Psychologist Adds Scientific Insight To Loaded Label Of 'Psychopath'
Up to 1% of the general population could be described as psychopathic
By Paroma Basu
basu1[AT]wisc.edu
Madison, Wisconsin -- For most people on the planet, the term
"psychopath" evokes thoughts of violence and bloodshed - and evil of
the darkest kind.
But during 25 years, a psychologist at the University of
Wisconsin-Madison has built a body of work that may help temper such
deeply ingrained perceptions.
Sure, people do commit horrific, unimaginable crimes. But does that
automatically mean they are psychopathic? And what is "psychopathy"
anyway? With unique research access to prison inmate populations in
Wisconsin, Joseph P. Newman (http://psych.wisc.edu/newman) has devoted
his career to answering such questions.
The proper understanding of psychopathy has implications for the
treatment of inmates everywhere - particularly for those who are
wrongfully labeled. Newman's work could also serve as the backbone of
new behavioral interventions that target psychopathic behaviors.
"My main concern is that the label (of psychopath) is applied too
liberally and without sufficient understanding of the key elements",
says Newman, who is chair of the UW-Madison psychology department. "As
a result, the term is often applied to ordinary criminals and sex
offenders whose behavior may reflect primarily social factors or other
emotional problems that are more amenable to treatment than
psychopathy".
But trying to alter stereotypes about a reviled segment of society has
been a long and uphill road. For one thing, prison studies are
notoriously difficult to do, as researchers must contend with a laundry
list of challenges such as issues of access and other constraints
related to the protection of inmate rights. The field of psychopathy is
also a contentious one, and Newman - who has put forward a provocative
theory about the condition - has consistently faced opposition from his
scientific peers.
> The scientist has persevered, however, demonstrating in study after study the potential merit of his claims. And during the years, Newman's patient, steady approach has earned the respect of top researchers in the field.
>
> "In looking back, I see (Newman) as one of the preeminent research scientists in the field - his work is ingenious, meticulous, methodologically sophisticated and driven by theory", says Robert Hare (http://www.hare.org), a leading psychopathy expert at the University of British Columbia. "I really think he's the top man in the area".
So who are psychopaths? Broadly speaking, they are people who use
manipulation, violence and intimidation to control others and satisfy
selfish needs. They can be intelligent and highly charismatic, but
display a chronic inability to feel guilt, remorse or anxiety about any
of their actions.
>
> Scientists estimate that 15-25% of men and 7-15% of women in U.S. prisons display psychopathic behaviors. The condition, however, is hardly restricted to the prison system.
>
Newman estimates that up to 1% of the general population could be
described as psychopathic. Surprisingly, many who fall into that
bracket might lead perfectly conventional lives as doctors, scientists
and company CEOs.
BUSH ??
> "Psychopathy appears to exist throughout the world and has probably existed throughout history", Newman says.
>
Behavioral specialists now use the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised
(http://www.mhs.com) - a diagnostic questionnaire created by Hare - to
detect psychopathy. But although there is finally consensus on the best
way to identify the condition, there is still a lot of disagreement on
why it occurs in the first place.
The dominant scientific model asserts that psychopathic individuals
are incapable of fear or other emotions, which in turn makes them
indifferent to other people's feelings.
> But Newman has a different idea entirely. He believes that psychopathy is essentially a type of learning disability or "informational processing deficit" that makes individuals oblivious to the implications of their actions when focused on tasks that promise instant reward. Being focused on a short-term goal, Newman suggests, makes psychopathic individuals incapable of detecting surrounding cues such as another person's discomfort or fear.
>
> In a study he repeated in different prison populations, for instance, Newman examined how quickly psychopathic and non-psychopathic individuals respond to a series of mislabeled images, such as a drawing of a pig with the word "dog" superimposed on it. Researchers flashed each image and then timed how long it took for subjects to name what they saw.
>
> Over and over again, Newman found that non-psychopathic subjects subconsciously stumbled on the misleading labels and took longer to name the images. But psychopathic subjects barely noticed the discrepancy and consistently answered more quickly.
