEN INJURED.
BRIGADE PLANT DESTROYED.
SIX STEAMERS AND 200 FIREMEN
POWERLESS.
DISGRACEFUL SCENES.
MANY OF THE FIREMEN INTOXICATED.
PERMANENT ARTILLERY CALLED OUT.
T WO ACRES OF BUILDINGS DESTROYED.
DAMAGE ESTIMATED AT £800,000
INSURANCES AMOUNT TO ABOUT
£500,000.
[BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.]
(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
SYDNEY, October 2.
The most disastrous fire ever known in the
Australasian colonies occurred in Sydney to-
day.
The fire was first discovered, about half
past 2 this morning, on the premises of Messrs.
Gibbs, Shallard, and Co., printers and lithographers,
who occupied a large five-story
building, situated in Hoskins-lane, which runs
between Pitt-street and Castlereagh-street, not
far from the General Post Office. Information
was at once sent to the head station of the
Metropolitan Brigade, and in a very short time
Superintendent Bear, with all the permanent
men and appliances, was on the scene.
The fire had spread so rapidly, however, that
despite the prompt manner in which the
brigades responded to the call, it was soon
apparent that the whole of the block of
buildings in which the fire originated was
doomed, while there seemed every possibility of
the conflagration spreading to alarming dimen-
sions. The water supply was not particularly
good and Superintendent Bear, recognising the
danger of the flames spreading, issued orders
for summoning all the suburban brigades.
The volunteer firemen turned out readily, and
there were soon between 150 and 200 firemen
present with all their appliances. The morning
fortunately was quiet, and scarcely a breath of
wind stirred, but the terrible draught created
by the huge fire carried the flames in a
northerly direction, and the windows of the
Athenaeum Club were soon alight. Every effort
was made at this stage to check the fire,
but so intense was the heat and so dense the
smoke that the firemen were compelled to retreat
from Hoskins-lane, which was the only
spot where effective work could be done.
The flames gradually gained a hold on the
Athenaeum Club, and spreading from there to
the Northern Club, threatened to clear the block
down to Hunter-street. At this time, however,
a southerly breeze arose and carried the
flames in the opposite direction. Messrs. Lark
and Sons' and Messrs. Feldheim, Gotthelf, and
Co.'s establishments, a large four-story ware-
house situated in Moore-street, between Pitt
and Castlereagh-streets, was the next to catch,
and from there the flames speedily made then
way to Henry Bull and Co.'s wholesale ware-
house, Lawson Bros.' furniture warehuse, and
Richardson and Wrench's auctionrooms.
A TERRIBLE SIGHT
The Fire Brigades were fighting the flames
with great determination and vigour, but were
twice obliged to retreat by the heat and
smoke, and lost about £500 worth of plant
which they could not get away in time. The
fire then raged at its height, and from a
spectacular point of view has never been
equalled. The flames extended high in the
air, lighting up the neighbourhood so brilliantly
that the immense crowd of spectators, who
despite the very early hour had turned out,
were obliged to shield their eyes from the
glare, and shelter their faces from the enormous
heat.
At brief intervals a roof or floor would
collapse with a tremendous noise, and freer
vent being given to the flames they leaped up-
wards higher than ever. The fire brigades
were almost powerless. Six steam fire engines
were working their hardest, and numerous
hydrants had been got to play on the flames,
but so fierce had the conflagration now become
that all their efforts were little better than
useless. The firemen had to face the fire on
four sides, and so little was the impression
they could make upon its progress that it seemed
as if the whole block was doomed.
To give an idea of the rapidity with which
the flames spread, it may be mentioned that
Mr William Neill, manager of the City Bank,
and some of the members of his family, who
resided on the premises, were standing on the
roof watching the fire soon after its outbreak,
and when the wind veered round and carried
the flames in their direction, they had barely
time to make their escape before the bank was
on fire.
TEN FIREMEN BENEATH THE RUINS
After the fire had been burning about half-an-
hour the walls commenced to collapse all
round. Messrs Gibbs, Shallard and Co.'s
premises were the first to fall, then the back
wall of the Athenaeum Club came down and
buried no less than ten firemen in the debris.
Their comrades went at once to their assis-
tance and they were all extricated alive,
though several of them were severely bruised
and badly burnt. The western wall of Messrs.
Lark and Sons' premises soon afterwards col-
lapsed and brought down a considerable por-
tion of the rear of the City Bank; then the front
part came away, and carried the fire across the
street to Starkey's cordial manufactory, the
roof of which was partially burnt off.
