When I ride, I wear a pair of Cordura pants.(plus the other usual gear
;-))...The pant tends to get very hot-- So I am investigating alternatives.
1. Leather , Bigger $, especially for the larger members of population.
Probably breathes better than cordura.
2. Cordura, Good, Light but I tend to leave puddles in the boots. (No
Incontinence jokes please)
3. Hemp. Seen some really tough hemp material cut into a jean style, very
strong, light & Breathable. Similar in strength to material that old
haversacks are made from. Cheap.
4. Denim. Who makes tough denim these days anyway ?
Q: Has anybody tried hemp pants/jeans ? Any ideas on their abrasion
resistance compared to cordura or leather or denim?
Andrew Dunne (Remove nospam from email address)
Honda CB250N (Merino) - vaguely(spell?) Italian sounding, but really a
sheep in sheep's clothing amongst a flock of sheep.
Andrew Dunne <adu...@nospam.labyrinth.net.au> wrote in article
<01bd0a81$83291ad0$3b4d19cb@ORCUS>...
> Time to De-Lurk.
>
> When I ride, I wear a pair of Cordura pants.(plus the other usual gear
> ;-))...The pant tends to get very hot-- So I am investigating
alternatives.
>
> 1. Leather ,
> 2. Cordura,
> 3. Hemp.
> 4. Denim.
Don't try and smoke any but the hemp, theyre bad for yer lungs....
Cheers
Welcome to the Mayhem :)
>
>When I ride, I wear a pair of Cordura pants.(plus the other usual gear
>;-))...The pant tends to get very hot-- So I am investigating alternatives.
>
>1. Leather
>2. Cordura
>3. Hemp.
>4. Denim.
I wear normal Denim jeans at normal speeds and leather pants at ride days
and when Its not too hot... Leather is really much better than almost
anything else but your right it's expensive and a pain to get on and off.
>
>Q: Has anybody tried hemp pants/jeans ? Any ideas on their abrasion
>resistance compared to cordura or leather or denim?
>
Sorry no... But I wouldn't recommend going to any where with a police check
on the entrance ;)
Geoff Hansford
Suzuki Bandit 1200 ABS (Doolan)
Hot and expensive, but short of synthetics with built in armour, the only
really protective gear you can get. In the last six months I've had two 80km/h
drops, and thanks to my leather jacket & pants I haven't lost a single
millimeter of skin. Try hunting the op shops; I got my jacket for $60 at Cash
Converters, and my pants for nothing when a friend bought a box of bike gear
for $20 at a garage sale (he got some quality gloves; the pants didn't fit
him, so he gave them to me.)
>2. Cordura, Good, Light but I tend to leave puddles in the boots. (No
>Incontinence jokes please)
I've heard of Cordura, but I've really got no idea what it is. Rubberised
canvas sorta thing maybe?
>3. Hemp. Seen some really tough hemp material cut into a jean style, very
>strong, light & Breathable. Similar in strength to material that old
>haversacks are made from. Cheap.
>4. Denim. Who makes tough denim these days anyway ?
Hemp would be stronger then denim, but still not really protective. If you're
gonna ride in jeans, then hemp'd be better than denim, but it'd only be
slightly. Denim wears through very quickly when sliding along the road at
80km/h, and even if it doesn't, it heats up so quick that it may as well have.
At a ride day at Goulburn recently, a guy came off his Paris/Dakar BMW wearing
jeans. It was on a dead-smooth racetrack, not a rough gravelly road, and he
would have only been sliding on the track for a fraction of a second before he
hit the dirt. Even though there were only small holes in his jeans (although a
large patch was worn very thin) he'd completely removed the skin from one side
of his butt. Try riding home on a Paris/Dakar BMW with no skin on your arse...
Mind you, I personally ride to work every day wearing thin wool/nylon office
pants...but if I'm doing any serious riding, I put the leathers on...
Craig Motbey
1983 Honda CM250 (Going to Canberra this afternoon)
Remove spamtrap (.diespamdie) from address to email.
.
>Q: Has anybody tried hemp pants/jeans ? Any ideas on their abrasion
>resistance compared to cordura or leather or denim?
>
>
Hi
From what I 've seen of hemp it is a fairly coarse material and would
offer a fair amount of friction with the road. This would possibly
cause it to fail fairly quickly. The other materials tend to be more
slippery and therefore slide for longer and not wear through.