>
> Newman says the result is one instance of how psychopathic individuals have difficulty processing peripheral cues, even when those cues are entirely obvious to everyone else. Furthermore, the study task didn't involve any of the emotions that people commonly associate with psychopathy, such as anger or a lack of fear. So the fact that psychopathic subjects barely noticed the wrongful labels - even in the absence of emotional cues - supports the idea that a psychological deficit might be at play.
>
> "People think (psychopaths) are just callous and without fear, but there is definitely something more going on", Newman says. "When emotions are their primary focus, we've seen that psychopathic individuals show a normal (emotional) response. But when focused on something else, they become insensitive to emotions entirely".
>
> Such studies certainly haven't been easy to do. Prison staff, space and financial resources are usually in short supply, and because inmate movements are restricted, Newman and his students routinely work under challenging time limitations. Still, the unwavering cooperation from the Wisconsin Department of Corrections (DOC) has far outweighed any problems. Indeed, the willingness of the DOC to grant him research access was one of the main reasons why Newman, a New Jersey native, decided to join the UW-Madison faculty in 1981.
>
> "The cooperation that exists between the Wisconsin DOC and my university project is unprecedented and enviable", says Newman. "Over the years, the project has involved thousands of inmates, prison staff, university research assistants and correctional officials. We have never had a negative incident or breach of confidentiality and I believe everyone has benefited from this collaboration and found it to be enjoyable".
>
> Dale Bespalec, the psychologist supervisor at the Milwaukee Secure Detention Facility, believes that Newman's work is crucial at a time when correctional authorities nationwide are struggling to understand the most effective ways to work with psychopathic individuals.
>
> "We need to know more about this population as it presents unique challenges to the prison system and our efforts at rehabilitation and treatment", he says. "Everything that we can learn (about psychopathy) can impact our attempts to change people's patterns of behavior. Newman's work is likely to impact the entire field and not just Wisconsin".
>
> But in order for psychopathy research to give rise to new behavioral treatment approaches, Newman says scientists need to get together, discuss ideas and continually challenge the status quo. "There has been a tendency to recycle the same intuitively appealing ideas rather than pursue critical tests of new ideas", he says.
>
> To help generate fresh discussion and debate, Newman and others recently founded the Society for the Scientific Study of Psychopathy, SSSP (http://www.psychopathysociety.org). The group, which has about 100 members, held its first international meeting in Canada last year.
>
> "In addition to attracting talent to the field, it is important for investigators to cooperate", says Newman. "We need to listen to each other to benefit from feedback, we need to acknowledge the importance of diverse questions, and we need to cooperate in communicating the importance of this significant mental health problem".
>
>
> http://www.news.wisc.edu/newsphotos/images/Newman_Joe_portrait06_9335_s.jpg
> For 25 years, professor of psychology Joe Newman has worked with the Wisconsin Department of Corrections to investigate the causes of psychopathic behavior. Contrary to conventional thinking, Newman's studies have suggested that psychopaths suffer from a type of attention deficit, which causes them to be oblivious to the repercussions of their actions when focused on short-term goals. In one test, shown behind Newman, the scientist asked inmates to identify mislabeled drawings, and found that psychopathic subjects saw the images but did not perceive the misleading word cues.