INTOXICATION AND DISORDER
At this stage some most disgraceful scenes
were enacted at the fire. Many of the firemen
obtained liquor from the cellars and bars of the
clubs and became so intoxicated that they were
not only useless, but a hindrance to the other
men at work. Superintendent Bear dealt with
them rigorously whenever a case came under
his notice but unfortunately many of them
escaped his observance, and did much damage
to the adjoining properties by reckless use of
the hose. The crowd also interfered so much
with the work of the firemen that it was
considered advisable to call out the Permanent
Artillery, and the men were drawn up across
the street, and kept back the too curious spec-
tators until permanent barricades could be
erected.
EXTENT OF THE DEVASTATION.
About 6 o'clock the fire began to show signs
of abatement and a few hours afterwards all
danger of its spreading any further was at an
end. By that time, however, fully two acres
of handsome buildings had been reduced to
ruins, and all their valuable contents destroyed.
The debris continued to smoulder all day
long and at a late hour to-night was still
burning. Several other walls have collapsed,
and it is feared that before the morning more
will have come down. Street traffic in Pitt
and Castlereagh streets is completely blocked
and will have to continue so till the more dan-
gerous of the walls are demolished.
CAUSE OF THE FIRE.
The cause of the fire is a complete mystery.
There was nothing particularly flammable in
Messrs. Gibbs, Shallard, and Co.'s establish-
ment, and when the place was locked up last
night, there was no sign of fire.
A rumour was current that a large quantity
of fireworks had been stored on the premises,
but this originated from the fact that the firm
are agents for Messrs. Brock and Co. All the
fireworks are, however, stored in a specially
constructed building at Ashfield.
The fire was first noticed in the fourth
story of Gibbs, Shallard and Co.'s premi-
ses, which is used as a machine-room.
The flames were seen to move with
extraordinary rapidity up and down the lift
shaft, and within a few moments the whole
place was a mass of flames.
The total amount of damage is estimated at
between £700,000 and £800,000. The insu-
rances will probably amount to £500,000.
THE SUPERINTENDENT'S OPINION.
Superintendent Bear states that he is not
surprised at the manner in which the fire
spread, and considers it exceedingly fortunate
that it did not destroy more property. He
says that the present force is altogether
inadequate to cope with a serious fire,
and though the amateur firemen are
willing enough their zeal often outruns their
discretion. In reply to his complaint that the
water supply was deficient, an official report
has been issued, which states that the
pressure in mains is always 50lb. to the
square inch, and should have been more at the
early hour at which the fire occurred.
THE INJURED MEN.
The following are the names of the firemen
who were injured by the falling of the wall at
the rear of the Athenaeun Club: - Ben-
jamin Morris and Colley, of the Metro-
politan Brigade, and Arthur Mount
Stephens and William Rigby of the
Waverley and Ashfield brigades respectively,
not seriously injured; Ephraim Stoneham,
captain of the Waverley Brigade; George Dodd
and Thomas Cutts, of the Metropolitan
Brigade, were also treated for burns and contu-
sions; and Jas. Cable, George Cook, and Geo.
Cobb were hurt, but their injuries did not
necessitate then being taken to the hospital.
LIST OF BUILDINGS DESTROYED.
The area covered by the conflagration
extends from Gibbs, Shallard, and Co.'s
entrance to Pitt-street, along Pitt-street to the
corner of Moore-street, thence along Moore-
street nearly the whole way through that
thoroughfare to Castlereagh-street, and thence
as far as the City Mutual Life Insurance
Society's premises.
A tour round this block revealed the build-
ings which have suffered to be the following: -
City Bank, Pitt and Moore streets. - Front
and southern stone walls standing almost
perfect; rear and inside walls much damaged;
front office flooded; the superb ceiling and
walls damaged by water; the manager's quar-
ters upstairs burnt out.
Feldheim, Gotthelf, and Co., fancy goods
warehousemen, Moore-street. - Nothing but the
bare walls left; the iron window railings
twisted into all sorts of shapes.
Lark, Sons, and Co., soft goods warehouse-
men, Moore-street. - The front wall and a few
feet of the interior walls standing; the front
wall is very insecure.
Christopher Newton, Bros., and Co., soft-
goods warehousemen, Pitt-street. - Rear of
building partly damaged.
Wheatsheaf Hotel, Castlereagh and Moore
streets. - Rear portion of the uppermost story
damaged to a slight extent.
H. Volck, bootmaker, Castlereagh-street. -
Real part of premises slightly damaged.
German Club, Castlereagh-street. - The major
portion of the building is standing, but the
music-room is in ashes.
