A browser hijacker changes settings in your browser. If you find that your search page or home page setting has changed, you might have a hijacked browser. Browser hijackings are a nuisance because they often replace your free search service with a fee-based or otherwise unfamiliar search page. In addition, they can send you to offensive pages, such as porn sites.
Phishing programs use fake Web sites and e-mails (spam) to trick users into giving out private information like credit card numbers, account user names and passwords, and Social Security numbers. Phishers lure users to harm by mimicking the names and appearance of trusted Web sites and organizations. Once users feel safe, they often unwittingly give up personal information to the "phishers."
Fortunately, in response to spyware threats, a growing number of programs, services, and procedures are available. Many of these are free, and they can help keep your Web space running smoothly. Some sites like Spykiller.com allow you to scan your machine for spyware free but charge a fee to unlock the removal feature of their product.4 These services help in identifying problems, but other solutions are available at a lower cost, though they are not always as comprehensive.
Still, some spyware programs require more specialized methods of prevention and removal, like manual adjustments of computer settings or the program directory (accessed through the Add and Remove programs in Windows) to clear spyware from the local machine. To address this need, sites like 2-Spyware.com provide free step-by-step instructions for removing spyware, particularly those spyware programs that require manual adjustments to the computer registry.9
There are many reasons to fear a spyware infestation in your library and university Web systems. But with the proper tools, prevention processes, and a bit of common sense, you can make the fight a lot more effective. The following points can help practitioners keep spyware issues in perspective.
Time can be both a blessing and a curse when dealing with spyware. On one hand, a single spybot will rarely disrupt work enough initially to cause an immediate slowdown in computer performance. Nor will it cause an immediate shutdown of your machine in most cases, like some computer viruses do. This delay of onset can give the systems librarian time to research and remove spyware from the system.
This list highlights some of the most common symptoms, but is far from complete. As technology marches on, spyware developers are creating more pests, and users are becoming aware of still more symptoms. For example, the Intranet Journal Online warns against insidious "Noises, Bells, and Whistles," where Trojan-horse programs can put a poltergeist into your machine. Hard drives spin for no data-driven purpose, and mysterious icons appear in the system tray.11 Further, GetNetWise cautions computer users to watch for misuse of 900 numbers reviewing telephone charges. Notice any questionable toll calls lately? A new evil on the spyware front, 900 dialers will disconnect your Internet session and redial toll numbers through the machine without your knowledge.12
The best practice, though, is a routine maintenance schedule using a variety of spyware removal tools and methods, similar to the virus prevention measures taken in most library systems now. If you are an educational or instructional technologist responsible for all your school or departmental Web systems, you may have the authority to conduct this maintenance on your own. If you are part of a larger organization, check first to see what policies your library, school, or university have for detecting and preventing spyware. If there are none currently in place in your organization (or home), I suggest a few measures:
Dell recently partnered with the Internet Education Foundation to develop the Consumer Spyware Initiative, a campaign to raise public awareness about spyware in the Internet community, with the goal of reaching 63 million Internet users.15 Regarding spyware issues in higher education, a quick MSN Web search for "spyware and university" returns a number of results reflecting measures being taken across the country at institutions such as Duke University, Marquette University, Howard University, and the University of Wisconsin, among others.16 So, for now, the best practice for prevention may be advancing free, open source solutions and an extra degree of vigilance and maintenance for our systems at home.