I wear leather but have not tested it 's wear characteristics :).
Cordura from what is published is a good second choice.
Hope you dont test what you end up with.
cheers
Ken
>
>>4. Denim. Who makes tough denim these days anyway ?
>
Saw a TV item where somebody *here* (believe it or not!) is making
denim jeans with a wool inner layer.
Don't suppose it would be any tougher, but they quote at least 20%
warmer than normal denim, and more comfortable. Could be the go for
winter rides...
[Thinks of many indecent advertising slogans that the Kiwi's could use
:-)]
...And you'd be supporting local industry.
Dan Sayer '85 XJ600 Perth, Western Australia
dansayeratomendotcomdotau Member: DNRC
> Mind you, I personally ride to work every day wearing thin wool/nylon office
> pants...but if I'm doing any serious riding, I put the leathers on...
Well, I do hope you ride fairly seriously in the office pants, too! ;-)
Seriously, tho, I am facinated by the folk who seem to have a serious leather
fetish, to the extent that they can't imagine any sane person riding a
motorcycle without being encased in dead cow.
This may be OK for the "only on sunny Sundays" riders, but for day-to-day
bikers, it's just not sensible.
Leathers provide _some_ protection against one particular type of injury,
caused by sliding along the ground after falling (or being pushed) off a
travelling motorcycle.
Leathers do not protect you against many other possible ways of getting
maimed or killed while riding a motorcycle.
regards,
CrazyCam
Well in Shawns case it may be dead Kangaroo (G'Day Kanga Foo :)
>
>This may be OK for the "only on sunny Sundays" riders, but for day-to-day
>bikers, it's just not sensible.
Couldn't agree more (hmm I hope I'm not doing a me too)
>
>Leathers provide _some_ protection against one particular type of injury,
>caused by sliding along the ground after falling (or being pushed) off a
>travelling motorcycle.
err umm yess (getting worried)
>
>Leathers do not protect you against many other possible ways of getting
>maimed or killed while riding a motorcycle.
>
True (you rotten beggar, how am I supposed to avoid doing a me too if you
don't say anything I can disagree with ;)
OTOH Body armour which is found in racing style leathers can protect from
some sorts of back and joint injuries. But what would I know... the only
time I wear leather pants is on a ride day.
Still, it would be nice to have something on that offered the same level of
protection without the sauna effect, the last few weeks here in Brisbane
have been pretty bad. If anyone can suggest a practical alternative to the
jacket I'd like to hear of it.
--
Devo
SRV250, Duke 450 Special
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder,
- get it out with Optrex! Spike Milligan
Geoffrey Hansford <cas...@b140.aone.net.au> wrote in article
<67frge$r7f$4...@news.mel.aone.net.au>...
>1. Leather , Bigger $, especially for the larger members of population.
>Probably breathes better than cordura.
>2. Cordura, Good, Light but I tend to leave puddles in the boots. (No
>Incontinence jokes please)
My leather jacket doesn't breath, my cordura jacket breathes to the point
that my arms get cold in the morning. What brand of pants are they? Are
you sure they are cordura?
Brad
'93 R80 - Good Dog
'83 R80ST - Bad Dog
Stevo wrote:
> Still, it would be nice to have something on that offered the same level of
> protection without the sauna effect, the last few weeks here in Brisbane
> have been pretty bad. If anyone can suggest a practical alternative to the
> jacket I'd like to hear of it.
>
I don't know if this is a viable alternative, but it's the only way I can
travel in the heat of the last few weeks. I still wear the leather pants, but
am only wearing a leather vest and gloves. It means my arms are bare and I get
some wind as the vest is a lot more open than a jacket. Of course bigger risk
of arm injury if I take a tumble. Not sure how much bigger a risk though (and
don't want to find out first hand :-).
> > >
> > >Seriously, tho, I am facinated by the folk who seem to have a serious
> > leather
> > >fetish, to the extent that they can't imagine any sane person riding a
> > >motorcycle without being encased in dead cow.
> >
--
regards
russell cook
_________________________________________________
* All views expressed are my own. *
* You don't think anyone else, let *
* alone an organisation would have *
* views like this do you???? *
_________________________________________________
>Craig Motbey wrote:
>
>> Mind you, I personally ride to work every day wearing thin wool/nylon office
>> pants...but if I'm doing any serious riding, I put the leathers on...
