I had a few problems getting aseprite compiling on windows. Here are the steps I followed to get a working build, using Visual Studio Community 2015.
1) Compile Skia: for whatever reason, using the standard ninja -C out/Release dm method didn't work. Instead:
a) Open Command Prompt. Run "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\bin\vcvars32.bat".
b) In the same Command Prompt, run python make.py. Note that you must use python 2, and not python 3.
2) Compile Aseprite: I couldn't get aseprite compiling with MinGW and gcc. I ran into all sorts of errors, including c++ 11 code not being compiled with -std=c++11, and gcc not being able to find the winsock libraries. These are probably problems with the cmake settings, but I couldn't be bothered trying to learn cmake to fix them. So:
a) Get cmake to generate a VS solution: cmake -DUSE_ALLEG4_BACKEND=OFF -DUSE_SKIA_BACKEND=ON -DSKIA_DIR=C:\build\skia -G "Visual Studio 14" ..
c) Build the solution.