Hatshepsut--论文代写范文精选

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下面请看51due论文代写网精选代写范文：“Hatshepsut”这篇论文讲述了哈特谢普苏特，她过着非常富裕的生活，作为埃及的法老王的女性之一。她接替丈夫作为法老，作用于代表她一步儿子，图特摩斯三世。她不停地做具体项目，使她的名字将永远在埃及历史上的一个积极的方式被记住。

Introduction “Come to me in peace, daughter of my loins, beloved Ma’atkare, thou art the king who takes possession of the diadem on the Throne of Horus of the Living, eternally.” In the Ancient Egyptian world, there lived a most prominent female figure, Hatshepsut. Hatshepsut lived a very prosperous life as one of Egypt’s female Pharaohs. She succeeded her husband as the Pharaoh, and acted on the behalf of her step son, Thutmose III. She kept doing specific projects so that her name will always be remembered in a positive way in Egyptian history. With her advancement in architecture, trade relations, and overall control of the country, she did more than any man could have possibly thought of. Before Her Reign Hatshepsut lived during the New Kingdom, but ruled in the 18th Dynasty. The New Kingdom refers to the combining of the Upper Egypt and the Lower Egypt. A dynasty is measured by the length of time a consistent family rules over Egypt. The year of her actual birth is unknown, but it is speculated by many scholars and archaeologists to be as early as 1490 in the city of Thebes. The royalty of her mother, Ahmose was related somehow to the second Pharaoh of the New Kingdom, Amenhotep I . Her birth is said to be divine do to the supposed impregnation of Ahmose by the god, Amen-Re, which can be seen depicted on the walls of her temple located at Djeser-Djeser. It is unknown if her father, Thutmose I, was actually appointed Pharaoh before her birth, but whatever his relationship to Amenhotep I, he succeeded him, and became one of the most powerful Pharaoh’s that Egypt had ever seen. During her childhood, she would have been pampered greatly.

In the harem; where the prominent women of the kingdom lived with their children, she would have played with all the little kids. She would have gone to school by the age of four, indifferent that it was only males going at this time, considering the fact that she was of high social standings. Her father and mother had one girl prior to Hatshepsut, but she had passed away at the age of five. The couple themselves did not bear any sons. Thutmose I had sons with many of the lesser of the wives, but only one was to survive, Thutmose II. Like many children of the royal family, Hatshepsut was forced to marry her half brother, Thutmose II, a child of her father from a consort of his. At the time of their marriage, neither one had reach the age of maturity. During their marriage, they conceived one child, a girl by the name of Neferure, and many historians believe that they had another daughter, Merite. But there was no mention of them having a son of there own, but he did have one with a lesser wife of the harem, Lady Isis, Thutmose III. After her father’s death, Thutmose II was coroneted as Pharaoh with Hatshepsut becoming The King’s Great Royal Wife. Thutmose II’s reign was often thought of as a very peaceful event, as he concentrated on more things than warfare. During Her Reign By the year 1497 B.C Thutmose II had died, after a reign of three to 15 years, leaving the throne empty. There were many questions of who would become king after Thutmose II. Hatshepsut had more experience and the most royal blood, but she was a female, and it was often unheard of for a woman to become a fully ruling king of Egypt. The most likely candidate was the King’s son, Thutmose III, but seeing as he was only a child when his father had died, he would need a regent-someone to rule on his behalf until he was able to do so himself, and this is where Hatshepsut started her very successful career. For years, Hatshepsut acted as the typical regent would, but there were signs of her beginning transformation.