>
>Well, I do hope you ride fairly seriously in the office pants, too! ;-)
>
>Seriously, tho, I am facinated by the folk who seem to have a serious leather
>fetish, to the extent that they can't imagine any sane person riding a
>motorcycle without being encased in dead cow.
>
>This may be OK for the "only on sunny Sundays" riders, but for day-to-day
>bikers, it's just not sensible.
>
>Leathers provide _some_ protection against one particular type of injury,
>caused by sliding along the ground after falling (or being pushed) off a
>travelling motorcycle.
>
>Leathers do not protect you against many other possible ways of getting
>maimed or killed while riding a motorcycle.
>
I'm one of the ones that doesn't wear leather pants, mainly owing to
the fact that being, shall we say, large, I would ressemble the cow
they come from. In all my years riding, I wear jeans genrally when
riding and out of several offs, I have only came with one case of
gravel rash, thou admittadly I was sliding along gravel after hitting
it about 120km, and most of the skin I took off was on my back (didn't
have a proper jacket then).
--
I choose to put my Sig block here!
Jamie,DOTFM#5 Have a day! :-|
http://www.users.bigpond.com/jawebb
jaw...@Bigpond.com
[...]
>Still, it would be nice to have something on that offered the same level of
>protection without the sauna effect, the last few weeks here in Brisbane
>have been pretty bad. If anyone can suggest a practical alternative to the
>jacket I'd like to hear of it.
As a traillie rider, I have pondered the possibility of MX body armour
under a typical MX shirt, or at least one of those Dainese "safety
jacket' type things under an MX shirt.
The hard armour components of both are appealing, and they are at
least designed for some sort of ventilation.
Mister_T
"On the open road, however, the KLR gets revenge by holding top honours
in outright speed." Two Wheels 4-way traillie comparo, April 1985
--
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\
| RC17 KLR600 FreeBSD 2.2.2-R NT4W(yerk) Roces BCN |
| tedp[at]replicant[dot]apana[dot]org[dot]au |
\|_________________________________________________________________|
I find that at normal commuting speeds I make a perfect 3 point
landing - 2 palms and a knee.
It's all about what risks you are willing to take. When I dropped
the Duke the leather jacket wasn't marked at all, but I had
a huge hole in my leg. Way beck when I lowsided the RD250,
the jacket had a wonderful scrape up the front and I tore my jeans
a little bit.
Wear what you feel happy and alert in. Yes, you may wish you had
been wearing more, but you will *never* be fully safe on a bike
and thinking "I'll be OK, I'm in my armoured leathers" is
just Volvo syndrome.
Zebee
For protection I prefer (in this order)
1) Leather - very good abrasive resistance
2) Cordura - jacket and pants have armour
3) Waxed cotton - not sure if the "newer" jackets are better of same as old
waxed cotton.
4) nothing - do not fool yourslf that denim has *ANY* protective ability.
It does not, but it is comfortable.
Denim does seem to keep some gravel rash at bay.
I did see a pair of jeans that had removable armour, this should put it
just below the cordura and above nothing for protection. These definately
make a fashion statement.
Not sure about the hemp... could be good when your stranded at Nimbin 8-)
cya
Geof
Norman Peters wrote:
> Andrew Dunne <adu...@nospam.labyrinth.net.au> wrote in article
> <01bd0a81$83291ad0$3b4d19cb@ORCUS>...
> > Time to De-Lurk.
> >
> > When I ride, I wear a pair of Cordura pants.(plus the other usual gear
> > ;-))...The pant tends to get very hot-- So I am investigating
> alternatives.
> >
> > 1. Leather ,
>CrazyCam wrote in message
>>Craig Motbey wrote:
>>
><SNIP>
>>
>>Seriously, tho, I am facinated by the folk who seem to have a serious
>leather
>>fetish, to the extent that they can't imagine any sane person riding a
>>motorcycle without being encased in dead cow.
>Well in Shawns case it may be dead Kangaroo (G'Day Kanga Foo :)
Well Kangaroo leather helps to support a local industry! :)
And Geoff, don't expect to come hopping along just cause you whistled
on a Gum leaf..
