Forming a formidable coaching trio alongside fellow assistant Mike Tammaro, the three bench bosses guided Covenant Christian to wins in each of their first four games this season. A flu outbreak made things difficult for a stretch, but the Cougars eventually got healthy and hit their stride en route to the second place league finish.
Although some Delaware courts have been reluctant to blue pencil restrictive covenants in the employment context, courts applying Delaware law have generally not had to consider whether to exercise their discretion for sale-of-business non-competes since those have typically been enforced. Indeed, the plaintiff in Kodiak noted that the restricted individual could not point to a single case where Delaware had struck down a sale-of-business non-compete.
In April and December of last year, the Appellate Division, First Department issued decisions enforcing noncompetition provisions against sellers who continued as employees of the buyer after selling their interests in a business acquired by the buyer. In the first of these decisions, Bruderman Bros., LLC v. Goldberg, 193 A.D.3d 478 (1st Dept. 2021), the seller sold his investment business to the buyer for millions of dollars and agreed to continue as the chief executive officer of the business after the sale, subject to a nationwide noncompete provision contained in the purchase agreement (incorporated by reference into seller's employment agreement) that ran through the later of six years from the date of closing or two years from the date of separation of employment with the buyer. After four years of employment, the buyer terminated seller from employment and sought an injunction against seller for alleged attempts by the seller to poach buyer's clients and employees and other actions that buyer alleged violated the restrictive covenants in the purchase agreement. Seller's primary defense was that he was unlawfully terminated based on discrimination and that he had not poached any clients, but had personal relationships with them that he believed would cause them to follow him to his new business venture. In issuing its injunction against seller, the trial court found that the large amount of consideration paid to seller in the business sale, along with buyer's prima facie pleading of allegations that seller was attempting to poach the buyer's customer base and valued employees, justified enjoining the seller from his actions to maintain the status quo while arbitration on the merits of the parties' claims proceeded. The First Department upheld the injunction based on a finding that the geographic scope and duration of the noncompetition provisions (nationwide and a maximum of six years or two years after separation from employment) were reasonable in light of the significant sum received by the employee through the sale of his business and employment. On appeal, the First Department also noted that seller's services were unique and extraordinary, perhaps in recognition of seller's argument regarding his personal relationships with buyer's clients. Interestingly, neither the trial court nor the First Department placed much weight on the fact that the employee was terminated involuntarily, which courts will factor into the enforceability analysis in the employment agreement context. Nor did either court parse the covenant that ran from the end of employment from the covenant that ran from closing (as some courts have done), presumably because the covenants both derived from the purchase agreement and were incorporated into the employment agreement only by reference.
Similarly, in Newmark Partners L.P. v. Hunt, 200 A.D.3d 557 (1st Dep't 2021), the First Department reviewed and upheld an injunction issued by the trial court against the sellers of a real estate brokerage. In Newmark, three Colorado-based real estate brokers became employees of the buyer after the buyer purchased the brokers' interests in their former real estate brokerage for an aggregate amount of $1,500,000. Under the purchase agreement, which was governed by Delaware law, the three brokers agreed to a global noncompetition agreement that prohibited them from competing directly with the buyer for two years following their termination of employment, or for one year if they left employment with the buyer after performing at least seven years of service. The brokers worked for the buyer for six and a half years prior to resigning from employment with the buyer and joining a competitor along with five other employees of buyer whom the brokers induced to leave. The brokers argued that their six-year tenure as employees of buyer was sufficient time for the buyer to reap the goodwill stemming from the purchase of their former company and rendered the noncompetes unenforceable. In issuing an injunction, the trial court found that the equities favored the buyer because the brokers breached their agreements with knowledge of the consequences, they received millions of dollars in equity and loans from the competitor they joined along with a promise of employment even if the restrictive covenants were enforced, and the brokers poached five of buyer's employees on their way out the door. Notwithstanding these findings, the trial court used its discretion to narrow the geographic scope of the noncompetes from an overly broad worldwide scope to a narrower scope within Colorado only, and their duration from two years to one year. In affirming the injunction, the First Department rejected sellers' argument that the revenue they generated for buyer during employment and the equity and compensation they forfeited by leaving for the competitor was sufficient to compensate buyer for any loss of goodwill occasioned by their departure. The court reasoned that a noncompetition provision could still be enforced even after a long period of employment by sellers because of the irreparable harm that the sellers' competition would do to the goodwill of the buyer. Similar to the Bruderman Bros. case, the court clearly viewed the sellers' actions as brazen and unfair competition.
These cases reinforce the need for a sophisticated approach to the drafting and enforcement of restrictive covenants that arise from deals. Noncompetition agreements related to the sale of a business are permissively enforced, but drafters must focus on the specific circumstances of each seller, and tailor covenants with precision to ensure they are reasonably definite in their terms. Employers are highly encouraged to contact the authors of this article or any other attorney in Venable's Labor and Employment Group with questions regarding the drafting, negotiation, and enforcement of noncompetition agreements.
Last Thursday, the trio of Democrats interrupted a floor session by using a megaphone to call for more gun control, days after a shooter killed six people, including three 9-year-olds, at a Nashville private school.
In light of the recent decision of the Foreign Mission Committee and Doon PRC, the calling church, to release Missionary-pastor R.Smit honorably from his labors in the Philippines, Doon PRC's Council has formed a trio from which to call a new missionary to labor with Missionary-pastor D.Kleyn in the Philippines.
The Parker Trio was a Southern Gospel music group founded in 1995. The group originated from Pickering, Ontario but was based in Nashville, Tennessee and most of its performances were in the US. The group initially consisted of Warren Parker, his wife Shannan Parker, and Vanessa Young.[1] In 2004, Young left the group and was replaced by Angie White, whose husband Brandt White was their tour bus driver and sound technician.[2] On January 8, 2006, Warren Parker was struck by a truck and killed while touring with the trio in South Carolina.[3][4]The group released five CDs, including a live concert DVD, recorded in Havana, Illinois.[5] Their albums won several Gospel Music Association of Canada Covenant Awards and Shai Awards.[citation needed] While on tour, the group ministered in churches, and many different types of venues, including many prisons and drug rehabilitation centres; they were known to perform as many as 260 concerts a year.
Carey and his covenanted partners, Joshua Marshman and William Ward, pledge first to build up and watch over the souls entrusted to them, to spend time with them daily, and with great patience to see them thoroughly grounded in the foundation of their hope. But the practical must go with the spiritual: they must help them into habits of industry and to find jobs with the least danger of temptation.
This meant translation (in time, Carey and his team would translate the gospels into forty Indian languages and dialects, in addition to Christian tracts) and publication, for which they had their own printing press, run by William Ward. Over and above this, the missionaries covenant to explain and distribute, and to excite attention and reverence for, the Word of God.
Section 10 is a commitment to fervent, believing prayer, both individual and corporate. The concluding section 11, however, is anything but traditional missionary fare! It is a passionate recommendation of common purse Christian community living (the Bible, Acts 2:42), and a withering blast against any lessening of covenant commitment or a turning back to selfish, independent ways. Let us give up ourselves unreservedly to this glorious cause. Let us never think that our time, our gifts, our strengths, our families, or even the clothes we wear, are our own.
It is this formal, solemn and very human pledge of covenant that makes the Serampore mission both different and compelling. High standards indeed, but they were crowned with success. If we are enabled to persevere [in these principles], we may hope that multitudes of converted souls will have reason to bless God to all eternity for sending His gospel into this country. And succeed they did, as these links eloquently show.
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