AIDA 64 EXTREME EDITION SERIAL 64 Bit
Sharif Garmon
AIDA64 Extreme is an industry-leading system information tool, loved by PC enthusiasts around the world, which not only provides extremely detailed information about both hardware and installed software, but also helps users diagnose issues and offers benchmarks to measure the performance of the computer.
N2 - Technology scaling has brought forth major issues related to process variation such as circuit stability and reliability degradation, which are especially problematic for the Static Random Access Memories (SRAM). An accurate and fast estimation of memory reliability is required to ensure its correct operation under extreme conditions. For this reason, several metrics have been proposed, such as the Static Noise Margin (SNM), to evaluate the stability of the SRAM cell under static noise; and the Soft Error Rate (SER), to evaluate the reliability of the memory under radiation. While accurate in predicting the memory reliability, the cell's SER estimation requires lengthy simulations for each cell configuration. On the other hand, a single simulation is necessary to estimate its SNM. For this reason, in this paper we analyze the possibility of using the classical SNM as a first estimator of SRAM cell's reliability under neutron radiation while its transistors are affected by random threshold voltage (V th ) variation. A study based on stability sensitivity analysis to V th variations leads to a new way of evaluating the SNM metric used to achieve high correlation between SNM and SER.
AB - Technology scaling has brought forth major issues related to process variation such as circuit stability and reliability degradation, which are especially problematic for the Static Random Access Memories (SRAM). An accurate and fast estimation of memory reliability is required to ensure its correct operation under extreme conditions. For this reason, several metrics have been proposed, such as the Static Noise Margin (SNM), to evaluate the stability of the SRAM cell under static noise; and the Soft Error Rate (SER), to evaluate the reliability of the memory under radiation. While accurate in predicting the memory reliability, the cell's SER estimation requires lengthy simulations for each cell configuration. On the other hand, a single simulation is necessary to estimate its SNM. For this reason, in this paper we analyze the possibility of using the classical SNM as a first estimator of SRAM cell's reliability under neutron radiation while its transistors are affected by random threshold voltage (V th ) variation. A study based on stability sensitivity analysis to V th variations leads to a new way of evaluating the SNM metric used to achieve high correlation between SNM and SER.
The urban environment is stressful and trees experience multiple stresses, including drought, flooding, and extreme heat, all of which are likely to increase under future climate warming and increasing urbanisation. In the selection of tree species to maximise ecosystem services, tolerance to site characteristics such as flooding and severe drought is of critical importance. This study evaluated the suitability of a rare species, Mims subcordata C.A. Mey (Caucasian alder) from the Hyrcanian forests of southern Azerbai-jan, for its functionality as an urban tree.A total of 48 pot-grown, two-year-old saplings of A. subcordata were tested in a greenhouse experiment using a complete randomised block design. Each block contained four replicates of three treatments (waterlogging, drought, control), with 16 plants per treatment. Height differences between treatments were measured, and water status was estimated by determination of midday leaf water potential (psi(L)) and stomatal conductance (g(s)). To estimate drought tolerance reaction in the treatments, leaf water potential at turgor loss (psi(P0)) was used together with broken-stick modelling of water status over time.A. subcordata plants showed no height increase, while plants in both the waterlogged and control treatments increased in height during the nine-week experiment. Over 63 days of flooding, plant water status was slightly more negative in the waterlogging treatment, but did not deviate essentially from the control. In the drought treatment, plant water status rapidly deviated from the control. There was a significant difference in psi(P0) between treatments, with drought-treated plants showing the lowest value (-2.31 MPa).This study demonstrated that A. subcordata has limited tolerance to drought and seems to rely more on water loss-avoiding strategies. However, the species may be usable at periodically waterlogged sites, due to its high tolerance to flooding. It could therefore be recommended for wet urban environments and stormwater management facilities, for which reliable guidance on suitable trees is currently lacking.
Despite this ruling, we sympathize with the plight of policemen, who are daily confronted with criminals, often very dangerous ones. We recognize that the consequences of doing nothing can be as grave as those of acting, especially in a world where split-second, life-or-death decisions are constantly made. Still, a majority of the Supreme Court has held that no matter how extreme the difficulty in determining an appropriate course, the decision maker remains responsible for his choice. We are bound to hold officers of the law to the highest standards and to punish even the bravest when they fail to satisfy them. This is the civilized standard by which we are guided.
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