>>
>>This may be OK for the "only on sunny Sundays" riders, but for day-to-day
>>bikers, it's just not sensible.
>Couldn't agree more (hmm I hope I'm not doing a me too)
me too.. as in I hope you're not doing a me too.. ;)
For the record, I know at least two rides who regularly commute to work
each day and they dress in full leathers.
So it seems sensible to them..
>>Leathers provide _some_ protection against one particular type of injury,
>>caused by sliding along the ground after falling (or being pushed) off a
>>travelling motorcycle.
>>
>>Leathers do not protect you against many other possible ways of getting
>>maimed or killed while riding a motorcycle.
>>
>True (you rotten beggar, how am I supposed to avoid doing a me too if you
>don't say anything I can disagree with ;)
Yes is true, but what does?
The idea isn't eliminating all hazards but just reducing them.
When I had my first 'off' I was wearing jeans. My jeans now have holes
in the knees.. didn't slide too far.. my elbow came off worse and it had
a leather jacket on it. So whats the point? I forget.. :)
No no.. seriously.. if I had shorts and a t-shirt on, I'd be in more pain.
So I guess its another of these fuzzy line things.. I just draw the line
between jeans -> shorts..
And I'm yet to ride without a leather jacket.
Shawn (Kanga) Foo
>This may be OK for the "only on sunny Sundays" riders, but for day-to-day
>bikers, it's just not sensible.
You could wear a jacket every day tho (I did)...
>Leathers provide _some_ protection against one particular type of injury,
>caused by sliding along the ground after falling (or being pushed) off a
>travelling motorcycle.
>Leathers do not protect you against many other possible ways of getting
>maimed or killed while riding a motorcycle.
The funny thing is, if you DO survive all the other nasties like being
run over etc., it's those "little" injuries such as big scrapes, bruised
heels (caused by bad boots) and so on, that take *months* to heal and
are quite painful in their own right... And easily avoidable.
John
Bradley Gray <bra...@cia.com.au> wrote in article
<B0C1E515...@d26.cia.com.au>...
> In article <01bd0a81$83291ad0$3b4d19cb@ORCUS>,
> "Andrew Dunne" <adu...@nospam.labyrinth.net.au> wrote:
>
>
<SNIP?
Are you sure they are cordura?
>
Yes, they are cordura (Rivet Brand), but they have lining that is probably
the cause of the heating up. There is armour (removable) in the knees, on
the hips and a well padded high back. Because of my shape :-( , I also wear
a pair of braces (red :)) to keep them in the right place (Up) when I
_walk_ around in them. The lining is used to locate the armour.
>
> Brad
> '93 R80 - Good Dog
> '83 R80ST - Bad Dog
>
Andrew Dunne
CB250N - Merino
Just like to reinforce that bit about "_some_ protection".
..had a low speed spill on a gravel road while wearing leathers. The leather
grips so well on the road and my, inner clothes, that my skin moved over the
clothes and got the surface layers scraped off.
Bloody painful till the skin grew back, but better than various sorts of
dirt in your wounds, as you would get if your clothing wore through.
--
See you,
Tim Douglas Laverda, Bultaco
TheLoser"at"calvados.apana.org.au RZ350, XLV750
De-lurking to provide a little more information :)
We did a quick search through for any information about this a little
while ago - and am still looking for more info, by the way. We're (my
SO and I) both vegan, so alternatives to leather are a big deal for us.
One of the most informative things I found was a short write-up by a guy
in the UK, who apparently talked to a doctor who had been studying accident
statistics - if I find the URL again, I'll post it. The points that were
interesting (according to this doctor :):
1) most major injuries do not occur in the torso, but around the ankles.
Good boots, with good ankle protection, are a must, and good pants are
also important.
(course, if you take a torso injury, chances are it's going to be a big one :(
2) most of the 'armour plating' you find _inside_ jackets (you know, those
shoulder/elbow/back protectors) are dodgy: They either don't absorb the impact
as well as you'd expect (if it was going to break your bones, it probably
still will), and/or they have a tendency to place higher strains on the jacket
at their edges, often breaking the jacket where it might normally have survived.
As far as the alternatives to leather, Cordura seems to be the best option -
there are cordura/kevlar weaves and various other nifty things around now,
but they vary in quality. Check out your local BMW shop - they seem to make
some decent, if high-priced, items (in particular, the 'Calahari' jackets,
and a newer, denim-like, black jacket and pants set).