>
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> <DIV>
> <DIV>University of Wisconsin-Madison<BR>June 28, 2006<BR><BR>Psychologist Adds
> Scientific Insight To Loaded Label Of 'Psychopath'</DIV>
> <DIV> </DIV>
> <DIV>Up to 1% of the general population could be described as psychopathic</DIV>
> <DIV><FONT size=2></FONT> </DIV>
> <DIV><FONT size=2></FONT> </DIV>
> <DIV><FONT size=2>By Paroma Basu</FONT></DIV>
> <DIV><FONT size=2>basu1[AT]wisc.edu</FONT><BR><BR>Madison, Wisconsin -- For most
> people on the planet, the term "psychopath" evokes thoughts of violence and
> bloodshed - and evil of the darkest kind.</DIV>
> <DIV><BR>But during 25 years, a psychologist at the University of
> Wisconsin-Madison has built a body of work that may help temper such deeply
> ingrained perceptions.<BR><BR>Sure, people do commit horrific, unimaginable
> crimes. But does that automatically mean they are psychopathic? And what is
> "psychopathy" anyway? With unique research access to prison inmate populations
> in Wisconsin, Joseph P. Newman <FONT size=2>(</FONT><A href=""><FONT
> size=2>http://psych.wisc.edu/newman</FONT></A><FONT size=2>)</FONT> has devoted
> his career to answering such questions.</DIV>
> <DIV><FONT size=2></FONT><BR>The proper understanding of psychopathy has
> implications for the treatment of inmates everywhere - particularly for those
> who are wrongfully labeled. Newman's work could also serve as the backbone of
> new behavioral interventions that target psychopathic behaviors.</DIV>
> <DIV><BR>"My main concern is that the label (of psychopath) is applied too
> liberally and without sufficient understanding of the key elements", says
> Newman, who is chair of the UW-Madison psychology department. "As a result, the
> term is often applied to ordinary criminals and sex offenders whose behavior may
> reflect primarily social factors or other emotional problems that are more
> amenable to treatment than psychopathy".</DIV>
> <DIV><BR>But trying to alter stereotypes about a reviled segment of society has
> been a long and uphill road. For one thing, prison studies are notoriously
> difficult to do, as researchers must contend with a laundry list of challenges
> such as issues of access and other constraints related to the protection of
> inmate rights. The field of psychopathy is also a contentious one, and Newman -
> who has put forward a provocative theory about the condition - has consistently
> faced opposition from his scientific peers.</DIV>
> <DIV><BR>The scientist has persevered, however, demonstrating in study after
> study the potential merit of his claims. And during the years, Newman's patient,
> steady approach has earned the respect of top researchers in the field.</DIV>
> <DIV><BR>"In looking back, I see (Newman) as one of the preeminent research
> scientists in the field - his work is ingenious, meticulous, methodologically
> sophisticated and driven by theory", says Robert Hare <FONT size=2>(</FONT><A
> href=""><FONT size=2>http://www.hare.org</FONT></A><FONT size=2>)</FONT>, a
> leading psychopathy expert at the University of British Columbia. "I really
> think he's the top man in the area".</DIV>
> <DIV><FONT size=2></FONT><BR>So who are psychopaths? Broadly speaking, they are
> people who use manipulation, violence and intimidation to control others and
> satisfy selfish needs. They can be intelligent and highly charismatic, but
> display a chronic inability to feel guilt, remorse or anxiety about any of their
> actions.</DIV>
> <DIV><BR>Scientists estimate that 15-25% of men and 7-15% of women in U.S.
> prisons display psychopathic behaviors. The condition, however, is hardly
> restricted to the prison system.</DIV>
> <DIV> </DIV>
> <DIV>Newman estimates that up to 1% of the general population could be described
> as psychopathic. Surprisingly, many who fall into that bracket might lead
> perfectly conventional lives as doctors, scientists and company CEOs.</DIV><FONT
> size=2></FONT>
> <DIV><BR>"Psychopathy appears to exist throughout the world and has probably
> existed throughout history", Newman says.</DIV>
> <DIV><FONT size=2></FONT><BR>Behavioral specialists now use the Psychopathy
> Checklist-Revised <FONT size=2>(</FONT><A href=""><FONT
> size=2>http://www.mhs.com</FONT></A><FONT size=2>)</FONT> - a diagnostic
> questionnaire created by Hare - to detect psychopathy. But although there is
> finally consensus on the best way to identify the condition, there is still a
> lot of disagreement on why it occurs in the first place.</DIV>
> <DIV><BR>The dominant scientific model asserts that psychopathic individuals are
> incapable of fear or other emotions, which in turn makes them indifferent to
> other people's feelings.</DIV>
> <DIV><BR>But Newman has a different idea entirely. He believes that psychopathy
> is essentially a type of learning disability or "informational processing
> deficit" that makes individuals oblivious to the implications of their actions
> when focused on tasks that promise instant reward. Being focused on a short-term
> goal, Newman suggests, makes psychopathic individuals incapable of detecting
> surrounding cues such as another person's discomfort or fear.</DIV>
> <DIV><BR>In a study he repeated in different prison populations, for instance,