There was no doubt to anybody, not even Hatshepsut herself that Thutmose III would be fully recognized as king of Egypt, even if he was so very young. During the first few years after the King’s death, she depicted herself through the traditional role that was expected of her, to stand behind the Pharaoh, making no move to be proclaimed as pharaoh herself. The beginning of the transformation started with the purchasing of the pair of obelisks that stand at the gateway to the Karnak temple. As the time flew by, Hatshepsut would have been considering the alternatives to such kingship. If he was to die an early death, the throne would once again be passed onto another family, and she could not let that happen. Thutmose III had no real say in the government, but as he grew older, he could have full control over the people of the court. But she could stop this from coming true, and therefore would keep the rule of Egypt in her own family. Even though there is no accurate record of when she came to obtain the throne, it is reflecting as being by the seventh regnal year of Thutmose III , when things really started to change. Her very image changed, as the power of her name got bigger and bigger. Before the proclamation of becoming king, she appears in art as being slender and feminine, but as she became more powerful, she was increasingly being depicted as a man. She made no attempts to pretend that she was a man, but she was always surrounded by elite men, who would have known that she was a woman herself, so she really didn’t fool anybody. Although she did not proclaimed herself as king, she wanted to make a point that even if she was woman, she had the power and attributes that anybody would need to keep the power in her own lineage, so by the time Thutmose III was old enough he could continue on after her. Hatshepsut’s reign held prosperity in many aspects. She made great advancements in the government, surrounding herself with loyal administrators with political and religious backgrounds. This was to show the great responsibility and strength that she held within the government and the people that she ruled. She held great reliance with Senenmut, Hapuseneb, and Thuty. Senenmut was the tutor and was expected to guide Neferure. He was also held in her highest regards, being often said to be Hatshepsut very own consort. http://www.51due.com/writing/more/sample43675.html

Hapuseneb was the head of the priesthood, who supported her acceptance of the gods, and Thuty was the advisor to her great fortune. The role of the Great Royal Wife was occupied by her daughter, Neferure. It was often thought that the given position of Great Royal Wife would be training marriage that would eventually occur between both Neferure and Thutmose III. Hatshepsut’s reign went on, as did her outstanding achievements, beginning with the tremendous monument-building program. They were suppose to show the acceptance of the gods, and were widespread throughout Egypt. It started with her vast mortuary temple at Deir el Bahri. One of the amazing constructions were the four gigantic obelisks at Karnak. They were taken from quarries in Aswan, carved and then transported to holy Karnak temple. After the completion of these obelisks, Hatshepsut and her priests used the huge monuments for ceremonial rites, and sacrifices. This was used to show the people of Egypt the connection that she claimed to have with her father Amen, as she supposedly took claim to her birthright. Later on after her death, three of the obelisks eventually fell, and today only the bottom of one remaining is still standing, while one last brilliant structure stands complete and pure. Another one of her huge monumental building was the gateway entrance into Karnak. This gateway is known to be the eight pylon and was used as the entrance to the great religious complex during her reign on the throne. Another one of her many projects was the restoration of many destroyed temples throughout Egypt that the Hyksos destroyed. She never undermined herself for the great work that she had accomplished and she was always looking towards the future, and other accomplishments that she could elsewhere conceive. One of the greatest explorations of her reign was the expedition to Punt. In 1475 she traveled to the mysterious land that lay on the banks of the Red Sea, on the Eastern part of the African continent. This exploration would prove to the Egyptian people the power that she held, and that she was truly the right person to rule over the beautiful land. The main goal of this expedition was exploration and trade, being as Punt was labelled the “Terrace of Incense” and “God’s Land”. The focus was to bring elaboration and beautiful ornaments for Hatshepsut’s mortuary temple, as well as incense for ritual offerings to Amen. The trade between the two nations went effortlessly, and showed the people of Egypt both strength and the competence government that she had ruled.

 There is some evidence of Hatshepsut waging wars on other countries. During this time there would have been many other nations who would have wanted to go against the great Egyptian empire, but few rarely did. But there is some evidence to suggest that there was some sort of military unit in place during Hatshepsut’s reign. After the exploration to Punt, Hatshepsut did not need to prove any longer that she was suppose to be the true leader of Egypt. With the safe return of her ships from this mysterious land, it proved to the people of the kingdom that this king wanted to bring prosperity and riches to the people.