Dr. Morris's consulting-rooms, Castlereagh
street. - Slight damage to the rear of the pro-
perty.
F. B. Freehill, solicitor, Castlereagh-street. -
Slight damage to rear.
City Life Insurance Company's office, Castle-
reagh-street. - Roof damaged by fire.
Athenaeum Club, Castlereagh-street. - Portion
of the first floor and its contents and the whole
of the second floor and contents burned. The
dining-room, which was newly out of the
decorators' hands, flooded.
Lawson's English and Australian Furnishing
Company, Castlereagh-street. - Nothing but a
portion of the walls left.
Southern Club, Castlereagh-street. - Rear
portion of the main building consumed; the
wall of the wing badly damaged and part fallen
down; the billiard-room gone.
Gibb, Shallard, and Co., printers and pub-
lishers, Pitt-street. - A small portion of the
walls only left.
Batt, Rodd, and Purves, auctioneers, Pitt-
street. - Back portion of the premises burned.
Eldon Chambers, Pitt-street. - Rear part of
roof burned; damage by water general.
Joseph Palmer, stock and share broker, Pitt-
street. - Roof burnt off.
Richardson and Wrench, auctioneers, Pitt-
sheet. - Burned out, but the greater part of the
front wall standing.
Cyrus Mason, stock and share broker, Pitt-
street. - Burned out.
Henry Bull and Co., soft goods warehouse-
men, Pitt-street. - Front wall standing, but the
premises burned out.
LOSSES AND INSURANCES.
Later.
Messrs. Gibbs, Shallard, and Co., Henry
Bull and Co., Young and Lark, and Feldheim,
Gotthelf, and Co. have lost everything,
including their books and business papers.
The strongroom at the City Bank was not
injured, and all the securities, etc., have been
transferred to temporary offices which have
been taken higher up the street. Messrs.
Richardson and Wrench, auctioneers, have
saved their books and some of their records,
but a large number of plans belonging to
clients and some valuable memoranda col-
lected in the many years during which the
firm have been in business were destroyed.
As Mr. Wrench explains, these documents,
though having no market value, were
invaluable to him.
The following are the insurances effected on
the various places:- Gibbs, Shallard, and Co.,
£32,750; Henry Bull and Co., £146,500; Lark,
Sons, and Co., £104,550; Feldheim, Gotthelf,
and Co., £88,800; City Bank, £20,000;
Richardson and Wrench, £10,000 , Taylor and
Sons, £2050; Eldon Chambers, £14,000;
Lazarus, Aronson, £14,300; Southern Club,
£4000; Lawson, furnishing, £9000; Citizens'
Life Insurance Company's office, £5000; total,
£456,550.
AUCKLAND, October 2.
By the great fire in Sydney to-day, the Union
Insurance Company of New Zealand lose
£5500; the South British Company, £5000;
and the National Company, £4000.
RECEIPT OF THE NEWS IN BRISBANE.
The news that a terrible conflagration had
occurred in Sydney began to be known in Bris-
bane at a comparatively early hour yes-
terday, and before the usual time of
publication quite a crowd had gathered
in the vicinity of the Courier Building,
awaiting the issue of the Observer to learn the
details of the catastrophe. Insurance agents
were busily engaged making up lists of the losses
so far as their information enabled them to
do so, and the great fire was the all-
absorbing topic of conversation in every direc-
tion. Our correspondent has not sent us the list
of the insurance offices affected, and the
amounts of their losses; but as will be seen
from our telegram, which is confirmed
by one sent to an insurance agent in
town, the companies will lose altogether
over half-a-million. The total loss is estimated
at £800,000, so that something like £300,000
is uninsured. We are informed that of the
insurances £10,000 were covered by the Sun
Fix this textCompany; £4000 each by the Standard of New
Zealand and the National; and £8000 by the
United Insurance Company.
From the plan which we publish above
a good idea of the position of the fire may
be formed. Those who know Sydney will be best
able to appreciate the vast spread of the fire and
the immense loss it will involve upon the city.
Pitt and Moore streets, where most of the
buildings which are now destroyed stood,
have during the past few years
been almost entirely rebuilt, and formed
one of the finest views of city architec-
ture in Australia. The locality where the fire
occurred is between Moore-street and Hunter-
street, which run parallel between Pitt-street
and Castlereagh-street. The City Bank, which
has been destroyed, was one of the finest banking
buildings in Sydney, and stood on the corner
of Pitt and Moore streets. It was of freestone,
with a splendid front, and was one of the finest
features in Pitt-street.
Blobb
Werrington