> Newman examined how quickly psychopathic and non-psychopathic individuals
> respond to a series of mislabeled images, such as a drawing of a pig with the
> word "dog" superimposed on it. Researchers flashed each image and then timed how
> long it took for subjects to name what they saw.</DIV>
> <DIV><BR>Over and over again, Newman found that non-psychopathic subjects
> subconsciously stumbled on the misleading labels and took longer to name the
> images. But psychopathic subjects barely noticed the discrepancy and
> consistently answered more quickly.</DIV>
> <DIV><BR>Newman says the result is one instance of how psychopathic individuals
> have difficulty processing peripheral cues, even when those cues are entirely
> obvious to everyone else. Furthermore, the study task didn't involve any of the
> emotions that people commonly associate with psychopathy, such as anger or a
> lack of fear. So the fact that psychopathic subjects barely noticed the wrongful
> labels - even in the absence of emotional cues - supports the idea that a
> psychological deficit might be at play.</DIV>
> <DIV><BR>"People think (psychopaths) are just callous and without fear, but
> there is definitely something more going on", Newman says. "When emotions are
> their primary focus, we've seen that psychopathic individuals show a normal
> (emotional) response. But when focused on something else, they become
> insensitive to emotions entirely".</DIV>
> <DIV><BR>Such studies certainly haven't been easy to do. Prison staff, space and
> financial resources are usually in short supply, and because inmate movements
> are restricted, Newman and his students routinely work under challenging time
> limitations. Still, the unwavering cooperation from the Wisconsin Department of
> Corrections (DOC) has far outweighed any problems. Indeed, the willingness of
> the DOC to grant him research access was one of the main reasons why Newman, a
> New Jersey native, decided to join the UW-Madison faculty in 1981.</DIV>
> <DIV><BR>"The cooperation that exists between the Wisconsin DOC and my
> university project is unprecedented and enviable", says Newman. "Over the years,
> the project has involved thousands of inmates, prison staff, university research
> assistants and correctional officials. We have never had a negative incident or
> breach of confidentiality and I believe everyone has benefited from this
> collaboration and found it to be enjoyable".</DIV>
> <DIV><BR>Dale Bespalec, the psychologist supervisor at the Milwaukee Secure
> Detention Facility, believes that Newman's work is crucial at a time when
> correctional authorities nationwide are struggling to understand the most
> effective ways to work with psychopathic individuals.</DIV>
> <DIV><BR>"We need to know more about this population as it presents unique
> challenges to the prison system and our efforts at rehabilitation and
> treatment", he says. "Everything that we can learn (about psychopathy) can
> impact our attempts to change people's patterns of behavior. Newman's work is
> likely to impact the entire field and not just Wisconsin".</DIV>
> <DIV><BR>But in order for psychopathy research to give rise to new behavioral
> treatment approaches, Newman says scientists need to get together, discuss ideas
> and continually challenge the status quo. "There has been a tendency to recycle
> the same intuitively appealing ideas rather than pursue critical tests of new
> ideas", he says.</DIV>
> <DIV><BR>To help generate fresh discussion and debate, Newman and others
> recently founded the Society for the Scientific Study of Psychopathy,
> SSSP (<A href="">http://www.psychopathysociety.org</A>). The group, which
> has about 100 members, held its first international meeting in Canada last
> year.</DIV>
> <DIV><FONT size=2></FONT><BR>"In addition to attracting talent to the field, it
> is important for investigators to cooperate", says Newman. "We need to listen to
> each other to benefit from feedback, we need to acknowledge the importance of
> diverse questions, and we need to cooperate in communicating the importance of
> this significant mental health problem".</DIV>
> <DIV><FONT size=2></FONT> </DIV>
> <DIV><FONT size=2></FONT> </DIV>
> <DIV><FONT size=2><A
> href="">http://www.news.wisc.edu/newsphotos/images/Newman_Joe_portrait06_9335_s.jpg</A></FONT></DIV><FONT
> size=2><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>
> <DIV align=left><FONT face=Arial size=3>For 25 years, professor of psychology
> Joe Newman has worked with the Wisconsin Department of Corrections to
> investigate the causes of psychopathic behavior. Contrary to conventional
> thinking, Newman's studies have suggested that psychopaths suffer from a type of
> attention deficit, which causes them to be oblivious to the repercussions of
> their actions when focused on short-term goals. In one test, shown behind
> Newman, the scientist asked inmates to identify mislabeled drawings, and found
> that psychopathic subjects saw the images but did not perceive the misleading
> word cues.</FONT></DIV></FONT></FONT>
> <DIV><FONT size=2></FONT> </DIV>
> <DIV><FONT size=2><A
> href="">http://www.news.wisc.edu/12688.html</A></FONT></DIV></DIV></DIV></BODY></HTML>
>
> ------=_NextPart_000_0036_01C6E088.42E006F0--
>100 % of Radical Muslims are psychopaths.
