Different Forms of Violence--Essay代写范文精选

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51due论文代写网精选essay代写范文：“Different Forms of Violence”这篇文章主要讲了古希腊统治阶级的暴力行为。在2个不同的时期，我看到了不同的法庭场景，我看到了2种不同的暴力形式。故事发生在古希腊，苏格拉底因暴力而死亡。

Reading two different courtroom scenes in two different periods, I saw two different forms of violence. One dialogue I enjoy is the Socrates’s defense (The Dialogues of Plato. 17a1-42a5). The story took place in ancient Greece. Socrates died because of the violence in democracy. The other dialogue I really appreciate is The Summoner's Tale (The Canterbury Tales. 625-670). It happened in the mid-century. Summoners worked for the church. Just as their names, they delivered a summons to people who were charged by ecclesiastical courts. A great number of summoners made use of the job convenience to blackmail people for profit. It is a kind of violence in the concentration of power. Apparently, Legal systems in those two periods were plagued by different factors. Now I will compare the two tales to find the factors.

The reality of democracy in ancient Greek

Let’s talk from the Socrates’s defense. The dialogue happened in a courtroom scene. The courtroom in ancient Greek was a place that defendants could make some speeches to defend themselves against criticism and then be voted by the jury to convict them. Socrates was on charge of not believing in god and poisoning the mind of the young (The Dialogues of Plato. 24c9-28a1). As we can see, he was sentenced to death just because he had an idea and shared the idea with others young. From the dialogue we can know that the ancient Greek was famous of its democracy. Socrates was voted to death by all the demos of Athens. The legal procedure seems democratic. Legal authority rests in all the demos of Athens. However, it is those democrats that put Socrates to death. In my opinion, the legal system was plagued by three factors.

(1) Insular demos. From the etymology, the word democracy is composed of the word demos and the Greek word ‘kratia’, which means the state is ruled by demos. It seems so reasonable that even the present country can learn from it. However, the demos in ancient Greek are insular, as the law was established on basis of slavery. Demos were men born in Greek. Women, foreigners and slaves were not included. Democracy in ancient Greek belonged to authoritarian demos. It is so limited that more than half of citizens had no right to participate in.

(2) Democratic tyranny - the jury. The court in ancient Greek did not own a judge. Instead, the jury had the right to convict of a crime. Any demos could be members of the jury. The limit of this policy is that all demos could be members of the jury regardless of their judging skills and they did not need preparation for cases. Therefore, the social status of those accused of committing an offense mattered so much as some members were glad to fawn on them. Besides, effective speeches were integral than written documents that serve as precedent. Socrates was sentenced to death as he looked down on the jury (The Dialogues of Plato. 28a2-31c3). Socrates was asked to admit that what he thought was wrong so that he can save himself from death row. Socrates was so unyielding that he would rather die. The members of the jury were so angry and sentenced him to death. The jury judged the case emotionally, not objectively. How can an emotional judgment be fair?

(3) The false liberty of individuals. The ancient Greek was ruled by demos instead of every demo. The benefits if the group was highest. To ensure them, the benefit of a demo can be sacrificed. A typical case is the ostracism. Socrates was sentenced to death was also because he was different from others. Just as the saying: it's natural to resent the big kahuna. A true maverick could not be accepted by others whether he was right or not.

From the three factors, we can see that the ancient Greek seemed democratically. But the truth is the real violence just hided in the democracy. Socrates stuck to his idea consistently. Although he made no wrong and his effective speeches were accepted by some of the members of the jury, most of them still denied him and sentenced him to death. They used violence in democratic coats to deny a new, progressive idea.

Powerful ecclesiastical courts http://www.51due.com/writing/essay/sample60707.html

Another tail in The Canterbury Tales that affected me a lot is The Summoner's Tale. In the mid-century, different from the Democracy in ancient Greek, the right of judgment was concentrated on ecclesiastical courts. The courtroom at that time was a place that defendants were convicted and punished by ecclesiastical courts. The office was prone to corruption. Summoners delivered a summons to people who were charged by ecclesiastical courts. But even the powerless summoners made use of the job convenience to blackmail people for profit (The Canterbury Tales. 625-650). The summoners were described as a ugly, immoral guy. He was bad both inside and out. It is a kind of violence in the concentration of power. In my opinion, the legal system was plagued by three factors.

(1) The power was in hands of few people. The people owning power in their hands are called the ruling class. In the mid-century, the ruling class was the church. Therefore, the legal authority just rested in the people worked for the church. Having power in their hands, they used them to insure their benefits. While their benefits were insured, others’ benefits, such as women’s, proletariats’ and atheists’ benefits were sacrificed. In that way, effective speeches in courts were usually useless while the social status of those accused of committing an offense had important effects. The old widow in The Summoner's Tale was a poor woman (The Canterbury Tales. 660-670). She had nothing to do with the church. As a result, Even the outrageous summoner could extort money from her just because the summoner worked for the church.

(2) Concentrated power bred corruption. Greed is a kind of nature of human being. Having been in power, the church dealt with thing after the will of them instead of the will of the God. The summoner lived at the bottom of the church; he owned the smallest power in the ruling class. By the time, he was the master of the poor. Nobody gave money to them. It resulted in that they asked for money on own initiative. The summoner was a poor guy when he was born. After he became a summoner, everything changed just because he had a little power.

(3) Lack of supervision. The church never settled a supervision agency. As a result, they could use their power indiscriminately mercilessly. The summoner could extort money from the old widow without fear because no one would punish him. The old widow ate humble pie because he could turn nobody for help. If there existed a supervision agency, things would get better.

From this tale, we can see that concentrated power can also lead to violence. The summoner revealed his greedy disposition characteristic as a result of his little power. The old widow was so helpless all due to her social status. The two different period tell us that over-democracy and over- despotism will both lead to violence. They are different forms of violence. Complete law should take into consideration all aspects to insure everyone’s benefits.[-Z]

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