Even though many other pharaohs before her had ventured into the mysterious land, Hatshepsut would be the first to do so in the New Kingdom. This safe journey brought the lasting effect, as many pharaoh’s after her would also travel to the land to continue with this everlasting trade agreement. After Her Death The many achievement of this women would remain, as many thought, forever. She was the first women in Egyptian history to rule over the land for such a great length of time, serving for twenty years, or more. She was capable of doing things that many men before her could not do, but that meant very little after her death. In her mortuary temple at Djeser-Djeseru archaeologist excavated more than 200 statues in her temple, mirroring her image, but there seemed to be a problem. Many of the statues had been destroyed somehow. Some with their face scratched off, while others were attempted to be covered over with the image of someone else . Many people did not know who would do such a thing, but the blame fell back onto her step-son, Thutmose III. Many scholars believe that Thutmose III, angered at being denied the throne for so long, had tried to abolish his step-mothers memory. But there were no such findings that would suggest that this man was ever enraged at the great women , who ruled in place of him when he could not. There was evidence however, to suggest that he stood behind his step-mother in such a time. During his co-regent, he was the general of one of her armies. Being well endured with a military background became very useful when he had taken over the throne. After her death, Thutmose III took over without many problems. It was often thought that the destruction done to Hatshepsut’s statues and temples was a cause to hold the throne for Thutmose III’s son, Amenhotep II. With his son barely holding any of the royal blood, it was thought that the destruction was to make sure that he would become king after his father would passed away. At the very end of his reign the elimination of Hatshepsut name came very literary. He might have wanted to ward off the chance of any other women becoming King in the future, because Hatshepsut proved that a woman could do a job, just as a man could. Or it was a chance to rewrite the past. The statues at Deir el-Bahari were torn down. The sculptures and pictures depicting her being king were scratched off, but the ones showing her as the King Holy Wife were left untouched. The destruction came very late in his reign, and it is unclear why it happened. Egyptologists believed it was damnatio memoriae, the deliberate erasure of a person’s name, image and memory, which would cause them to die a second, terrible and permanent death in the afterlife. The erasure had only caused the most visible and accessible images to be erased. This leads many scholars to believe that Thutmose III was for many years an unwilling co-regent, and was determined to get revenge on the woman who had sunk him into the shadows. A tragic end became of the great king.

After her death, she would not be placed in her royal mortuary temple that she spent so long perfecting. She would be placed in the tomb of a lesser woman, left in the position of royalty on the floor. It is unclear if this was done at the time of her death, or done afterwards by whoever it was who tried to destroy her image, but it was such a unwearyingly sad ending to one of Egypt’s powerful woman. This erasure left a hole in Egypt’s history books for a very long time. Up until the 19th Century, there was no mention of Hatshepsut’s name in any of the ancient books. It was no until Egyptologists who were studying the hieroglyphs on the walls of Deir el-Bahari was Hatshepsut truly restored to her place as the 18th Dynasty female king. Conclusion In the ancient world, it was rare for a woman to step up to the throne, but Hatshepsut became an acceptation. We know very little of the life she lead, but the country she lead left a lot of evidence to this great leader. She seem to have paved the way for the chance for woman to rule over Egypt without doubts into what they would be able to do. With the destruction of her image, we can get a sense of jealously within the male realm, being that it gave way to the complete control, knowing a woman could be higher than them. But Hatshepsut proved herself to her people, even if it was ultimately almost erased from history. Bibliography Christensen, Wendy. ""Egypt during the 18th–20 dynasties." ." In Empire of Ancient Egypt, Great Empires of the Past., by Wendy Christensen, -. New York: Facts on File, 2005. David, Rosalie. "“New Kingdom.”." In Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt, Revised Edition., by Rosalie David. Facts on File, 2003. Dell, Pamela, and Rosemary G. Palmer. In Hatshepsut: Egypt’s First Female Pharaoh, by Pamela Dell, Minneapolis, Minnesota: Compass Point Books, 2008. Jadwiga Lipinska, Donald B. Redford. "Hatshepsut" The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Ed. Oxford University Press Inc, 2001. Kuhlman, Erica Ann. “Hatshepsut.” New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2002. Ancient and Medieval History Online. Facts On File, Inc. "“Hatshepsut.”." In A to Z of Women in World History, A to Z of Women., by Erica Ann Kuhlman. New York: Facts on File, 2002. Salisbury, Joyce. ""Hatshepsut"." In Encyclopedia of Women in the Ancient World, by Joyce Salisbury. Santa Barbara, CA, 2001. Waldman, Carl, and Alan Wexler. ""Hatshepsut, expeditions"." In "Encyclopedia of Exploration: The Explorers, volume 1", by Carl, and Alan Wexler Waldman, -. New York: Facts on File, 2004.

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