The rivet stuff looks OK, but not as high quality protection-wise as the
BMW stuff - they seem to be aiming for the all-weather market more than the
safety-conscious.
The big trick seems to be that leather has the best abrasive protection _and_
heat protection - synthetics can equal or even better leather in one class
or the other, but not generally both. And the Australian conditions seem to
be a little harsher re: heat than most places, which means your shopping
list is slightly limited.
YMMV, Caveat Emptor, and all that :)
(btw, vegan and all, we bought leather :( For the greenies out there,
Cordura is manufactured solely by DuPont - not the friendliest of companies
environmentally :(
---
Kevin Littlejohn dar...@bofh.net.au dar...@wantree.com.au
Wantree Internet Perth: 08 9221 8899 Adelaide: 1800-804-395
Perth, Western Australia 6000 Bike: BR250 fax: +61 89 221 8898
"Hours of frustration punctuated by moments of sheer terror" - a.s.r.
Hemp is much stronger than cotton (AKA denim) and is supposed to have
a much higher abrasion resistance.
Any one have any experience with hemp clothing?
_______________________________________
znark Mildura, Vic, UTC+1000
CB250RS PP#137
No.... but if you're sliding down the road, I'd position your nose so
you get the smoke!
Bry :)
--
Bryan Elston, K1100RS '94
Perth. Western Australia.
Remember, "If death persists, see your doctor....." :)
Make that three. I know the leather pants only protect against *some*
injuries, but that's one less thing to worry about if the worst happens.
(Although
I do wear jeans instead of leathers now and then.)
Considering that being knocked off my bike is becoming a major issue for
me, I think it's worth it. Is it just me, or have Melbourne drivers got
worse
over the last 6 months ? It seems like every week some idiot decides to
cruise up beside me, in my lane, while I'm doing 40 or 60 kph on the
street.
So much for the TAC ads, I guess...
Phil
Phil Burg wrote:
> Shawn Foo <sh...@tusc.com.au> wrote in article
> <67k8bm$j...@ephor.tusc.com.au>...
> > In <67frge$r7f$4...@news.mel.aone.net.au> "Geoffrey Hansford"
> <cas...@b140.aone.net.au> writes:
> >
> > >CrazyCam wrote in message
> > >>Craig Motbey wrote:
> > >>This may be OK for the "only on sunny Sundays" riders, but for
> day-to-day
> > >>bikers, it's just not sensible.
> >
> > >Couldn't agree more (hmm I hope I'm not doing a me too)
> >
> > me too.. as in I hope you're not doing a me too.. ;)
> >
> > For the record, I know at least two rides who regularly commute to work
> > each day and they dress in full leathers.
> > So it seems sensible to them..
>
> Make that three. I know the leather pants only protect against *some*
> injuries, but that's one less thing to worry about if the worst happens.
Make it four! So far I've not gone out on the bike without leather pants. I
do were a vest instead of the jacket but still keep gloves, helmet and pants
on for both short and long trips.--
regards
russell cook
+============================+
* All views expressed are my own. *
* You don't think anyone else, let *
* alone an organisation, would *
* have views like this do you???? *
+============================+
Well, this depends on how you define strength....
Hemp _is_ generally stronger fibre than cotton, but, the strength, in various
acpects, of a garment depends on more than just the base fibre.
> Any one have any experience with hemp clothing?
All the hemp garments that I have seen in the shops have been very
loose-weave, and probably much inferior to denim, a fairly close-weave, in
any protective sense.
BTW, this comment from someone who earns their living thru growing cotton,
and only ever grew hemp at an amateur level..... ;-)
regards,
CrazyCam
CrazyCam <Craz...@ar.com.au> wrote in article <34A9B4...@ar.com.au>...
> Bradley J. Kranz wrote:
> >
> > To throw another selection into the equation; What about hemp?
Have some Hemp shorts and they're the best I've got. Cool, comfortable and
have shown no sign of wear in two years fo rough and tumble
If you're worried about strength, hemp was heavily used throughout the war
years (only time it was legal to grow in the US) to make docking/anchor
ropes and the like as a substitute for cotton.
