Hi Ben,
Most vasp settings like ENCUT are set by the VaspInputSet object which is an input to get_slab_fw. This is an object in pymatgen that encodes INCAR settings, POTCAR settings, etc. Unfortunately explaining these objects is beyond the scope of this help list, and it is admittedly a little complicated, but you want to look in
pymatgen.io.vasp.inputs.py. If you have trouble you can try contacting pymatgen support.
Another thing you can do as a "hack" is simply to use the powerup:
atomate.vasp.powerups.add_modify_incar
after creating your workflow. Feed in your original workflow to that function, with modify_incar_params set to something like {"incar_update": {"ENCUT": 800}}. It should add a new FireTask into your workflow that will modify the INCAR after writing out with the default parameters but before actually running VASP