>
49% of statistics are made up on the spot.
--
Regards
David
fundamentalism (n.): fund = give cash to; amentalism = brainlessness
CHECK OUT THE POSTING HISTORY OF THE CLOWNS THAT REPLY
clearly australia has much higher rates of psychos , look at who they
elected to run the country
> 49% of statistics are made up on the spot.
That's 51%.
Rifty
--
Academic and Computing Help
http://rifty.net
>You can't argue with the truth.
>
When are _you_ going to produce some?
>David <faro...@picknowl.com.au> wrote:
>
>> 49% of statistics are made up on the spot.
>
>That's 51%.
>
>Rifty
Sorry! I was quoting a different source.
Are psychopaths born that way?
OR
Are they made that way by others
OR
Do they make themselves that way?
Also - can they move from a psychopathic orientation
to one of social responsiblility?
In 1975, I wanted a speedier remedial programme and
as a non-professional in this area,
I contacted Government Health authorities, Psychiatric professionals,
sections of the media, and schools.
At the media level there began and has continued to be for most of the
past 31 years
a statement of the conditions classified within the Mental
Illnesses.classification,
from minor to more major aspects.
It is one thing to be distressed, stressed, anxious, fearful etc.
It is a major matter when out of one's circumstances
one is prompted, either consciously of subconsciously,
to inflict injury and death onto another/others.
And when those behaviours are exhibited by young persons
of pre-adolescent and adolescent years the tragedy,
in one sense is even greater.
although it should be considered the same in any circumstances.
What are TV and computer crime programmes contributing to increases
in violent behaviours?
As a Mistress of Infants Departments in the 60's and first half of the
70's
I developed a trick way of questioning when boys were involved in group
fights
that worked in the former, but not in the latter years
which I assessed as due to 'Cop Shows' as they were called then.
Crime programmes now are involved with scientific forensic
investigations
that should send the message to those contemplating violent actions
that the Lab reports will convict sooner or later.
However, is the issue not basically on that side.
Is the issue one of lack of discipline in younger years and losing
moral standards,
as the crime rate in NSW, after decreasing from 1919
(with that previous high possibly due to infanticide when no
contraceptives were available)
to 1957 increased from that year to over 2 per 100 000 of the
population?
with apologies I have not checked statistics in more recent times)
If, what is called the Social Gospel of Jesus Christ is followed
ie Matthew 5 : 44
'Love your enemies, bless them that curse you,
Do good to them that hate you,
And pray for them who despitefully use you
and persecute you.'
is known and followed it is possible that the incidence of violent
behaviours
could be decreased in a much shorter time and at less community
financial expense
than is occurring now as the Psychiatric profession maintains
its exclusive right to manage these problems at the clinical level.
What is the evidence that at the home and community level
that these problems can be prevented from developing
without police and other similar programmes?
Gladys Swager
You have not answered any of the questions I put in my posting.
The point that I am making is that Prevention IS better than a cure /
hospitalisation or goal terms.
A point I didn't make in my previous posting is the issue
of whether the psychopaths' conditions and actions arose from
reinforced attitudinal & / or emotional states
OR
if they arose from neurological impairment
OR
a combination of both.
> swa...@ozemail.com.au wrote:
> > kangarooistan wrote:
>
> > > Arash wrote: University of Wisconsin-Madison, June 28, 2006
> Psychologist Adds Scientific Insight To Loaded Label Of 'Psychopath'
> Up to 1% of the general population could be described as psychopathic
> By Paroma Basu basu1[AT]wisc.edu
> > >
> > This is the more important question.
> > As the 'advocate of reform" in respect of Psychiatric treatments given
> > before 1975
> > - a title given me by a Sydney (Australia) newspaper journalist
> > I have followed quite a number of media programmes on these issues.
> >
> > Are psychopaths born that way?