It's cheap to produce, has a very short harvest cycle and can be grown most
of the year round. Grows like a weed you might say.
Only draw back is it's illegal to grow even though commercially grown
plants are non-hallucinogenic. Experts suggest if it were legalised for
commercial use it would make the world cotton boom look like a pop. I'm
ready to invest.
> Only draw back is it's illegal to grow even though commercially grown
> plants are non-hallucinogenic. Experts suggest if it were legalised for
> commercial use it would make the world cotton boom look like a pop. I'm
> ready to invest.
I have heard this Hemp argument before. From all accounts flax is a
better option.
Richard
Geez, Geoff, what are you trying to do, undermine the whole fabric of
Australian civilisation as we know it?
If all the silly inconsistencies in our laws got fixed, we'd have all those
blood sucking lawyers starving to death. :-)
(We might even get by with a few less politicians, as well.)
Worse still, if the cotton industry got chopped down, I'd have to look for a
real job. :-(
regards,
CrazyCam
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder,
- get it out with Optrex! Spike Milligan
Justin Carman <just...@rivernet.com.au> wrote in article
<01bd179b$407f5ba0$216d6ccb@justin>...
<SNIP>
>
> Worse still, if the cotton industry got chopped down, I'd have to look for a
> real job. :-(
Not much chance if the only garments you can make out of hemp are as
"rough" as those you can get at Gowings. More like hessian :)
Richard
How are we going to make money growing it when it grows like a weed :)
Means that just about any country can grow it. Therefore very low
prices.
Richard
>Somewhere in Oz they're trialling cops of commercial hemp - SA or TAS I
>think.
They're doing a very small run of commercial (low THC) hemp down here
in Tassie, but I haven't heard much more about it for a while.
Copped the usual negative reaction from the redneck brigade down this
way.
Cheers
- - - - - - -
Kevin Gleeson
Imagine It
3D animation and graphics
Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
ke...@imagine-it.com.au
http://www.imagine-it.com.au
aus.motorcycles bike page
http://www.imagine-it.com.au/ausmoto
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
It's tempting... after we undermine present society, we could ban Ovlovs ;-)
>
>If all the silly inconsistencies in our laws got fixed, we'd have all those
>blood sucking lawyers starving to death. :-)
And your point is? ;-)
>
>(We might even get by with a few less politicians, as well.)
>
>Worse still, if the cotton industry got chopped down, I'd have to look for
a
>real job. :-(
Ah... we get to the heart of your argument!
Can't have you with no money to pay for your motorcycling can we... I
withdraw my suggestion :)
Richard Fay wrote in message <34AEFC...@ozemail.com.au>...
Value added products... and even if we don't then just a low price per ton
is not by itself reason enough not to grow it... Just mechanise the
harvesting and have large farms with a very low labour component (like the
wheat belt :)
> CrazyCam wrote:
>
> >
> > Worse still, if the cotton industry got chopped down, I'd have to look for
> > real job. :-(
>
> Not much chance if the only garments you can make out of hemp are as
> "rough" as those you can get at Gowings. More like hessian :)
(I can't believe I'm contributing to this thread.)
Don't worry it's not. The original cloth from Nime (in French "de Nime", now
abbreviated to "denim") was made out of hemp. Don't be fooled by the fact the
the flat earth movement are about the only people making cloth.
However this is all by the by. The really criminal waste is paper. Ever seen
one of those 19 century bible with the rich creamy paper, or the really fine
onion skin separators? Guess what that's made from! And now we're stuck with
this crap made from wood pulp! They can't even get a decent surface on that
stuff without clay. (Noticed how much harder it is to get newsprint to burn
since they started printing colour on it - it's the more bonded paper.)
Try offset printing with some of the cheaper grades (anyone remember valecote?)
and you're washing the buildup off the blanket every couple of thousand
impressions.
Give us back hemp based paper. Made from an annual crop, not even 20yo
plantation, let alone old growth forest. Fewer chemicals and additives in the
paper. Truly superior finish, tear resistance, beautiful to print on.
Ah fsck it, I need to go for a ride ...
Cheers
John
_--_|\ John Lamp, originating in Hobart, Tasmania
/ \ email: jw_...@calvados.apana.org.au
\_.--._/ APANA? email in...@apana.org.au
v <----<< CX500 Ulysses #10185 DoD #1906