> > OR
> > Are they made that way by others
> > OR
> > Do they make themselves that way?
> >
> > Also - can they move from a psychopathic orientation
> > to one of social responsiblility?
> >
> > In 1975, I wanted a speedier remedial programme and
> > as a non-professional in this area,
> > I contacted Government Health authorities, Psychiatric professionals,
> > sections of the media, and schools.
> > At the media level there began and has continued to be for most of the
> > past 31 years
> > a statement of the conditions classified within the Mental
> > Illnesses.classification,
> > from minor to more major aspects.
> >
In the years 1976 to 1987 an emphasis was in the media on Psychiatric
murderers
who had committed extremely shocking crimes.
While they horrified the majority of people in NSW
the stage was set for more research by Tertiary level professionals,
with the perception that only the most highly trained professionals
could and should manage the conditions.
WAS THAT ACTUALLY SO AND DOES IT CONTINUE TO BE SO?
OR
WAS IT A MEANS FOR PSYCHIATRISTS TO SAVE FACE AFTER
THIRTY YEARS OF THE USE OF ELECTRO CONVULSIVE SHOCK TREATMENTS
USED IN A FORM THAT ARE NO LONGER USED TODAY.
The Clinical Psychiatrists working with that treatment during those
years
could not be charged as they were following their training.
So it is not known the number and type of adverse consequences
and to what percentage of patients were affected from 1945 - 1975.
> > It is one thing to be distressed, stressed, anxious, fearful etc.
> > It is a major matter when out of one's circumstances
> > one is prompted, either consciously of subconsciously,
> > to inflict injury and death onto another/others.
> >
> > And when those behaviours are exhibited by young persons
> > of pre-adolescent and adolescent years the tragedy,
> > in one sense is even greater.
> > although it should be considered the same in any circumstances.
> >
> > What are TV and computer crime programmes contributing to increases
> > in violent behaviours?
> >
> > As a Mistress of Infants Departments in the 60's and first half of the
> > 70's
> > I developed a trick way of questioning when boys were involved in group
> > fights
> > that worked in the former, but not in the latter years
> > which I assessed as due to 'Cop Shows' as they were called then.
> >
> > Crime programmes now are involved with scientific forensic
> > investigations
> > that should send the message to those contemplating violent actions
> > that the Lab reports will give the evidence to convict sooner or later.
> >
> > However, is the issue not basically on that side?
> > Is the issue one of lack of discipline in younger years and losing
> > moral standards,
> > as the crime rate in NSW, after decreasing from 1919
> > (with that previous high possibly due to infanticide when no
> > contraceptives were available)
> > to 1957 increased from that year to over 2 per 100 000 of the
> > population?
> > with apologies I have not checked statistics in more recent times)
> >
> > If, what is called the Social Gospel of Jesus Christ is followed
> > ie Matthew 5 : 44
> > 'Love your enemies, bless them that curse you,
> > Do good to them that hate you,
> > And pray for them who despitefully use you
> > and persecute you.'
> > is known and followed it is possible that the incidence of violent
> > behaviours
> > could be decreased in a much shorter time and at less community
> > financial expense
> > than is occurring now as the Psychiatric profession maintains
> > its exclusive right to manage these problems at the clinical level.
> >
> > What is the evidence that at the home and community level
> > that these problems can be prevented from developing
> > without police and other similar programmes?
> >
> > Gladys Swager
> > > <snipped = go back to thread 1 in this topic for details of Psychiatric research.>
No wonder Howard loves them
and wants them as our masters and role models
howard is a sicko
snipped
Although about 1% of worlds population have sociopath personalities (a
person with an antisocial personality disorder. Psychopath' was once widely
used but has now been superseded by 'sociopath) but they are smart enough
not to act out on their thoughts.
Take a look at there upper levels of companies & corporations where social
responsiblity is traded off in order increase profits.
I reckon that if you are always being a mongrel to your fellow human and can
still get a good nights sleep, the chances are you are a sociopath.
Have a look at Telstras new boss Sol Trujillo's track record!
"Muck Raker" <z...@igod.com> wrote in message
news:d3oUg.40494$rP1....@news-server.bigpond.net.au...
And the rest are made up later. 14% of people know that.
Fran